2024

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https://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/10087

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A comparative analysis of undergraduate esl learners: student and teacher perspectives on total physical response (tpr) and communicative language learning (cll) methods
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) AROOBA NAZ
The study aims to investigate the perceptions of students and teachers related to Total Physical Response (TPR) and Communicative Language Learning (CLL) approaches in teaching English as a Second Language/ Foreign Language at private universities situated in Lahore, Pakistan. Since there are few previous studies of these approaches in this context, the study also tests whether and how they influence language competence, student engagement, and overall learning experiences. This is an important study that helps understand the language learning methods preferred by few students and teachers is necessary to clarify some aspects of ways of teaching English advancement in addition to a continuous search to find approaches more effective. Insights will provide the underpinnings for curricular design, teaching methodologies (e.g. overcrowded classrooms); and resource constraints. The study also looks at using culturally responsive teaching in ESL instruction because of the differing social and cultural backgrounds students come from. TPR excels in vocabulary learning and student motivation by employing physical activities whereas CLL specializes in communicative competence (and fluency) through interactive lesson plan types. Teacher perceptions highlight the challenges to implementing CLL, demonstrating that supportive strategies are important. Through this effort to include those domains, the research seeks a complete picture of how ESL instruction can be better executed. Conclusion: These findings can be used to help tackle the identified challenges and streamline operations for private universities in Lahore.
A corpus-based analysis of morpho-syntactic structures in the first 30 words of Surah al-Rahman
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Muhammad Ahsan Raheem
This research looks into the morphology and syntax of Surah Al Rehman using a corpus-based approach. The analysis of the first thirty words within the scope of the study allows the identification of important basic morpho-syntactic components responsible for the linguistic and rhetorical beauty of the Surah. It was determined that Quranic Arabic is rich in inflectional and derivational morphemes which promotes grammar and meaning lean at the same time. Recurrent syntactic constructions serve to increase the rhythm and thematic recurrence of poetry in the Surah. Moreover, the report notes the employment of different types of sentences like simple, compound, and complex sentences, which add coherence to the work. An absolute increase as well as a rise in noun cases with conjunctions gives extra stoutness towards the alignment of the framework of the text. This means that Surah Al Rehman contains a groomed text approach to discourse which heightened the spiritual and rhetorical intensity. The significance of corpus-based linguistic analysis in Quranic Arabic is still inadequately documented, which makes this research important.
A survey of beliefs and vocabulary learning strategies adopted by ESl learners at University of Management and Technology (UMT)
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) MAHEEN MUNEER
This research explores the ESL learner beliefs and the vocabulary learning strategies of the students of the University of Management and Technology (UMT) employing a quantitative research method. A structured survey was used to obtain data on the student's views on the learning of vocabulary and the measures they use. Descriptive analysis of the survey data showed the general tendency and patterns of learner vocabulary acquisition, their preferences of the strategies and the role of their beliefs in strategy selection. The findings of the study are useful in understanding the connection between learners' beliefs and their vocabulary learning strategies and therefore hold suggestions for enhancing learning strategies that would suit ESL learners in UMT.
Analyzing linguistic patterns and persuasion techniques in Imran khan's political speeches
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Ghulam Murtaza
This study investigates the linguistic patterns and persuasion techniques employed by Imran Khan in his political speeches, specifically analyzing four key speeches: His speech during the Belt and Road Forum held in Beijing (2019), during 76th Session of United Nations General Assembly (2021), his statement on Pulwama attack and interview with Al Arabiya. Analyzing the text, the study uses Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as a theoretical framework by applying Fairclough’s three-dimensional model. The research interest resides on the rhetoric choices that Khan employs, including the rhetorical appeals, topics and motifs as well as language features in order to build credibility, appeal to emotions and create reasonableness. The study also considers topics that demonstrate how Khan uses inclusive language, personal pronouns, and powerful metaphors to spread his message and recruit followers. Conducting lexical, syntactic, semantic, and discourse analyses on the speeches given by Imran Khan, the study establishes four major discursive themes of economic reforms, anti-corruption drive, nationalism, and unity among the country’s people. The analysis of ethos, pathos, logos, and Kairos as persuasion strategies also underscores Khan’s skills in appealing to and engaging various broad audiences, as well as explaining political topics to them. This research can be viewed as a useful addition to the body of knowledge about political discourse as it presents a rich analysis of the language utilized by a modern political figure. By elucidating the techniques Khan employs to assert his political ideology and leadership, the research offers insights into the dynamics of political communication and its impact on public perception and international diplomacy.
Argument structures in English and Urdu
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) AANISH HAMEED
The study investigates the argument structures of English and Urdu, focusing on theta role assignment and the influence of prepositional and postpositional phrases on syntactic structures. The aim is to identify similarities and differences between the two languages, analyze the role of prepositions in English versus postpositions in Urdu, and explore the correlation between theta role assignment and these phrases. This research is grounded in the theoretical framework of the syntax-semantics interface, employing theta theory and X-bar theory. It employs a comparative syntactic analysis approach and is designed in a qualitative manner to examine sentence constructions and map out how argument relations are expressed through different syntactic forms. The findings reveal distinct differences in the syntactic strategies employed by English and Urdu, with Urdu demonstrating greater syntactic flexibility due to its use of both postpositions and case markers. This flexibility suggests a richer potential for argument structure realization in Urdu compared to English. The study's results have significant implications for understanding the nature of argument structures in different languages, providing valuable insights for translation, language learning, and the development of natural language processing (NLP) tools. By highlighting these syntactic and semantic variations, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of language universals and typological differences.
Borrowing and code switching
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) JAVERIA
The aim of this work is to discuss the cases of code-switching and borrowing in the English-Urdu language used by Pakistanis using the theoretic stratagem proposed by Labov and Gumperz’s to investigate the correlation of language and culture within the given society. The research is demographic in nature and uses both questionnaire and participant observation in data collection. Data collected in quantitatively measuring and describing linguistic behaviors is analyzed objectively and manipulated quantitatively to be able to establish trends and patterns with statistical reliability. Quantitative research is selected in this study because it permits collection and analysis of number data through which researchers see tendencies and relationship in code-switching and borrowing among Pakistani Urdu speakers. This way quantitative approach can determine how often the diversity language is used and in what situations and the results can be in great measure generalized on the population, which would be practically impossible with the help of qualitative approach.
Cognitive stylistic analysis of language used in activism on palestine-israel conflict
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) AMNA IMRAN
The study investigates the languages and tools involved in activism on Palestine-Israel conflict by performing cognitive stylistic analysis, examining the role of newspaper articles in language use to influence cognitive perceptions of the readers. It follows the theoretical framework of rhetorical analysis under the argumentation theory in cognitive stylistics. The study aims the objectives of examining rhetorical devices, the rhetorical appeals and then the cognitive processes involved in influencing perceptions towards the conflict. The research is designed in a qualitative manner to investigate the insights into the content of the newspaper articles incorporating exploratory and explanatory approaches. The analysis was carried out with the data collected from various newspaper channels within a time frame. The collected data was analyzed according to the research questions and objectives. The analysis reveals the use of metaphors, hyperbole, allusion and alliteration as the most used rhetorical devices. The three rhetorical appeals revealed the examples and their impact on reader about writer’s credibility, emotional approach and use of logics and facts to influence the cognitive thoughts of audience. The cognitive processes like; attention, framing, schema activation and narrative transportation incorporate their involvement and impact of such style of language on perceptions.
Compounding in the representation of news reporting of general elections 2024: a lexical morphological analysis of Pakistani English newspaper editorials compounding in the representation of news reporting of general elections 2024: a lexical morphological analysis of Pakistani English newspaper editorials
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) DUA NADEEM
This study delves into the lexical and morphological intricacies of news reporting in Pakistani newspaper editorials during the 2024 General Elections, focusing on English newspaper: Such as; Dawn this research focuses on word compounding where two or more words are combined to form new words that are contextualized about the other; the purpose of this research is to describe how the language used by the editors assists in developing and passing political stories and prejudice. A qualitative analysis explores the language patterns used by journalists to present public opinions. This study contributes to understanding the specificities of language as it relates to political communication in Pakistani media.
Conceptual metaphorical analysis of short story “the walk” by kamila shamsie
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Emaan Farhat
This study will scrutinize the short story “The Walk” (2020) by Kamila Shamsie (1973) in an intense way using implicit conceptual metaphors developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson (1980) for metaphorical analysis, that will also reveal the informative network that grounds the subject. With the execution of conceptual metaphorical theory, we will see how Kamila Shamsie has used the language so that we can determine the implicit conceptual metaphors in her short story, and inquire how they enhance the tone, effects of literary work and the meaning. We will also be able to scrutinize the structural metaphors to create narrative illustration by organizing the story’s brief landscape. Additionally, the orientational, ontological implicit metaphors will be recognized. The choice of Shamsie’s language creates a story that is lavishly suggestive and passionately energetic, denying simple classification into one analytical structure. By this study, we will also be able to analyze the ideas that are abstract to life. The stylistic features like tone, imagery, symbolism, will help us in exploring the literary effects of the theme of story. We will also be able to investigate how these implicit metaphors that we have extracted from this short story by deeper understanding, create advanced and complex literary panorama. So, through this qualitative analysis, this study will help us to examine the underpinned or hidden metaphorical structures that shapes the themes of this story and will enable us to showcase in forming our understanding of literary works.
Corpus- based metaphorical framing analysis of war and genocide metaphors in the israeli palestinian conflict in western media
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Jannat Nazir
This research proposes an operational approach to a metaphorical framing analysis while using large-scale data of wester media. This study employs both qualitative and quantitative methods to critically and discursively analyze the coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by two prominent Western media outlets, CNN and The Guardian, over a ten-month period from 7th October 2023 to 10th July 2024. Focusing specifically on the metaphors of “war” and “genocide,” the research aims to uncover how these terms frame the conflict and shape public perception. The analysis reveals that the term “war” appears 443 times, constituting 0.45% of the corpus, while “genocide” occurs 377 times, or 0.38% of the corpus. These findings highlight the significant role of these terms in framing the conflict as a persistent state of military aggression and a moral crisis, respectively. Collocation analysis shows that “war” and “genocide” share overlapping collocates such as “Hamas,” “crime,” and “Israel,” indicating a shared narrative that evokes strong emotional responses and images of cruelty, victimization, and brutality. The concordance lines of “war” frequently depict the conflict as damaging and urgent, with negative semantic prosody emphasizing large-scale and long-term struggles. Similarly, “genocide” carries a negative semantic prosody, framing the conflict in terms of extreme moral and humanitarian crises, and evoking accusations of intentional acts of brutality. Additionally, thematic and content analysis reveals key themes associated with these metaphors, displaying their narratives. The study concludes that Western media frames the Israeli-Palestinian conflict through a wide range of perspectives, significantly influencing both regional and global interpretations.
Esl students’ anxiety in english (as a second language) learning from the perspective of english language skills
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Muniba Sabir Rao
The main aim of the present research study is to explore, analyze and understand the state of anxiety that ESL students develop while learning four skills of English language in the context of Pakistan ESL classrooms. For the purpose of this qualitative study, it was convenient to purposely select thirty university level ESL students from three private University of Lahore, (UMT, UOL, and LLU) Lahore Pakistan. Since attainment of permission from various department heads the survey was conducted on campus. The research utilized a questionnaire divided into three sections: The survey’s field included demographic information, six closed questions, and four open questions. The data was gathered using a questionnaire and subsequently analyzed utilizing the computer software SPSS-24. The findings were elucidated through the presentation of figures, graphs, and tables. As seen in the results, anxiety originated from the lack of motivation, and inadequate social relation with instructors and peers, unfavorable learning conditions aching ESL undergraduates. The directions highlighted below formed the basis of the recommendations that the researcher provided to reduce anxiety in relation to the acquisition of the four English languages.
Examining the role of drawings in revealing the emotional state of autistic child
(UMT, Lahore, 2024) Arooba Hafeez
This thesis demonstrates that the emotional state of an autistic child can be expressed through the use of drawings. It is done through the use of a case study that focuses on six different emotional states observed in an autistic child. This study focuses on the background, concepts, and significance of autism by providing a comprehensive explanation. The observation and analysis of drawings created by autistic child are then examined by using a qualitative approach. The variables included in this research are happiness, anger, frustration, playfulness, boredom, and excitement. The study aims to use this research to examine the better emotional state of autistic children. In addition, it also helps in figuring out how those children communicate their emotions through drawings. The study will observe the patterns and ways in the drawings and will relate them to six different emotional conditions. The findings will relate different theories to the emotional state of autistic child. It will discuss the importance of non-verbal communication in understanding the emotional well-being of autistic child. These methods will have a positive impact on understanding them better and improving their quality of life. This thesis contributes to the improvement of the lives of autistic children by emphasizing the importance of drawings in understanding their emotional states better. This study will be helpful for educators, therapists, and parents offering better practical implications of non-verbal communication in autistic children.
Exploration of collocation in news reporting of economic instability in Pakistani newspapers editorials
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) AQSA
This study observes collocations in the editorials of major Pakistani newspapers, specifically Dawn, from 2022 to 2024, focusing on the discussion of economic instability. The research analyses how journalists apply specific word combinations to describe economic challenges in Pakistan. By investigating these collocations, this qualitative study revealed patterns reflecting editorial perspectives and influencing readers' understanding of economic issues. The study's findings explain the relationship between language and media discourse on economic instability, highlighting how language choices can shape public perception and policy responses.
Exploring learner's perspectives: the influence of smartphones on english writing skills of pakistani students
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Mahnoor Aziz
Technological advancement with its extensive use in every field of life has also impelled the educators to apply innovative techniques in learning English writing through smart phone and discover popular features of smart phone that are supportive in English writing. The current research intends to explore the perceptions of Pakistani learners that how smart phone is helping in learning English writing. The study used mix method quantitative and qualitative paradigm reach design. The population of the study comprised of MA and BS learners from 3 different universities of Lahore Punjab Pakistan. From the said population 200 learners public Lahore Leads University, Kinnaird College and Lahore College for Woman University, Punjab were selected. The data from 200 were collected through a close ended, open ended and demographical questionnaire. The collected data were later analysed employing frequency and thematic analysis. The result demonstrated that the learners have positive inclination towards learning English writing through smart phone. The study also highlights some popular features that significantly support learners in fluency and accuracy of English writing. Smart phone is good tool for language learning especially in English writing.
Exploring student’s perception of the usability of social media in learning english as a second language at undergraduate level
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Ahmed Nawab
This research is conducted to explore the student’s perception of the usability of social media in learning English as a second language. This research is conducted in the university of management and technology and student of UMT are selected and participant for this research. This research paper is exploratory and mixed method is used to collect the data. The data is analysed qualitatively and then quantitative results and findings are used to explore the data. As this is an exploratory research design which means it first begins with a qualitative research phase and explores the views of participants. The data are then analysed, and the information used to build into a second, quantitative phase. Interviews are conducted and questions were asked to get the desire result. The findings of this research clearly stated that majority of students in Pakistan use social media for their learning purpose. They have a good experience while using social media platforms for the learning purpose. There are multiple social media platforms that students use but the most commonly used one are; YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, and least commonly used one are telegram and email sometimes.
Exploring the impact of duo lingo in new language learners
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) UMAIRA YAMIN
This study explores the experience of Pakistani students using mobile language learning app Duolingo for the first time. Through a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, SPSS analysis, and Thematic analysis of interviews of the participants, the research explores usage patterns, motivations, and challenges. The findings reveal that while gamification and app features motivate some learners many participants struggle with consistency and confidence. The study highlights cultural and educational factors influencing these preferences and suggests directions for enhancing mobile learning tools.
Exploring the influence of multilingualism and monolingualism on the cognitive flexibility of students in language learning context
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) MUHAMMAD IMRAN
This thesis explores the relationship between multilingualism and cognitive flexibility, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of how language experience influences cognitive processes. The study integrates quantitative and qualitative approaches to investigate the cognitive advantages of multilingualism and the socio-cultural influences shaping individuals' experiences. Through a combination of empirical analyses, theoretical reflections, and practical implications, the study contributes to advancing knowledge in the field of multilingualism and cognitive flexibility. The research begins with a review of the literature, tracing the historical background of multilingualism and cognitive flexibility research and highlighting key theoretical frameworks and empirical findings. Drawing on linguistic, cognitive, and sociocultural perspectives, the literature review provides a foundation for understanding the complexities of the multilingual mind and its implications for cognitive functioning. Following the literature review, the methodology section outlines the research design, participant characteristics, measures and instruments, procedures, and data analysis methods employed in the study. By adopting a mixed-methods approach, the study aims to capture both quantitative trends and qualitative nuances, providing a comprehensive analysis of the research topic. The findings chapter presents the key findings of the study, organized according to research questions and thematic categories. Quantitative analyses reveal a significant positive relationship between multilingualism, as indicated by language proficiency levels, and cognitive flexibility. Individuals with higher language proficiency demonstrate superior cognitive flexibility performance, confirming previous theoretical frameworks such as the bilingual advantage vi hypothesis. Qualitative narratives provide depth and context to these findings, highlighting the socio-cultural influences shaping individuals' experiences of multilingualism and cognitive flexibility. The discussion chapter integrates quantitative and qualitative findings to provide a holistic understanding of the research topic. By examining both types of data, the study elucidates the cognitive advantages of multilingual language use and underscores the importance of considering socio-cultural context and individual differences in cognitive research. Theoretical implications extend cognitive control theories and highlight the importance of cultural sensitivity in understanding cognitive outcomes. Practical implications inform interventions and policies aimed at promoting cognitive development and linguistic diversity in diverse linguistic contexts. Reflecting on the limitations of the study, including methodological constraints and sample characteristics, the conclusion chapter proposes directions for future research to address remaining questions and refine methodologies. Longitudinal studies, experimental manipulations, cross-cultural comparisons, and interdisciplinary approaches are suggested to further advance knowledge in this area. In conclusion, this thesis contributes to advancing knowledge in the field of multilingualism and cognitive flexibility by integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches, confirming and extending previous findings, and exploring novel insights. By bridging theoretical reflections with practical implications, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of the cognitive consequences of multilingualism and highlights the importance of continued research in this area.
Exploring the interplay between English and Pashto discourse markers: an undergraduates' perspective
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Nida Mumshad
The study aims to explore the interplay between English and Pashto Discourse markers; the research brings forward the problems faced by the Yousafzai Pashto Learners (YPL) while using discourse markers. The research targets to discover the syntactic and pragmatic problems YPL face while using English discourse markers. Theoretical underpinning includes interlanguage theory by Selinker (1972) which suggests that the learners of second language create an interlinked linguistic system which incorporates the features of their native language with the target language. The data is collected through purposive sampling by 27 undergraduate learners whose 1st language is the Yousafzai Pashto. The data is collected through questionnaire and interviews; the questionnaire data is analyzed through descriptive statistics whereas interview questions are examined through thematic analysis. The results show that YPL face difficulties while using discourse markers in general and particularly using Topic shifter marker and counter-argument connectives are determined as the most challenging ones due to the specific meaning they have in the Yousafzai Pashto language, which lack direct equivalent in English language.
Female-gender Representation in advertisements: a critical discourse analysis
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) WARDA SHAHZAD
This study aimed at depicting through critical discourse analysis of the Pakistani TV advertisements aired in prime timing that how voice is used to construct the female genders. The study is exploratory in nature and, therefore, is a qualitative one. In the current study, the qualitative approach has been adopted and out of the various methods available, critical discourse analysis has been chosen where Fairclough’s 3d model will be used in data analysis. As for the reason of choosing the qualitative method, the researcher keenly assesses the problems and subjects in power and detail because the data obtained in this study relies on people experiences which is more forceful and persuasive. For the purpose of the undertaken analysis, the data was gathered from four (4) Drama channels and twenty-five (25) advertisements were selected using the random sampling procedure. The specific headings under which the selected advertisements had been analysed are text (description), Interaction (interpretation), and context (explanation) and explains the gender roles and identities constructed for the females through the selected advertisements. This paper focuses on the social context which basically informs us that advertisements are central to marketing of products for the people and these advertisements are significant as they are part of the reflection and construction of our society. This study also gives some theories that people are prejudice in defining the roles of gender and in this way, distinction can be made between male and female genders. The discourses as analysed in this research are to consider the voice accorded to the females and equally the times when that voice is considered.
Investigating the effect of social physique anxiety and linguistic anxiety among professional athlete and Non athlete students at the university level
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Shafiqa Usmani
This study investigates the impact of social physique anxiety and linguistic anxiety among professional athletes and non-athlete university students, aiming to understand its variation and influence on body image and psychological health. Using a correlational design with 120 participants, including athletes and non-athletes, data were collected through surveys during the fall semester of 2023–2024. Results reveal higher social physique anxiety among professional athletes compared to non-athletes. Additionally, a small but significant link is found between athlete status and education, with athletes generally having higher education levels. Interestingly, being an athlete shows a negative correlation with both social physique anxiety and linguistic anxiety, suggesting lower anxiety levels among athletes. Gender differences in education are observed, with women tending to have slightly higher education levels than men, though no significant association is found with anxiety. Overall, these findings underscore the complex relationship between various factors such as gender, athlete status, education, and anxiety levels among university students, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to promote positive body image and psychological well-being.

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