2024

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https://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/10087

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Female-gender Representation in advertisements: a critical discourse analysis
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) WARDA SHAHZAD
This study aimed at depicting through critical discourse analysis of the Pakistani TV advertisements aired in prime timing that how voice is used to construct the female genders. The study is exploratory in nature and, therefore, is a qualitative one. In the current study, the qualitative approach has been adopted and out of the various methods available, critical discourse analysis has been chosen where Fairclough’s 3d model will be used in data analysis. As for the reason of choosing the qualitative method, the researcher keenly assesses the problems and subjects in power and detail because the data obtained in this study relies on people experiences which is more forceful and persuasive. For the purpose of the undertaken analysis, the data was gathered from four (4) Drama channels and twenty-five (25) advertisements were selected using the random sampling procedure. The specific headings under which the selected advertisements had been analysed are text (description), Interaction (interpretation), and context (explanation) and explains the gender roles and identities constructed for the females through the selected advertisements. This paper focuses on the social context which basically informs us that advertisements are central to marketing of products for the people and these advertisements are significant as they are part of the reflection and construction of our society. This study also gives some theories that people are prejudice in defining the roles of gender and in this way, distinction can be made between male and female genders. The discourses as analysed in this research are to consider the voice accorded to the females and equally the times when that voice is considered.
Examining the role of drawings in revealing the emotional state of autistic child
(UMT, Lahore, 2024) Arooba Hafeez
This thesis demonstrates that the emotional state of an autistic child can be expressed through the use of drawings. It is done through the use of a case study that focuses on six different emotional states observed in an autistic child. This study focuses on the background, concepts, and significance of autism by providing a comprehensive explanation. The observation and analysis of drawings created by autistic child are then examined by using a qualitative approach. The variables included in this research are happiness, anger, frustration, playfulness, boredom, and excitement. The study aims to use this research to examine the better emotional state of autistic children. In addition, it also helps in figuring out how those children communicate their emotions through drawings. The study will observe the patterns and ways in the drawings and will relate them to six different emotional conditions. The findings will relate different theories to the emotional state of autistic child. It will discuss the importance of non-verbal communication in understanding the emotional well-being of autistic child. These methods will have a positive impact on understanding them better and improving their quality of life. This thesis contributes to the improvement of the lives of autistic children by emphasizing the importance of drawings in understanding their emotional states better. This study will be helpful for educators, therapists, and parents offering better practical implications of non-verbal communication in autistic children.
Investigating the Effects of Machine Translation Tools on Second Language Acquisition (SLA)
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) UMAIMA SHAKEEL
This research aims at analysing the effects of MT on SLA in English-Urdu and Urdu-English translation by focusing on the students’ perspective. Given that machine translation technologies are now a part of language learning, it is important to understand the impact that they have on learners. This study adopts a survey and interview method to obtain data from students who use these tools in their learning institutions. The study shows that people have different perceptions towards machine translation as it is seen as useful for understanding and practice but at the same time it has drawbacks such as overdependence and inaccuracy. Thus, this research advances the current discussion on the use of technology in SLA and provides specific suggestions for teachers and developers of language learning technologies. Therefore, it is the objective of this research to identify and discuss the positive and negative effects of machine translation from the students’ point of view in order to guide the improvement of the integration of such tools in learning institutions.
Argument structures in English and Urdu
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) AANISH HAMEED
The study investigates the argument structures of English and Urdu, focusing on theta role assignment and the influence of prepositional and postpositional phrases on syntactic structures. The aim is to identify similarities and differences between the two languages, analyze the role of prepositions in English versus postpositions in Urdu, and explore the correlation between theta role assignment and these phrases. This research is grounded in the theoretical framework of the syntax-semantics interface, employing theta theory and X-bar theory. It employs a comparative syntactic analysis approach and is designed in a qualitative manner to examine sentence constructions and map out how argument relations are expressed through different syntactic forms. The findings reveal distinct differences in the syntactic strategies employed by English and Urdu, with Urdu demonstrating greater syntactic flexibility due to its use of both postpositions and case markers. This flexibility suggests a richer potential for argument structure realization in Urdu compared to English. The study's results have significant implications for understanding the nature of argument structures in different languages, providing valuable insights for translation, language learning, and the development of natural language processing (NLP) tools. By highlighting these syntactic and semantic variations, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of language universals and typological differences.
Esl students’ anxiety in english (as a second language) learning from the perspective of english language skills
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Muniba Sabir Rao
The main aim of the present research study is to explore, analyze and understand the state of anxiety that ESL students develop while learning four skills of English language in the context of Pakistan ESL classrooms. For the purpose of this qualitative study, it was convenient to purposely select thirty university level ESL students from three private University of Lahore, (UMT, UOL, and LLU) Lahore Pakistan. Since attainment of permission from various department heads the survey was conducted on campus. The research utilized a questionnaire divided into three sections: The survey’s field included demographic information, six closed questions, and four open questions. The data was gathered using a questionnaire and subsequently analyzed utilizing the computer software SPSS-24. The findings were elucidated through the presentation of figures, graphs, and tables. As seen in the results, anxiety originated from the lack of motivation, and inadequate social relation with instructors and peers, unfavorable learning conditions aching ESL undergraduates. The directions highlighted below formed the basis of the recommendations that the researcher provided to reduce anxiety in relation to the acquisition of the four English languages.
Exploring the interplay between English and Pashto discourse markers: an undergraduates' perspective
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Nida Mumshad
The study aims to explore the interplay between English and Pashto Discourse markers; the research brings forward the problems faced by the Yousafzai Pashto Learners (YPL) while using discourse markers. The research targets to discover the syntactic and pragmatic problems YPL face while using English discourse markers. Theoretical underpinning includes interlanguage theory by Selinker (1972) which suggests that the learners of second language create an interlinked linguistic system which incorporates the features of their native language with the target language. The data is collected through purposive sampling by 27 undergraduate learners whose 1st language is the Yousafzai Pashto. The data is collected through questionnaire and interviews; the questionnaire data is analyzed through descriptive statistics whereas interview questions are examined through thematic analysis. The results show that YPL face difficulties while using discourse markers in general and particularly using Topic shifter marker and counter-argument connectives are determined as the most challenging ones due to the specific meaning they have in the Yousafzai Pashto language, which lack direct equivalent in English language.
Conceptual metaphorical analysis of short story “the walk” by kamila shamsie
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Emaan Farhat
This study will scrutinize the short story “The Walk” (2020) by Kamila Shamsie (1973) in an intense way using implicit conceptual metaphors developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson (1980) for metaphorical analysis, that will also reveal the informative network that grounds the subject. With the execution of conceptual metaphorical theory, we will see how Kamila Shamsie has used the language so that we can determine the implicit conceptual metaphors in her short story, and inquire how they enhance the tone, effects of literary work and the meaning. We will also be able to scrutinize the structural metaphors to create narrative illustration by organizing the story’s brief landscape. Additionally, the orientational, ontological implicit metaphors will be recognized. The choice of Shamsie’s language creates a story that is lavishly suggestive and passionately energetic, denying simple classification into one analytical structure. By this study, we will also be able to analyze the ideas that are abstract to life. The stylistic features like tone, imagery, symbolism, will help us in exploring the literary effects of the theme of story. We will also be able to investigate how these implicit metaphors that we have extracted from this short story by deeper understanding, create advanced and complex literary panorama. So, through this qualitative analysis, this study will help us to examine the underpinned or hidden metaphorical structures that shapes the themes of this story and will enable us to showcase in forming our understanding of literary works.
To investigate the process of polysemy affixation in Balochi language.
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) SHAH JAHAN
The purpose of this study is to analyze and investigate the polysemy affixation of Balochi language. Polysemy affixations are the morphological process in any language. Morphology is the branch of linguistics that deals with the internal structure of the words. Morphemes are the smallest meaningful unit of word that combines together to make new words. Morphology deals with different word formation processes. There are two types of morphemes free morphemes that can stand-alone and bound morphemes that cannot stand-alone. Polysemy affixation is the process where one affix has many closely related meanings. Polysemy affixes give different meanings in different contexts. Such as polysemy affix “er” has many meanings and perform differently in different contexts. For example: “write” into “writer”, “drive” into “driver” and “print” into “printer” thus, it has agentive, thematic and instrumental roles in different contexts. This phenomenon is termed as polysemy affixation in morphology. This research paper is conducted to analyze the polysemy affixation phenomena of Balochi language in Pakistan. LSF theory is used as the theoretical framework of this research paper. According to this theory simple words combine or co-indexed to make new larger and complex words. This process is called co-indexation. Furthermore, descriptive qualitative research method is used in this research paper. Data is collected and then analyze descriptively. Polysemy affixation characteristics of Balochi language is analyzed and studied in this research paper. Data is collected through various Books and articles along with some Internet resources. Collected data is analyzed, evaluated and validated by checking and re-checking of the data collection process.
Investigating the efficacy of task based language teaching on the spoken skills of esl learners at university level lahore
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) KASHF UD DUJA
This study investigates the efficacy of task-based language teaching on the spoken skills of ESL learners, aiming to examine learners’ perceptions, the challenges and implications of TBLT, with the objective of offering a comprehensive outlook on the efficiency of TBLT in improving spoken English skills. The quantitative data was obtained from a self-developed questionnaire which aimed at establishing the adequacy level of the ESL learners towards TBLT and the perceived benefits of the study. Quantitative data suggests that, TBLT is regarded as a positive strategy and has a beneficial effect including (pronunciation, vocabulary, confidence etc.) on students' spoken English and their fluency levels. But, the variability of outcomes and some issues were identified which includes fear of making mistakes and practice opportunities and this means that further research is needed to reveal the ways of enhancing TBLT for different learners.
Exploring learner's perspectives: the influence of smartphones on english writing skills of pakistani students
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Mahnoor Aziz
Technological advancement with its extensive use in every field of life has also impelled the educators to apply innovative techniques in learning English writing through smart phone and discover popular features of smart phone that are supportive in English writing. The current research intends to explore the perceptions of Pakistani learners that how smart phone is helping in learning English writing. The study used mix method quantitative and qualitative paradigm reach design. The population of the study comprised of MA and BS learners from 3 different universities of Lahore Punjab Pakistan. From the said population 200 learners public Lahore Leads University, Kinnaird College and Lahore College for Woman University, Punjab were selected. The data from 200 were collected through a close ended, open ended and demographical questionnaire. The collected data were later analysed employing frequency and thematic analysis. The result demonstrated that the learners have positive inclination towards learning English writing through smart phone. The study also highlights some popular features that significantly support learners in fluency and accuracy of English writing. Smart phone is good tool for language learning especially in English writing.
Exploring student’s perception of the usability of social media in learning english as a second language at undergraduate level
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Ahmed Nawab
This research is conducted to explore the student’s perception of the usability of social media in learning English as a second language. This research is conducted in the university of management and technology and student of UMT are selected and participant for this research. This research paper is exploratory and mixed method is used to collect the data. The data is analysed qualitatively and then quantitative results and findings are used to explore the data. As this is an exploratory research design which means it first begins with a qualitative research phase and explores the views of participants. The data are then analysed, and the information used to build into a second, quantitative phase. Interviews are conducted and questions were asked to get the desire result. The findings of this research clearly stated that majority of students in Pakistan use social media for their learning purpose. They have a good experience while using social media platforms for the learning purpose. There are multiple social media platforms that students use but the most commonly used one are; YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, and least commonly used one are telegram and email sometimes.
Investigating the role of teachers’ feedback strategies on esl undergraduate students’ grammatical accuracy development
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) SYEDA FATEEHA AYAZ
This study focusses on investigating the effects of various feedback methods that teachers use in an attempt to improve grammatical proficiency of the ESL undergraduate learners. Feedback plays a significant role in Second language Acquisition (SLA), the study focuses on three major feedbacks which include direct correction feedback, indirect correction feedback, and metalinguistic feedback in order to establish the extent and ways in which they impact on students’ grammatical proficiency. The study employs a blend of quantitative and qualitative approaches in which the frequency was measured and complemented by analysis of open-ended questions. The data was gathered through purposive sampling by distributing questionnaires to teachers who teach undergraduate students in the university.
Compounding in the representation of news reporting of general elections 2024: a lexical morphological analysis of Pakistani English newspaper editorials compounding in the representation of news reporting of general elections 2024: a lexical morphological analysis of Pakistani English newspaper editorials
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) DUA NADEEM
This study delves into the lexical and morphological intricacies of news reporting in Pakistani newspaper editorials during the 2024 General Elections, focusing on English newspaper: Such as; Dawn this research focuses on word compounding where two or more words are combined to form new words that are contextualized about the other; the purpose of this research is to describe how the language used by the editors assists in developing and passing political stories and prejudice. A qualitative analysis explores the language patterns used by journalists to present public opinions. This study contributes to understanding the specificities of language as it relates to political communication in Pakistani media.
The cause of language anxiety in undergraduates
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Tasmia Nazar
Learning English as a second language enhances students' learning abilities at the school level. The focus of this research is to find out the levels of anxiety among language learners. To assess anxiety levels, I distributed a questionnaire among three hundred students. I utilized FLCAS research to substantiate my findings. My research is based on identification of the sources and causes of anxiety, propose applicable solutions, and explore the roles of teachers and students in addressing this issue. Graphs, aided by SPSS, were employed to present my research findings, specifically examining anxiety levels at the intermediate level. In our country and various others, t-tests are utilized to compare anxiety levels between students in private and public sectors. Faculty members partake in numerous training sessions to actively contribute to the reduction of anxiety levels among undergraduates. It is the responsibility of both educators and institutions to address this significant issue, as it hampers learning capacity and undermines students' confidence. To yield more precise results, conducting research at higher levels and in diverse settings is necessary. Promoting English speaking outside the classroom environment enhances students' ability to confidently address the public, subsequently fostering their ease in presenting various topics before their peers. In conclusion, I firmly believe that this issue can be resolved; however, it demands sustained dedication and diligent efforts.
Exploration of collocation in news reporting of economic instability in Pakistani newspapers editorials
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) AQSA
This study observes collocations in the editorials of major Pakistani newspapers, specifically Dawn, from 2022 to 2024, focusing on the discussion of economic instability. The research analyses how journalists apply specific word combinations to describe economic challenges in Pakistan. By investigating these collocations, this qualitative study revealed patterns reflecting editorial perspectives and influencing readers' understanding of economic issues. The study's findings explain the relationship between language and media discourse on economic instability, highlighting how language choices can shape public perception and policy responses.
Investigation of phonemic variations of /kh/ and /sh/ sounds in Kandahari and Yousafzai dialects of Pushto language
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) DAWOOD SHAH
Language is a living organic entity. Language can be changed in the progression of time. How we talk today is different the manner in which our predecessors had spoken quite a while back. Pushto is a different communicating in language in Pakistan. This is on the grounds that there are multiple lingos in Pushto language, and every vernacular has more accents and variety. The significant tongues are Kandahari, and Yousafzai vernacular. Additionally, Pashto has two (significant) tongues delicate and loud. The loud tongue is spoken in northern Pashtun domains including Nangarhar, Kabul, Jalalabad (in Afghanistan) and Peshawar, Swat, Mardan, and Dir (in Pakistan). The delicate tongue is spoken in Quetta, Waziristan, Kandahar, and other southern Pashtun regions. The writing of Pashto went through a period of improvement where it had to adjust to current times and get correspondence from other phonetic frameworks. It presently comprises adjusted Persian letters in order, which are somewhat plummeted from Arabic letter sets. According to the assertion made by (Husain, 1962) , the Smack ruler Miangul Abdul Wadud in 1926 arranged that the Pashto script be changed to Nastaliq. The letters in order comprise of 44 letters and 4 diacritical imprints, some of which are special sounds and letters. Labov has given four suppositions about language and change. He said, synchronic language frameworks should be concentrated independently from the diachronic frameworks. Also, he said sound change can't be straightforwardly noticed, thirdly sentiments about language are blocked off. Finally, he said the utilization of non-semantic information to make sense of etymological change is disallowed.
The challenges faced by the university students and teachers in multilingual classroom environment while learning English language
(UMT, Lahore, 2024) Toba Rahat
This study aims to investigate Multilingualism in Pakistan and the Challenges faced by Students in Multilingual classroom environment while learning English Language. This study investigates the challenges faced by teachers and Students in Multilingual classroom settings. The main objectives of the Study identify the student’s linguistics background, the challenges they face in Multilingual classroom settings and the problems teacher faces in Multilingual classroom while teaching English language to undergraduate students and the possible solutions of the challenges teacher faces in the Multilingual classroom. The design of the study was the case study. The mixed method approach was favorable for collecting and analyzing the data. The quantitative data was collected from the University students. Questionnaire was solved by about 241 students and their answers were kept confidently. The qualitative data was collected through semi structure written interviews from the University teachers, 20 teachers participates in it. The research consists of six chapters. The first chapter deals with the background, introduction, objectives and research questions of the study. The second chapter deals with the review of previous study an overview of previous literature and Pakistani Literature. The third chapter deals with the methodologies adopted in the research. The fourth chapter deals with Data Analysis, techniques, results and findings. The fifth chapter deals with Discussion Qualitative and Quantitative Form. The sixth chapter deals with the conclusion. Keywords: Importance of Language, Multilingualism, SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), Teaching of English Language, Challenges,
The Implementation of neurolinguistics programming to enhance listening skills of esl students
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Mahum Mohammad Akbar
The study investigates the effect of NLP strategies, on Pakistani ESL first semester students listening skills. A total number of 80 students were selected all from the department of English linguistics, University of management and technology through purposive sampling technique. They were placed in a two groups, controlled and experimental group. Pre and posttests were conducted from the groups to test their listening skills. Control group was taught in traditional way whereas for experimental group various sessions implementing on NLP strategies were applied in between the pre-test and post-test to measure the effectiveness of NLP techniques. The teacher used a combination of brief British council podcasts and mixed ways of neuro linguistic programming approaches on experimental group to enhance the listening skills of students. A series of brief audios podcasts were played during the classroom hours and students of both groups performed tasks related to the podcast. On the last session, participants of both groups attempted a post-test to assess their listening comprehension and detailed listening abilities. According to this study, NLP is significantly more flexible and possesses a considerable impact on listening comprehension of ESL students.
A comparative analysis of undergraduate esl learners: student and teacher perspectives on total physical response (tpr) and communicative language learning (cll) methods
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) AROOBA NAZ
The study aims to investigate the perceptions of students and teachers related to Total Physical Response (TPR) and Communicative Language Learning (CLL) approaches in teaching English as a Second Language/ Foreign Language at private universities situated in Lahore, Pakistan. Since there are few previous studies of these approaches in this context, the study also tests whether and how they influence language competence, student engagement, and overall learning experiences. This is an important study that helps understand the language learning methods preferred by few students and teachers is necessary to clarify some aspects of ways of teaching English advancement in addition to a continuous search to find approaches more effective. Insights will provide the underpinnings for curricular design, teaching methodologies (e.g. overcrowded classrooms); and resource constraints. The study also looks at using culturally responsive teaching in ESL instruction because of the differing social and cultural backgrounds students come from. TPR excels in vocabulary learning and student motivation by employing physical activities whereas CLL specializes in communicative competence (and fluency) through interactive lesson plan types. Teacher perceptions highlight the challenges to implementing CLL, demonstrating that supportive strategies are important. Through this effort to include those domains, the research seeks a complete picture of how ESL instruction can be better executed. Conclusion: These findings can be used to help tackle the identified challenges and streamline operations for private universities in Lahore.
The impact of digital learning on motivation of undergraduate students in Lahore private universities
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Nida Khalil
“This study investigates the impact of digital learning tools on the motivation of undergraduate students attending private universities in Lahore. E-learning, a type of education that is becoming more and more popular, uses digital resources to provide flexible, accessible, and interactive learning opportunities. The study incorporates quantitative and qualitative data collected from 60 students who took part in a survey using a mixed-method approach. The study investigates the relationship between key elements of e-learning, including digital teaching tools, online forums, and progress tracking, and student motivation. About 20 questions concerning current E-learning trends, opinions, and proposals were asked. The poll also contained strongly agree, agree, neutral, and disagree questions. In the first phase, sixty students were chosen at random, and their answers to a questionnaire regarding the purpose of online education in Lahore's private universities were gathered. The findings demonstrate that E-learning significantly boosts students' motivation by offering personalized, self-paced learning options and encouraging communication between students and instructors. Quantitative studies reveal that the majority of students have a high preference for online learning over traditional classroom instruction. Additionally, they report improved academic accomplishment, increased levels of engagement, and greater satisfaction with their learning outcomes. The research does, however, also highlight a number of challenges, including the importance of digital literacy and the requirement for consistent technological access.

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