2023

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Association between three genetic variants in micro-rnas (rs3746444, rs11614913 & rs2910164) and prostate and gastric cancer risk
(UMT Lahore, 2023-02-13) SAMAN RAUF RAMAY; MAHEEN ZAHRA; GULNAZ BIBI
This study is about "Association between Three Genetic Variants in Micro-RNAs (rs3746444, rs11614913 & rs2910164) and Prostate and Gastric Cancer Risk" show that prostate and gastric cancer is a multifactorial disease, which are leading cause of death in Homo sapiens. These cancers can also be cause by single nucleotide polymorphism. Both types of cancer have three common SNPs in miRNA, which causes cancer. The total number of studies for qualitative and quantitative synthesis for data were n= 27. We retrieve data by using PRISMA guidelines. And we perform meta-analysis of those three SNPs in different ethnicities of Asian and European populations by using SPSS and STATA and it is found that the SNP rs11614913, which is associated with miR196a2, cause prostate cancer only, SNP rs2910164 associated miR146a, do not cause any cancer and SNP rs3746444 associated with miR499 can cause both prostate and gastric cancer.
Association between three genetic variants in micro-RNAs (rs3746444, rs11614913 & rs2910164) and prostate and gastric cancer risk
(UMT Lahore, 2023-03-15) SAMAN RAUF RAMAY; MAHEEN ZAHRA; GULNAZ BIBI; BUSHRA MURTAZA
This study is about "Association between Three Genetic Variants in Micro-RNAs (rs3746444, rs11614913 & rs2910164) and Prostate and Gastric Cancer Risk" show that prostate and gastric cancer is a multifactorial disease, which are leading cause of death in Homo sapiens. These cancers can also be cause by single nucleotide polymorphism. Both types of cancer have three common SNPs in miRNA, which causes cancer. The total number of studies for qualitative and quantitative synthesis for data were n= 27. We retrieve data by using PRISMA guidelines. And we perform meta-analysis of those three SNPs in different ethnicities of Asian and European populations by using SPSS and STATA and it is found that the SNP rs11614913, which is associated with miR196a2, cause prostate cancer only, SNP rs2910164 associated miR146a, do not cause any cancer and SNP rs3746444 associated with miR499 can cause both prostate and gastric cancer.
Bioremediation of textile disperse dyes using white-Rot fungi Trametes gibbosa and Trametes versicolor
(UMT Lahore, 2023-09-09) M. HUSNAIN RAZA; NOOR FATIMA; WARRAH KHAN
The increasing production of different dyes and pigments raises environmental concerns due to their substantial release into aquatic ecosystem. Innovative and affordable methods are required to reduce the negative impacts. Disperse dyes, frequently used in textile dyeing processes, present a particular challenge because of their recalcitrant nature. With an emphasis on wastewater effluent treatment, white-rot fungi Trametes gibbosa and Trametes versicolor are used for bioremediation of disperse textile dyes. Through redox reactions and radical production mechanisms, white-rot fungi, which are known for producing ligninolytic enzymes, offer a potential route for the breakdown of disperse dyes. T. gibbosa and T. versicolor, both were cultured on PDA, YBD and Nutrient agar and broth media. Optimization of various factors for optimal growth have been performed. T. versicolor gave optimal growth at 28 oC temperature, pH 6 and yeast extract combined with beef extract as nitrogen source. T. gibbosa gave optimal growth at 30 oC temperature, pH 6 and beef extract as nitrogen source. The comparison of growth of both fungi under optimal conditions was also made. The growth of biomass of T. gibbosa found out to be faster than T. versicolor at optimal conditions. After the production of biomass, disperse Red-I and disperse Blue-I and textile wastewater were added to observe efficiency of biodegradation of both fungi. The efficiency of dye degradation was assessed visually and by using, UV-visual spectrophotometry to quantify dye concentration reduction over time. Dye degradation potential of T. versicolor was found out to be much higher than T. gibbosa. As maximum degradation by T. gibbosa was in 0.02% of DR1 solution of (1.56 to 2.98 during 6 days) while 0.05% solution maximally degraded by T. versicolor (0.02 to -0.11 during 3 days). In DB1 solutions and wastewater, absorbance values started at different points but ended up similar for all different dilutions (-0.07 for DB1 and 0.18 for wastewater). While maximum degradation with T. gibbosa for DB1 was at 0.01% dilution (0.22 to 2.87 during 6 days) and for wastewater 2% solution was maximally degraded in 6 days with values from 0.61 to 0.84. Degradation potential of T. gibbosa started slowing down as higher concentrations were reached. However, efficiency of both fungi was found out to be more than 80%. The potential of degradation of both fungi in wastewater treatment can be further maximized to reduce environmental impact.
Computational analysis of neem plant (Azadirachta indica) as mosquito repellent
(UMT Lahore, 2023-11-23) GHULAM RUBANI
This study was designed for identification of phytochemicals as potential drug candidates targeting five proteins (odorant binding protein, Sterol carrier protein-2 like-3, Carboxypeptidase, Glutathione Transferase, Pyruvate kinase) of Mosquito used in our study. We used online tools to obtain the protein’s structure. Some online servers and tools are RCSB PDB (For getting the 3d structure of the protein), NCBI (For saving protein’s FASTA format), Chimera 1.15 (For the preparation of protein), Discovery Studio Visualizer (Tool used for visualization of protein complexes). Neem plant contain different phytochemicals that can inhabit or kill mosquito. The protein that we use in our study are odorant binding protein, Sterol carrier protein-2 like-3, Carboxypeptidase, Glutathione Transferase, Pyruvate kinase. Maximum phytochemical shows their effect against all five proteins used in our study. Promising results were find out, phytochemicals Nimbaflavone, Gedunin and Rutin show promising result for Odorant binding protein. Phytochemicals Nimolinone, Meliantriol, Quercetin and Rutin show promising result for Sterol carrier protein-2 like-3 chain A. Meldenin, Nimbaflavone, Meliantriol and Rutin show promising result for Carboxipeptidase protein. Similarly, Meliantriol and Rutin show encouraging result for Glutathione Transferase protein. Azadirachtol, Nimbaflavone and rutin show favourable result for Pyruvate Kinase protein. Rutin is the most prominent phytochemical in this study because it shows promising result against all the mosquito proteins.
Computational analysis of variants of uncertain significance of pus7 gene
(UMT Lahore, 2023-09-14) GHOSIA NOREEN; SHAHBAZ AHMAD; NIDA NADEEM
Intellectual disability is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by mental retardation, limitations in the cognitive abilities and adaptive functioning of an individual. It is caused by mutations in PUS7 gene which is present on chromosome 7 of human genome encoding protein pseudo uridine Synthase. The enzyme catalyzes the conversion of Uridine into Pseudo uridine during the transcriptional process which stabilizes the RNA as part of post-transcriptional modification. In this study, we applied in-silico analysis to predict the most deleterious missense and splice site mutations in PUS7 gene and their impact on stability, function, post translational modification of pseudouridine synthase. For that purpose, a variety of bioinformatics tools based on different algorithms were utilized. CADD and MetaSNP were used to analyze diseased missense variants. Moreover, PTM analysis was by using ScanProsite which showed three variants lying in those regions. CADD and MetaSNP tools were used to predict pathogenic variants. Out of 217 missense variants, 38 variants were considered pathogenic by both the missense tools. The splice site analysis was performed on 39 variants left after CADD analysis by using spice and splice AI. Moreover, PTM analysis was by using ScanProsite which showed three variants p.Ile352Thr, p.Tyr330Cys and p.Thr299Lys lying in those regions. Out these only one variant is observed on the exposed part of the protein i.e., p. Tyr330Cys. These findings can be very helpful for scientists in the future as they can directly target these mutations in order to produce certain medications and drugs.
Extraction of Cannabis sativa flavonoid (Orientin) and their antimicrobial activity
(UMT Lahore, 2023-08-29) MOMNA ZAHID; LARAIB MEHBOOB; MUHAMMAD MANHAB HABIB; FAIZA QAISAR DAR
Cannabis sativa is a predominant medicinal herb which originates from the region of Central Asia. The leaf and root extracts of C. sativa was prepared by using different solvents such as ethanol, methanol, water and ascorbic acid. C. sativa contains a variety of phytoconstituents such as terpenes, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins and phenols which executes different biological properties. It performs many biological activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiepileptic and anti-coagulant activity. These biological activities of C. sativa are most effective to contribute in the field of medicine and health for treating various infections and diseases. Due to the significance of flavonoids in exhibiting antimicrobial activity, the flavonoids are targeted for extraction from C. sativa. Among flavonoids, we targeted the identification of orientin which plays role in the antimicrobial activity of C. sativa. The qualitative phytochemical screening of ethanol, methanol, water and ascorbic acid extracts was performed to test the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, phenols, flavonoids and saponins. Flavonoids were present 90 % in ethanol extract. Saponins were present 90 % in water extract. Phenols were present 90 % in ascorbic acid extract and cardiac glycosides were present 90 % in methanol extract. All extracts showed negative results for the presence of alkaloids. The quantitative phytochemical analysis for total phenolic content and total flavonoid content indicated the highest total phenolic content in ethanol extract and lowest in water extract as the absorbance values were 0.284 and 0.162, respectively. The total flavonoid content was most abundant in methanol extract as its absorbance value was 2.256. Our study examines the antimicrobial potential of flavonoids against several selected strains of bacteria which includes Proteus spp., Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia spp., Providencia spp. and Serratia spp.. The antimicrobial activity of all extracts was determined by Agar disk diffusion method. This study suggested that ascorbic acid extract showed maximum antimicrobial activity against all selected strains of bacteria as compared to ethanol, methanol and water extract. The ascorbic acid extract showed highest antimicrobial activity against E. coli as their zone measurement value was 31 mm and lowest antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella spp. as their zone measurement value was 7 mm. The antibiotic ciprofloxacin was used as a positive control in order to measure the antimicrobial efficacy of C. sativa extracts. The extracts showed effective antimicrobial activity in comparison to antibiotic which means C. sativa has potential to replace antimicrobial drugs. The phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of all extracts was performed for the identification of flavonoids and orientin. The results of phytochemical analysis were positive for the presence of flavonoids and other compounds such as phenols and cardiac glycosides. This gives us information for the presence of orientin which is a glycosylated flavone, belongs to the class of flavonoids. Later, it was confirmed through GC-MS analysis that flavonoids as well as orientin was present in leaf extracts of C. sativa.
Identification of HUB genes from microarray and RNAseq datasets of localized prostate cancer and their interaction with FDA approved drugs.
(UMT Lahore, 2023-08-11) AMAN NIHAL; AKIF BURHAN; AFEERA FAROOQ
Prostate cancer is a cancer that occurs in the prostate gland. It is one of the common types of cancer in males as it affects one in seven men. In our study we aimed to identify hub genes that have a role to play in the occurrence of cancer and to analyze their interaction levels with FDA approved drugs. To those means we used microarray datasets GSE46602 (36 PCa patients and 14 controls), GSE69223 (15 PCa patients and 15 controls), GSE30994 (3 PCa patients and 3 controls) and a RNA seq dataset GSE104131 (16 PCa patients and 16 controls). By taking a bioinformatics approach we were able to identify ten hub genes (CAV1, GSTM3, GSTM4, CYP3A5, PRKCA. GJA1, PGR, S100A6, ACSS3 and AOX1). We took forward the top 3 of these genes and docked them with the FDA approved drugs we selected after screening them. We achieved docking results with Bicalutamide, Estramustine, Enzalutamide, Rucaparib, Olaparib, Apalutamide and Darolutamide. We were able to conclude that the identified hub genes all have potential to act as biomarkers for localized prostate cancer, and that GSTM4 can be considered as a useful element in the prognosis of prostate cancer based on its significant interaction with the FDA approved drugs.
In-silico designing of bi-functional enzyme constructs (cellulase and xylanase) for enhanced hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass
(UMT Lahore, 2023) MUSHARRAF HUSSAIN SAHAR; ALISHBA SAIF; AYESHA IFTIKHAR
Current biological techniques for breaking down lignocellulosic biomass face challenges due to slow enzymatic degradation. A particular challenge in cellulose degradation is the presence of hemicellulose chains intertwined with cellulose fibrils, hindering overall cellulose hydrolysis. Moreover, hemicellulose is a polymer of various sugars valuable for product synthesis. Efficient hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass necessitates breaking down nearly all its components into constituent monosaccharides. This study focuses on computationally designing bifunctional fusion enzymes combining cellulase and xylanase, connected by flexible and rigid linkers while preserving enzyme functionality. Four constructs were designed, and their 3D structures, folding patterns, and molecular interactions with respective substrates were evaluated. The structural characteristics and molecular interactions of individual, unbound enzymes were also analyzed for comparison. Among the four fusion constructs, (Cell-Xyl)flx, with cellulase at the N-terminus and xylanase at the C-terminus, linked by the flexible linker (GGGS)3, emerged as the optimal choice. It exhibited proper folding, ideal substrate binding to enzymatic domains, maximal molecular interactions with substrates, and higher binding affinity values with both glucan (-7.9kcal/mol) and xylan (-9.2kcal/mol) substrates. Additionally, the nucleotide sequence of the fusion construct was underwent the codon adaptation by JCat tool and in silico cloning of this fusion construct into the pET28a(+) vector resulted in stable expression without altering the amino acid sequence. These findings highlight the effectiveness of computational strategies in designing and molecularly examining various fusion constructs, considering structural parameters, substrate binding, and molecular interactions. Once validated through wet-lab experiments, these ideal constructs hold significant potential for enhancing lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis into fermentable sugars.
In-silico designing of Bi-functional enzyme constructs (Cellulase and βGlucosidase) for enhanced hydrolysis of Lignicellulosic biomass
(UMT Lahore, 2023-09-12) MUHAMMAD NASIR HUSSAIN; SIDRA NAZIR; BEHZAD ANWAR
The rapid depletion of fossil fuels and the escalating environmental concerns have fueled the exploration of renewable energy sources, such as lignocellulosic biomass, for biofuel production. The hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars is a critical step in this process, and enzymatic approaches using cellulase and beta-glucosidase enzymes have shown promise. However, the suboptimal catalytic efficiency and synergistic interactions between these enzymes limit the hydrolysis yield. This thesis presents an innovative approach to enhance the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass by employing in silico design of bifunctional enzyme constructs. The genetic sequences responsible for cellulase from Bacillus altitudinis and β-glucosidase from Periconia sp. were combined through fusion and subsequently introduced for expression within E. coli K12 bacterial strain. This fusion enzyme was stable at 60 °C for 2 h. Molecular docking simulations were utilized to predict potential binding sites and interactions between the enzymes, enabling the identification of suitable fusion points. Optimum pH for both cellulase and β-glucosidase activities was found to be 6.0. Optimum temperature for cellulase and β-glucosidase activities was found to be 60-65°C, respectively. In future, the docked complexes of stable fusion constructs would be evaluated using molecular dynamic simulations to assess conformational stability in dynamic environment. Combining cellulase and β-glucosidase makes it easier to channel one enzyme's output as a substrate to the other, improving the total efficiency of biomass hydrolysis. Therefore, these fusion enzymes might be useful in industrial applications.
In-silico identification of potential phytochemicals against selected proteins involved in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
(UMT Lahore, 2023-08-11) Aiman Yaseen; Anam Imtiaz; Safa Adrees; Waqar Anwar
Due to the highly malignant nature of Pancreatic cancer, it is considered as one of the deadliest cancers. Only 5% of patients survive this gastrointestinal malignancy. This cancer has been diagnosed at later stages, mostly 90% spread and metastasized. There is a tiring need to study the underlying mechanism responsible for progression of the disease. There are many proteins that overexpress during this disease. The proteins which were taken into consideration in this study are LIF, NEK, PPP1CA, KLK8. Common mechanisms shared by these proteins are cell proliferation, differentiation, invasiveness, and metastasis. Existing options include surgical resection of infected areas, chemotherapeutic drugs, some combinational therapies as well. There are many drugs which are in phase I and II, some of which are showing better results and some need deeper consideration. The selected proteins were considered as targets and against them potential anti-cancer drugs have been identified. These drugs will inhibit the function of these proteins through which the cancer progresses. Piroxicam was identified as a novel anti-LIF and anti-KLK8 drug. Boeravinone B was identified as a potential inhibitor for NEK7 and PPP1CA.
Integrative network analysis to identify hub genes in metastatic prostate cancer
(UMT Lahore, 2023-02-16) Asma Muhammad Mumtaz; Atiqa Iftikhar; Faria Faran; Rimsha Hamid Mehmood
Metastatic prostate cancer is the leading cause of prostate cancer related deaths in men around the globe. We performed a detailed bioinformatic analysis to identify the genes involved in the metastasis of the prostate cancer. After identifying the prominent genes that may be involved in metastatic mechanism, we identified purposable drugs, targeting those genes. We identified DEGs using GEO databases. The DEGs thus obtained were validated using TCGA datasets available at GEPIA and TACCO databases. About 14 genes were found to be common in all three databases i.e., GEO, GEPIA and TACCO. Furthermore, we performed GO and KEGG enrichment analyses using DAVID database. PPI-network was constructed using STRINGS software. This network was then analyzed using Cytoscape software. Two plug-ins which were already present in CytoHubba were used for this purpose. The plug-in CytoHubba was used for identifying hub genes and the plug-in MCODE was used for the formation of clusters. Among top 10 hub genes, four genes, ADCYS, PRKG1, ESPR1 and RBFOX2, were present in 2 MCODE clusters. These 4 genes were then used as targets to identify suitable drugs from 3 databases, CMap, DrugBank and TTD. The results identified potential drugs against ADCYS and PRKG1 genes. The effectiveness of the drugs against these two genes were then analyzed by performing Molecular Docking using MOE software.
Isolation and characterization of bacteria from soil samples and their role in plant growth promotion
(UMT Lahore, 2023-08-31) Rafiah Kanwal; Maheen Rehan; Eisha Naveed; Muqadas Fatima
Soil enormous microbial diversity influences soil fertility and crop health through nutrient recycling and organic matter degradation. Our study aimed to 1) Isolate and purify bacteria from rhizosphere soil samples, 2) Morphological, biochemical characterization, and identification of isolated bacteria and 3) Determining plant growth promoting capability of identified bacterial isolates. Seven bacteria, three from mint soil and four from lettuce rhizospheric soil, were isolated, purified, and characterized. Gram staining, endospore staining, and acid fast staining performed along with ten different biochemical tests for bacterial identification. Plant growth promoting potential of isolates was determine by their growth on Pikovskaya’s agar medium and by plant microbe interaction experiment. Isolate Mnt1 showed phosphate solubilization ability. Isolate Mnt1 and Ltc4 showed the maximum increase in zea mays plant growth compared to the control and other isolates application. Based on the results, isolate 1M has plant growth promoting potential that can be utilized to enhance crop yield at commercial scale. It can be used to produce effective biofertilizers of economic importance. Isolate Mnt1 showed increased plant width by 80% and Ltc4 showed 44% increased weight. Moreover, Isolate Mnt2 showed negative impact and reduced plant growth, reduced plant’s weight by 53%.
Isolation and characterization of mercury resistant bacteria from waste water.
(UMT Lahore, 2023-02-03) Muhammad Ihtasham Mughal; Shahzara Irshad
Mercury (Hg) is one of the most toxic heavy metals found on earth, and has significantly reported as a contaminant from industrial and agricultural activities. Its release in the environment has led to extreme toxicity to all life forms. Various strategies like physico-chemical techniques have been proposed for Hg removal; bioremediation has proved to be most promising among all. This study focuses on the isolation of Hg resistant bacteria from Ravi River samples. Several biochemical tests were performed like gram staining, catalase, oxidase, sugar fermentation, antibiotic resistance, and motility test. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined to screen the isolate resisting highest selected concentration of Hg. Salt tolerance and pH tolerance tests were also performed. Metal reduction analysis was also run to determine the reduction ability of the isolates for 1100ppm Hg. Hg4, Hg6 and Hg7 were selected due to their higher MIC, salt tolerance, and pH values along with greater potential to reduce Hg2+ to Hg0. In future, these isolates are to be taken towards molecular identification followed by field experiments.
Isolation and characterization of oil degrading bacteria from oil contaminated sites
(UMT Lahore, 2023-08-31) ZOHAA YASIN; SARA AFZAL; NOOR UL AIN
Crude oil spills wreak havoc on both land and water, poisoning soil, rivers and oceans. So, in this case Bioremediation is a promising option which uses nature's ability to break down pollutants. Oil-eating bacteria and other specialized microorganisms are used to break down oil molecules into harmless byproducts. This natural decomposition process reduces the long-term environmental damage caused by oil pollution. A total of 7 bacterial isolates were obtained from mechanic shop soil in this study. These isolates were characterized and further studied to evaluate their ability to break down crude oil and enhance plant growth. Bacteria were cultivated in minimal salt media (MSM), with crude oil as the main carbon source. Morphological and biochemical analysis was performed on the isolated bacteria. Bacterial growth was monitored by measuring optical density, which increased over time. The results of this investigation emphasize the valuable potential of oil-degrading bacteria in bioremediation techniques and sustainable agricultural practices. Furthermore, the presence of these oil-degrading bacteria did not adversely affect the growth of plants but supported it. Thus, we can say this study highlights the synergy between ecological restoration and plant growth, offering a holistic approach to addressing both environmental and agricultural challenges. By harnessing the natural strengths of these bacteria, it is possible to reduce hydrocarbon pollution as well as restore agricultural productivity and soil health.
Isolation and growth optimization of chromium resistance bacteria from wastewater
(UMT Lahore, 2023-02-03) Iqra Sohail; Nimrah Khaliq; Saifullah Malik; Javairia Aslam
The current study was aimed at the isolation of bacteria that is resistant to Chromium from industrial wastewater. As industries are increasing day by day, different environmental risks associated with them are also increasing. The major environmental risk associated with industries is the discharge of effluents containing heavy metals. Cr (VI) is one of the most toxic from of chromium and contamination of this metal poses a threat to the environment. In this study strains of different bacteria were isolated from the dye industry effluents. A total of 6-gram positive heavy metals resistant strains were isolated. By biochemical characterization different chromium resistant strains were identified. The bio sorption capacity of these strains for chromium was conducted at a concentration of 0.25mM. At different concentrations of chromium, all the strains showed different MIC and growth range which indicates that all the strains have different Cr resistance. Among all the selected bacterial strains MC3 and MC4 showed maximum chromium reduction ability in a short period of time. At MIC of 6mM, MC3 showed an optical density of 0.2 at a wavelength of 600nm while MC4 showed an optical density of 0.23 at 600nm. The strain MC3 reduced 1.6 to 0.4 of Cr (VI) at an OD of 540nm in a four- hour time period while the strain MC4 reduced Cr (IV) from 1.05 to 0.42 at an OD of 540nm in a four-hour time period. The Cr (VI) reduction ability of these strains showed that the strains MC3 and MC4 can probably be used for bioremediation of Chromium.
Level of knowledge, attitude and risk factors of covid-19 among pakistani population
(UMT Lahore, 2023-02-14) Iqra Shahbaz; Fiza Nadeem; Mariam Nadeem; Nishat
Coronavirus is one of the pandemic disease spread worldwide on 20 May 2020 confirmed by the World Health Organization, caused by (SARS-CoV-2). It causes respiratory tract or intestinal infection. Initially, the first case of coronavirus was observed on 19 Dec 2019, in the city of China Wuhan, and later globally that’s why it is called Covid-19. The current study was aimed at the level of knowledge, attitude and risk factors of covid-19 among Pakistani population: a cross sectional study. We conducted a survey on google form. A questionnaire of total 27 questions which include demographics, knowledge, attitude and practices Total 400 responses were collected both online and physical. Among the respondent’s female were outnumbered than male participants. This survey revealed that people had good knowledge, positive attitude and good practices toward COVID-19 pandemic. Respiratory diseases are Major risk factor of COVID-19 infection. Public Education, income status and lifestyle also related to the knowledge and perception about COVID-19. There is further need to educate the public and spread awareness about COVID-19 and to improve the public hospitals and health care services in order to enhance prevention strategies among the general population of Pakistan.
Microbiological analysis of coliform bacteria in drinking water from public filtration plants and restaurants in johar town, lahore
(UMT Lahore, 2023-10-05) ARIBA NASIR; RANA NABEEL
The purpose of the current study was to detect fecal coliform and total coliform in public filtration plants (PFP) and restaurant’s tap water from different areas of Johar Town, Lahore. A total of n=10 water samples were collected including 5 from PFP and 5 from restaurants. Samples were collected from different areas of Johar Town using standard microbiological procedures and were examined for colony forming unit/ml and most probable number of bacteria. The presence of fecal coliform was not detected from both types of water resources. Results showed that 6 out of 10 samples were positive for coliform bacteria including 2 from public filtration plants and the remaining 4 from tap water of restaurants. High MPN value was observed in sample number 6 of restaurant water that was much higher as compared to the value set by the microbial standards of drinking water which is <50/100ml for total coliform and <0.0/100ml for fecal coliform. Our research concluded that restaurant water was more contaminated as compared to public filtration plant water.
Phenotypic characterization of MBL enzymes in urinary tract infection causing pathogens
(UMT Lahore, 2023-09-25) MARWA ABBAS; WANIA MANSOOR; RAHIMA RANA; HARIS ABBAS
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common bacterial infection. UTIs are one of the most frequent bacterial infections in the entire world, affecting people of all ages and genders. Epidemiological data regarding UTIs can vary depending on the region, population demographics, healthcare access, and reporting practices. Metallo-β-lactamase is an enzyme that is resistant towards most of the antibiotics particularly among gram negative bacteria. In the current research study, the glycerol stocks of bacterial isolates were obtained from Life Science Laboratory, University of management and technology, Lahore and the culture was refreshed and screened on agar plates for MBL production. The antimicrobial resistivity was detected by using disc diffusion methods against meropenem in presence or absence of EDTA. MBL producers was identified and differentiated through biochemical testing. Furthermore, for the purpose of statistical analysis Graph pad prism software was used in this study which Chi-square test. In the current study, the species prevalent in the provided bacterial isolates of the suspected UTI patients were Klebsiella spp. (100%). Out of the total bacterial isolates (n=25), 3 were confirmed to be MBL producers. Percentages of MBL producing isolates were lower in males (8.33%) as compared to females (15.3%) and distribution was statistically non-significant (P=0.587).
Prevalence and risk factors of tuberculosis in Punjab, Pakistan
(UMT Lahore, 2023) MARYAM BATOOL; M. RIZWAN; ARIBA
Myco-bacterium tuberculosis (M.TB), which is an acid-fast rod-size microbe with dimensions of 0.8–5 m and 0.2–0.6 m, is the bacillus that causes tuberculosis (TB), a contagious bacterial disease. Although it mostly effects the lungs (pulmonary TB), extra pulmonary TB may impact other areas and is communicated by air. The lungs and other human organs are damaged by this illness. The overall goal of the study is to ascertain non-medical students' knowledge and attitudes regarding tuberculosis. For this study's descriptive narrative design, we employed a straightforward questionnaire to assess non-medical students' knowledge and attitudes towards tuberculosis. The research sample was divided in the area of Punjab, Pakistan. According to the study's findings, households are significantly burdened financially by tuberculosis, their incomes significantly fall as a result, it negatively affects welfare, and it sucks up scarce public resources. Deaths from TB cause a family and, consequently, the country, to permanently lose money and human resources. Tuberculosis remains one of the largest threats to global public health. Early detection and timely treatment are key components of the most effective control regimens. Africa continues to struggle with a lack of awareness of the condition while having one of the highest rates of TB in the world, which makes it challenging to put control measures into place. When they exhibit TB symptoms, the majority of the participants do not go to health centers since there is little awareness of the disease and little instructional information about it. In countries with a high prevalence of TB, it is imperative to take advantage of every opportunity to increase public knowledge of the disease. The research suggests that some described practices appeared likely that they had a detrimental impact on TB control and prevention. Communities should be reinforced in their capacity to adopt behaviors that will help prevent and control TB.
Prevalence of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in patients of the lahore region
(UMT Lahore, 2023) ADEEBA ASLAM; RIDA ATHER; SUNDAS AROOJ AFSHAN
Tuberculosis disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a microorganism first discovered by Robert Koch. This bacterium has the ability to interfere the normal functioning of immune system. It causes pulmonary and extra pulmonary Tuberculosis in infected persons. For the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis, different methods are used such as Acid-fast staining, tuberculin skin test, polymerase chain reaction and culture. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has evolved. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex includes many species that cause disease such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes Tuberculosis in humans, Mycobacterium africanum causes TB in African regions only while in domestic animals: Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium caprae, Mycobacterium bovis, etc. In Pakistan, limited data is present on the prevalence of mutated rpoB genes, so Xpert M. tuberculosis/RIF assay is used to study these mutations. Correct detection of mutated rpoB genes is important as it is required for the correct diagnosis of resistance of RIF in M. tuberculosis strains. The recent study is based on 200 patients out of which 173 patients are clinically diagnosed. It is aimed to examine the Prevalence of Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Patients of Lahore region. Different tests were performed on the samples taken from 200 patients which include sputum test, GeneXpert test were performed. Furthermore, for the purpose of statistical analysis different software were used in this study which include ANOVA, Chi-square, Graphpad prism, etc. were used. According to study males (age group: 51-60) were significantly infected with Tuberculosis. As well as patients of age group 51-60 were more likely to have pulmonary tuberculosis with significant P-value of 0.016. But regarding to gender WHO and MDR programs are ensuring the prevention and control of TB by applying some strategies to control multi-drug resistance applying the DOT Plus strategies.

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