2019

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Analysis of phytochemicals as inhibitors against neuraminidase (NA) from influenza virus a H1N1 (PDM09) using molecular docking.
(UMT Lahore, 2019) AFIA NADEEM
Influenza virus commonly known as swine flu is well known virus which is infecting large number of population globally. It becomes threat to human lives. Phytochemicals are used to cope virus related, and other infectious diseases in people. The purpose of study is base on to known about phytochemicals which is used to treat influenza virus A Neuraminidase (pdm09). Total 105 phytochemicals were docked from which fourteen have binding affinity -6.3kcal/mol or more. Out of these fourteen phytochemicals only three showed good inhibitory effect on influenza A virus Neuraminidase. This study was based on computer based drug development software against Neuraminidase protein of Human Influenza A virus (pdm09). Molecular Docking is used to calculate binding affinities of phytochemicals.
Analysis of phytochemicals as inhibitors against neuraminidase (NA) from influenza virus a H1N1 (pdm09) using molecular docking.
(UMT Lahore, 2019) AFIA NADEEM
Influenza virus commonly known as swine flu is well known virus which is infecting large number of population globally. It becomes threat to human lives. Phytochemicals are used to cope virus related, and other infectious diseases in people. The purpose of study is base on to known about phytochemicals which is used to treat influenza virus A Neuraminidase (pdm09). Total 105 phytochemicals were docked from which fourteen have binding affinity -6.3kcal/mol or more. Out of these fourteen phytochemicals only three showed good inhibitory effect on influenza A virus Neuraminidase. This study was based on computer based drug development software against Neuraminidase protein of Human Influenza A virus (pdm09). Molecular Docking is used to calculate binding affinities of phytochemicals.
Analysis of the common region between begomoviral cognate DNA-A and DNA-B genomic components
(UMT Lahore, 2019) Muhammad Kashif Rehman
Begomoviruses belong to a plant pathogenic viral family “Geminiviridae”. Geminiviruses contain single-stranded circular DNA (ssDNA) nucleic acid ranging from 2.5 to 5.2 kb genome. Begomovirus is the largest genus in the family recognized with >409 species. The virus is transmitted through whitefly. The genome of begomovirus may be monopartite or bipartite. Monopartite begomoviruses have DNA-A component associated with (alpha and beta) satellite complexes, whereas bipartite begomoviruses have two components (DNA-A and DNA-B). The DNA-A has four open reading frames (ORFs), in the complementary stand, known as C1, C2, C3 and C4 and two ORFs, on the virion strand, known as V1 and V2. The DNA-B have two genes BV1 and BC1. According to genomic organization bipartite begomoviruses having AV2 protein are old world (OW) and begomoviruses without AV2 protein are new world (NW). The DNA-B depends upon DNA-A for viral replication. The Rep play a key role in rolling circle replication. The trans-replication can occurs between the DNA-A and its cognate DNA-B components. A common region (CR) exists between the DNA-A and DNA-B of bipartite begomoviruses. Iterons are conserved DNA sequences located in the CR at origin of replication. Iteron related domain (IRD) is an amino acid sequence present in the N-terminal of Replication initiator (Rep) protein. The iterons are the Rep binding regions/sites present in the CR. Generally CR has >85% (in another report as >90%) nucleotide sequence identity between the DNA-A and DNA-B genomic components. Previous reports have analyzed 93 begomovirus species with 11 iteron cores. In our study, 13 iterons cores covering 113 bipartite begomoviral species have been identified. Furthermore, IRD recognizing multiple iteron cores have been studied. The in-filed pseudo recombination reports have also been analyzed in the context with the CR.
Blood spatter analysis on different types of fabrics of Pakistan
(UMT Lahore, 2019) Khansa Ahmad Khan
The study of textiles damage is an immensely valuable resource in the criminal examination that is used to find a way to resolve the stabbing cases, shooting cases and rape allegations. It also can overcome arson threats and "acid assaults." Here, the literature is reviewed to examine work on blunt force impact, stabbing and slashing wounds, the occurrence of proof forgery in sexual attacks, projectile harm, and the effect of decomposition on textile damage, amongst many others. It is evident there is a shortage of work in the field, but when the study was done, it was insightful and meaningful. Nevertheless, there are fields where more research is required, such as a thorough analysis of usual wear and tear, and ability of additives to inflict harm to textiles. This research deals with blood pattern analysis on 6 different fabrics that are most common in Pakistan. Almost 8 patterns were applied on these 6 fabrics to analyze bloodstain radius, diameter, width, height, length, angle of impact and area. These all parameters were studied on both laundry and brand new fabric to analyze differences in results. It was observed that bloodstains cover most of area on laundry fabric as compared to brand new fabric. Blood drop sizes were also observed that was different according to height. Absorbance factor of fabrics were also checked and it was observed that net had high absorbance factor.
Case-control association study of elmo1 variant (rs741301) with diabetic nephropathy in population of lahore, pakistan
(UMT Lahore, 2019) Arshia Arooj
Diabetic Nephropathy is a polygenic and multifactorial disease. It is caused by various environmental and genetic factors. rs741301 is a single nucleotide polymorphism which is located on intronic region of ELMO1 gene. ELMO1 gene is residing on 7p14.2 region of chromosome. Several genome-wide association studies found the association between rs741301 and diabetic nephropathy in multiple different populations. The purpose of this research was to study the association of rs741301 with diabetic nephropathy in population of Lahore, Pakistan. 50 irrelevant subjects who include 25 physician diagnosed patients and 25 controls were enrolled from Lahore, Pakistan. PCI method was used for extraction of DNA, the region of DNA containing rs741301 SNP was amplified by monoplex PCR. In both controls and cases genotyping were performed through mini-sequencing method. PLINK software was used for the association analysis through recessive, dominant and allelic genotyping model. Our results shows that the SNP (rs741301) has significant association with diabetic nephropathy under recessive model (p = 0.046, CHISQ = 3.967). Whereas the genotype “GG” more prevalent in cases as well as the genotype “AA” is also more prevalent in cases as compared to controls. In our study, result showed that allele ‘G’ of rs741301 is significantly associated with DN in our population. In our study association of ELMO1gene with Diabetic nephropathy has been reported.
Computer aided investigation and molecular docking of phytochemicals as inhibitors against brain-eating amoeba (Naegleria fowleri)
(UMT Lahore, 2019) Saman
Naegleria fowleri is pathogenic for humans. This infection grows very fast and causes the neural damage of the patient. Phytochemicals are acknowledged to have high potential to eradicate bacterial, parasitical and viral infections in human beings. Phytochemicals have been used for the cure of infections in human for long-time and these phytochemicals produce naturally in Pakistan. It was found that from them only Prenylicoflavone A, Phinflavanone and 3a-dihydrocadambine showed effective result for Calcineurin B (Nfa 2 gene). IsoangustoneA, PrenylicoflavoneA and Shinflavanone showed effective results for Hemerythrin like protein (Nfa 1 gene). Prenylicoflavone A can be the best candidate to use as a drug for N. fowleri infection because this phytochemical showed significant binding affinity both for Nfa 1 and Nfa 2 gene. Nfa 2 showed greater binding affinity value than Nfa 1 confirming that Nfa 2 is a good target for drugs than Nfa 1. This study was designed at computer based drug development software against Hemerythrin like protein (Nfa 1 gene) and Calcineurin B (Nfa 2 gene) of N. fowleri. Molecular docking based analysis was performed to describe the binding affinities of different phytochemicals.
Computer aided investigation of phytochemicals as inhibitors against hemagglutinin protein of human influenza a (PDM09) by collecting and screening phytochemicals, and molecular docking
(UMT Lahore, 2019) KAFILA KOUSAR
H1N1 (pdm09) have become a severe warning to human lives. Phytochemicals are acknowledged to have high potential to eliminate viral, bacterial and fungal-borne infections in human being. These have been used for the cure of several pathologies in human for long-time and produce naturally in Pakistan. It was found that from them only JacarelhyperolA, JacarelhyperolB, Oroxin B, 7-O-galloylsilybin showed the effective results.This study was designed at computer based drug development softwares against hemagglutinin protein of Human Influenza A virus (pdm09). The molecular docking based analysis was carried out to describe the binding affinities of these phytochemicals.
Computer-aided analysis of phytochemicals as potential inhibitor against NS5B protein of HCV based on ADMET properties and molecular docking
(UMT Lahore, 2019) Noor Ul Saba
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has turned into an extreme risk to human lives. Phytochemicals are acknowledged to can possibly dispense with viral, bacterial and fungal borne contaminations in individual. They have been utilized for the cure of several diseases in human for long-term and produce naturally in Pakistan. This research was designed at in silico drug advancement resistant to HCV nonstructural protein NS5B. The ADMET studies and molecular docking based examination was done to describe the binding affinities of these phytomedicines. Out of total 107 phytochemicals from different therapeutic plants, 23 were carefully chosen for pan genotypic analysis i.e. Isopomiferin, Silydianin B, Silydianin, Anthraxin, Silybin B, Silybin C, Schizolaenone B, Silybin A, Silybin D, Derrisin, Taxifolin, Isomangostin, Hydroxymunduserone, Lycopene, SigmoidinC, Robustone, Sigmoidin B, Abyssinone V, Osajin, Euchrenone B, Sigmoidin A, Erycristagallin, and Paprarine. They exhibited binding affinities higher than that of the threshold value -7.9 cal/mol of sofosbuvir against HCV NS5B. Potential HCV inhibitors can be improved by carrying the in vitro and in vivo examination of these twenty three compounds.
Discovery of inhibitory potential of phytochemicals against NS1 protein of influenza a virus subtype H3N2
(UMT Lahore, 2019) RAMISHA BINT E NASIR
Influenza A virus, is the cause of a very viral disease, influenza in birds and also in some of the mammals, and if noticed, is the only species of influenza virus A genus of the Orthomyxoviridae. The Influenza A virus seems to be the the leading cause of seasonal epidemic and pandemic influenza globally. Influenza A viruses has to be the one that naturally causes infections in humans. Influenza A viruses , that are the part of the H1N1, also H3N2, and rarely, H1N2 subtypes seem to be recently circulating among humans. Interspecies transmission of influenza A(H3N2) viruses has occurred and can result in severe illness, as demonstrated by the transmission of influenza A viruses from birds to humans. The successfully docked compounds that are having very high values for binding affinity and the value of reactivity are reported against the influenza A virus. Drug discovery by using by using computational mechanism has a important role in the recognition of binding sites, the virtual screening of various scompounds libraries and approximation of ligand binding energies. The identified phytochemicals that were observed from various medicinal plants were selected for docking with non-structusral proteins of Influenza A virus. Best docking that were selected characterized on the basis of high binding affinity on the basis of high binding affinity and reactivity against viral proteins. There inhibitors can be analyzed by using them in both vitro and also in in vivo approach to brighten up inhibitory mechanism against NS1 protein of Influenza A virus due to higher bonding affinities and reactivity.
Evaluation of growth stimulator producing Halo-tolerant bacteria for improved plant growth
(UMT Lahore, 2019) Samra Ali Bhatti
Widespread use of chemical fertilizers has adverse impact on soil fertility, another option we have is the bio-fertilizers, and potentials of bio fertilizers would perform a fundamental role in growth and development of plant and also enhance the fertility of the soil. The main aim of our study is the isolation of plant growth promoting halo-tolerant bacteria from high saline area of Pakistan and then performing different screening tests of the isolated bacterial strains for the detection of plant growth stimulator. Bacteria were isolated by making serial dilutions of 10–2, 10–4 and 10–6 of the rhizoshperic soil. L-agar plate supplemented with 1%, 2% and 3% of NaCl, 50µl from each dilution was spread on it at 37 °C for 24 hours. Halo-tolerant bacterial strains were selected on the basis of their morphology. Different biochemical tests were performed for all the bacterial isolates. Citrate test was positive for S-AB 1 and S-AB 2(b). Indole test and methyl-red test was positive only for S-AB 1. Similarly, Voges Proskauer test was positive only for S-AB 1. All the bacterial isolates were able to produce auxin but high auxin production was observed in S-AB 2 (a) followed by S-AB 1, S-AB 2 (b) and then S-AB 3. It can be concluded that halo-tolerant bacterial strains isolated from high saline area were proficient in producing auxin and this quality can be use for selecting them as an efficient PGPR. After further investigation, these bacterial strains offers a good potential to be serve as bio-fertilizers to enhance the yield and growth of major agricultural plants.
Expression of recombinant azurin domain from E.Coli
(UMT Lahore, 2019) SUGHRA BANOID
Azurin is an anticancer protein, which is produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is also called cupredoxin (copper containing protein) having molecular mass 14kDa.It is a water-soluble protein.Whole Azurin domain is 128 amino acid long that helps in electron transport chain during denitrification process. Its p28 domain (molecular mass of 4kDa) is specifically involved in the anticancer activity. p28 due to its small size can be effective in treating cancer. This peptide directly targets on the cancerous cells without damaging any normal cells. This study involves the optimization of IPTG induction, time optimization in LB media, effect of temperature on bacterial growth and optimization of LB,YP and TB media. The results exhibit that the best concentration for the maximum production of transformed BL21 DH3 cells was at 1mM. Best time for the maximum production of transformed cells in LB media was 5 hours and maximum production of cells at different temperatures in TB, YP and LB media were maximum at 37°C. Optimization in three media exhibit that TB media showed maximum growth of transformed cells as compared to the other media.
GC-MS analysis of methanolic extracts of Alcea Setosa (leaves and flowers)
(UMT Lahore, 2019) Aqsa Fayyaz
Plants are the traditional sources for many chemicals used as pharmaceutical biochemical in many countries. Alcea setosa is an ornamental plant which belongs to flowering plant family Malvaceae and commonly known as bristly hollyhock. The flowers and leaves of Alcea setosa are used in treatment of many diseases such as inflammation, stomach ailment and breathing illness. The major aim of study was to investigate the bioactive compounds of Alcea setosa flowers and leaves by GC-MS analysis. The chemical composition of the Methanolic extract of Alcea setosa parts was done by standard protocol using the equipment Clarus 500 Perkin – elmer (Auto system XL) Gas Chromatograph- Mass Spectroscopy. GC-MS analysis of the flower extract revealed the existence of seven compounds after matching the mass spectra with NIST library. While eleven compounds were identified from leaves extract. The major compounds present in flower Methanolic extract were 2-O-(2,2dimethylpropyl) 1-O-(4-methylpentyl) oxalate, 2-ethylhexyl nonyl sulfite, 2,3epoxyhexanol and N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl) dodecanamide. The vital compounds present in leave extract were Spathulenol, Octacosane, Hexanedioic Acid, Dioctyl Ester and Heneicosanoic Acid, Methyl Ester. The components of extracts of Alcea setosa could be responsible for many medicinal and antimicrobial activities.
Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using plumaria alba, their characterization and applications
(UMT Lahore, 2019) Maira Nadeem Dar
In this study CuO NPs were synthesized using Plumaria alba which is a ornamental plant native to united states but can be grown in warm areas. The plant is known for many medicinal purposes and is easily available. The plants were obtained from university grounds and 2% of aqueous extract was made out of it using 6grams in 300 ml of distilled water. The various concentration of extracts was used interact with particular salt solution. The extract concentration was varied with constant salt concentration and vice versa until a point of reaction is obtained. The CuSO4.5H2O solution of 1mM was used in our study. Initially transparent color was observed which was changed to green upon addition of base and finally dark brown after 5 hours of continuous stirring at 200°C and 300 rpm. The NPsolution was stabilized and did not require any external stabilizing agent. . UV analysis for this solution was done which gave sharp peak in the range of 200-300 nm which showed the synthesis of CuO NPs. Later the sample was sent for characterization through SEM and FTIR and results were recorded. The results showed the size of NPs to be of the range of 144nm-266nm and hydroxyl, phenolic, ethyl, methyl and ketonic groups were present. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and catalytic activities were performed. Both catalytic and antioxidant showed positive results but that of antimicrobial showed negative result. This is probably because of large size of nanoparticles.
Green synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles from plumeria rubra and their environmental applications
(UMT Lahore, 2019) Mahwish Javed
Nanobiotechnology is an emerging field that is dominating every study from electronics to biology. Nanoparticles being the core of nanobiotechnology, is able to bring about treatments and cure of diseases which was not possible before because of their extremely small size and large surface area. In the present study, green synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles from Plumeria rubra was followed because of their effectiveness in many ways as no external reducing, capping and stabilizing agents are required. Green synthesis has lowest number of risks as compared to all other synthesis methods like chemical, fungal and bacterial as no chemicals or pathogens are involved in this production method. The characterization, anti-microbial, anti oxidant and catalytic activities of nickel oxide nanoparticles were performed in this study. SEM, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectrophotometer were used for physical characterization of synthesized nanoparticles. The anti-bacterial activity was checked against garm negative bacteria E,coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gram positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. The anti-fungal activity was checked against Aspergillus niger. DPPH radical was used for the analysis of anti-oxidant activity, which gave 73.7% of scavenging activity and methylene blue, Congo red and Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride were used for catalytic activity of nickel oxide nanoparticles. The catalytic activity of nickel oxide nanoparticles was positive against all dyes studied in this research.
Green synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their characterization
(UMT Lahore, 2019) SHANZA LIAQAT
Background in recent study nanotechnology is the emerging field of science in which researchers take great interest in nanoparticles synthesis. Word Nano means “small”. Nanoparticles are very small in size that range from 10-100nm in one dimension. These particles are very reactive and can penetrate in cell easily due to their small size and optical properties. There are various physical, chemical and biological methods for their synthesis. Biological method is mostly use for their synthesis because this method is environment friendly and less toxic and easy. Nanoparticles have great use in the field of physics, chemistry, bio-medical science and agriculture.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from plumeria obtusa and evaluation of their activities
(UMT Lahore, 2019) Mohammad Akber Khan
The present research work deals with the synthetization of silver nanoparticles AgNPs by using the aqueous extract of Plumeria obtusa and monitoring was carried out at regular time intervals utilizing UV–vis spectroscopy. From the experimental analysis, the optimum conditions for AgNPs biosynthesis were found to be 1Mm AgNO3 concentration, 30 minutes sunlight exposure. SEM analysis confirmed the existence of Ag-NPs with average size ranges 81.4nm to 95.5nm. From SEM the silver nanoparticles shape was confirmed which was nanocluster. In addition to this, FTIR analysis and UV Vis was done for characterization. Thus sufficient antioxidant activity was observed in the acquired AgNPs. Ag-NPs give good catalytic activity against Congo red dye, methylene blue and TTC. Silver nanoparticles give antibacterial activity against E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Antifungal activity was also checked.
Insights into inhibitory potential of phytochemicals against farnesyl transferase
(UMT Lahore, 2019) ROSHINA ASIF
Phytochemicals are known to can treat distinctive pathologies in human. Phytochemicals are blend blends made by plants. They are normally found in regular items, vegetables, nuts, vegetables, and grains. Phytochemicals are non-nutritive plant engineered exacerbates that have guarded or affliction defensive properties. These are immaterial enhancements, inferring that these are not required by the human body for supporting life. Phytochemicals are concoction exacerbates that happen normally in plants (phyto implies plant in Greek) just as those presented by their nutrient and mineral substance are believed to be generally in charge of the defensive medical advantages of these plant - based sustenance and drinks. It is eminent that plant makes these manufactured mixtures to verify them yet late asks about demonstrate that they can in like manner pact individuals against afflictions. There are more than thousand known phytochemicals. A segment of the exceptional phytochemicals is lycopene in tomatoes, isoflavones in soy and flavanoids in natural items. Trypanosoma cruzi are the parasitic species of euglenoids. They typically bore tissue in another creature among protozoa and feed on blood and lymph in addition. Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that is transmitted most of the time by triatomine bugs.
Internship at general hospital Lahore
(UMT Lahore, 2019-10-15) Soha Iftikhar
Isolation and characterization of antibiotic producing bacteria from the salt range of Kallar Kahar (Pakistan)
(UMT Lahore, 2019) IQRA KHALID
The Streptomycetes are gram positive bacteria with a filamentous form that present in wide variety of soil including water and plants. Important characteristic of Streptomycetes is the ability to produce secondary metabolites such as antibiotics. The need to produce new antibiotics is to overcome the resistance in pathogens. Streptomyces produce over two-thirds of the clinically useful antibiotics of natural origin (e.g., neomycin and chloramphenicol). A culture collection of 8 Streptomyces strains was isolated from saline soil of Kalar Kahar (Punjab, Pakistan) using stringent methods and was screened biologically and chemically to find their antibacterial activity for the production of antibiotics. In biological screening the extracts obtained from the broth of selected strains were analyzed for their activity against a set of test organisms, including Gram positive, Gram-negative bacteria using agar plug and disk diffusion bioassay methods. The results depicted an impressive antibacterial activity were produced by these strains. Natural sources are abundantly present in nature that is why they got more importance in the discovery of new antibiotics. In the present era, need of new antibiotics discovery has got much importance due to the rapid development of resistance in the previously present antibiotics. Because of increasing microbial resistance to general antibiotics and inability to control infectious disease has given a call for continuous search of novel antibiotics in all over the world.
Isolation and screening of mannanase producing bacterial co-cultures from soil using submerged fermentation
(UMT Lahore, 2019) Sadia Tabassum
Endo-1,4-β-D-mannan mannohydrolase cleaves the backbone of β-1, 4 mannosidic linkages in mannan chains and releases linear/branched oligosaccharides of various length. In plants, mannan is the dominant hemicellulosic polysaccharide having β-1, 4-linked backbone that contains mannose or a mixture of mannose and glucose residues. Mannanase play a vital role in the paper, pulp, food, feed industry, and considered as potential for biofuels production. Besides other sources, microbial mannanase are preferred because the presence of all desired characteristics for industrial applications. This study aims to isolate and screen high potential mannanase producing bacterial strains from soil samples and produce mannanase from bacterial co-culture using submerged fermentation. Minimal agar media was used to isolate mannanase producing bacterial strains. The strains were sub-cultured and preserved on Nutrient agar media. After that, the preserved strains were tested for their compatibility and then were further screened using submerged fermentation. After fermentation, enzyme assay was performed. The strains of bacterial co-culture no.11 shown maximum absorbance at 560 nm were further identified by morphological and biochemical tests. It was shown that the strain 1 of bacterial co-culture no.11 was identified as bacillus rod shape, irregular and was positive for gram staining, Voges Proskauer test and catalase test and negative for endospore staining. As for strain 2, it was observed as cocci and it was positive for gram staining, endospore staining, catalase test and Voges Proskauer test. From this study, it was concluded that strains of bacterial co-culture no.11 can important for the production of mannanase as this co-culture released maximum mannose sugar in the solution. The results need to be confirmed at large scale for statistical analysis.

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