2019
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Item The association of a genetic variant rs1888747 in FRMD3 gene with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in Pakistani population(UMT Lahore, 2019) Hafiza Farkhanda SharifDiabetic Nephropathy is also known as diabetic kidney disease. The major cause of diabetic nephropathy is diabetes. Multiple factors including host and environmental are involved in development of this disease. Genetic factors causing diabetic nephropathy are major concern of geneticist. Many candidate gene and genome wide association studies have proved that gene FRMD3 is highly associated with diabetic nephropathy. FRMD3 gene is located on chromosome 9 at q arm. rs1888747 is a genetic variant of FRMD3 gene, which is located on intronic region of gene is highly studied and reported marker for diabetic nephropathy in various population. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of rs1888747 with diabetic nephropathy in our local population of Lahore, Pakistan. For this study, we enrolled 25 physician diagnosed patients and 25 healthy control from population of Lahore, Pakistan. Genomic DNA was extracted by organic method and visualized on agarose gel. Selected SNP was amplified by monoplex PCR. rs1888747 was genotyped in both cases and controls by using mini sequencing. We find the association of rs1888747 by using dominant, recessive and allelic model. According to dominant model, minor allele “C” is associated with diabetic nephropathy in our local population (p = 0.0247). The genotype “CC” is more prevalent in cases and genotype “GG” is more prevalent in controls as compared to cases. We concluded that allele “C” is associated with diabetic nephropathy in our population but results need to be confirmed on larger scale.Item Study of antimicrobial activity of the extracts obtained from the alcea setosa leaves and flowers(UMT Lahore, 2019) Anwal RazaThe increased resistance of microorganisms to the currently used antimicrobials has led to the evaluation of other agents that might have antimicrobial activity. Medicinal plants are sources of phytochemicals which are able to initiate different biological activities including antimicrobials. The use of medicinal herbs in traditional system of medicine is a common practice in many cultures around the world especially in Asian societies. Alcea setosa plant is belong to a family Malvacae and is found in different regions of the world. The Alcea setosa plant is used to treat cough, chest pain, intestinal inflammation, respiratory diseases, pectoral diseases, wound healing and female urinary system disorders. It flowers and leaves are also used as a skin laxative, demulcent, diuretic and emollient. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial property of Alcea setosa leaves and flowers against certain bacterial strains. The test organism were Bacillus subsitlis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The antimicrobial activity of Alcea setosa was checked by two different methods, the disc diffusion method and dilution method. All the different extracts (methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous) of leaf and flowers exhibited the significant anti-microbial activity against different strains. Results showed that leaf ethanolic extract showed highest zones of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis, while leaf methanolic shown highest inhibition against E.coli. Similarly, flower ethanolic and flower methanolic and leaf ethanolic showed zones of inhibition only against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in dilution method. The phytochemical test shows that the flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, tennis, saponins, phlobatanin and alkaloids are present in the plant extracts. These results therefore justify the traditional use of Alcea setosa leaves and flowers to treat different diseases.Item Computer aided investigation of phytochemicals as inhibitors against hemagglutinin protein of human influenza a (PDM09) by collecting and screening phytochemicals, and molecular docking(UMT Lahore, 2019) KAFILA KOUSARH1N1 (pdm09) have become a severe warning to human lives. Phytochemicals are acknowledged to have high potential to eliminate viral, bacterial and fungal-borne infections in human being. These have been used for the cure of several pathologies in human for long-time and produce naturally in Pakistan. It was found that from them only JacarelhyperolA, JacarelhyperolB, Oroxin B, 7-O-galloylsilybin showed the effective results.This study was designed at computer based drug development softwares against hemagglutinin protein of Human Influenza A virus (pdm09). The molecular docking based analysis was carried out to describe the binding affinities of these phytochemicals.Item Analysis of phytochemicals as inhibitors against neuraminidase (NA) from influenza virus a H1N1 (PDM09) using molecular docking.(UMT Lahore, 2019) AFIA NADEEMInfluenza virus commonly known as swine flu is well known virus which is infecting large number of population globally. It becomes threat to human lives. Phytochemicals are used to cope virus related, and other infectious diseases in people. The purpose of study is base on to known about phytochemicals which is used to treat influenza virus A Neuraminidase (pdm09). Total 105 phytochemicals were docked from which fourteen have binding affinity -6.3kcal/mol or more. Out of these fourteen phytochemicals only three showed good inhibitory effect on influenza A virus Neuraminidase. This study was based on computer based drug development software against Neuraminidase protein of Human Influenza A virus (pdm09). Molecular Docking is used to calculate binding affinities of phytochemicals.Item Green synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their characterization(UMT Lahore, 2019) SHANZA LIAQATBackground in recent study nanotechnology is the emerging field of science in which researchers take great interest in nanoparticles synthesis. Word Nano means “small”. Nanoparticles are very small in size that range from 10-100nm in one dimension. These particles are very reactive and can penetrate in cell easily due to their small size and optical properties. There are various physical, chemical and biological methods for their synthesis. Biological method is mostly use for their synthesis because this method is environment friendly and less toxic and easy. Nanoparticles have great use in the field of physics, chemistry, bio-medical science and agriculture.Item Prophylactic vaccine development against chikungunya by epitope mapping(UMT Lahore, 2019) SHEHRBANO FAROOQChikungunya began to emerge in the territory of Tanganyika. The outburst was abrupt and it started to invade different territories of Asia. Due to lack of information related to the disease and its similar symptoms to dengue, the search for its treatment was very hectic. Chikungunya belongs to the family Togaviridae with the genus Alphavirus; that attack the host through the process of endocytosis. The major vectors for CHIKV are A.aegypti and A.albopictus. Advances in its treatment began to appear quickly in the late 20th century 1971.The first ever treatment that came in to the upfront was that involving formalin-inactivated virus preparations. Chikungunya E1 protein was observed as it is one of the structural proteins involved in the spread of the disease. Its consensus sequence was obtained with the help of NCBI, Clustal omega and Jalview. The sequence was sent to I-TASSER and results for the best protein models were obtained. VAXIJEN SERVER VERSION 2.0 was used to check the antigenicity of the epitopes. The epitopes with the most efficient scores were observed and picked out .They were then mapped on the available protein model. Five efficient epitopes were observed that can be made the focal point to develop vaccines against Chikungunya. The importance of these epitopes can be observed by their presence on the surface of the protein.Item Plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using chichorium intybus and their characterization(UMT Lahore, 2019) UMERA NAWAZThe present work reports plant-mediated synthesis of Ag nanoparticles i.e., formation of AgNPs using plant extract of Chichorium intybus as an ecological green synthetic approach. The reduction of silver was carried out by plant extract which not only act as a reducing agent but also serve as capping agent. The change in color was a primary indication of formation of AgNPs nanoparticles. UV-Vis spectroscopic investigation reveals the final conformation for the formation of AgNPs. The synthesized NPs have been characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Further, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), studies have been conducted to evaluate size, morphology and shape of NPS. The SEM images illustrated that the nanoparticles were spherical with different in size. As a result, this is very simple, cost effective and green approach for development of NPs and it is valuable in biotechnological, environmental, and biomedical applications.Item Blood spatter analysis on different types of fabrics of Pakistan(UMT Lahore, 2019) Khansa Ahmad KhanThe study of textiles damage is an immensely valuable resource in the criminal examination that is used to find a way to resolve the stabbing cases, shooting cases and rape allegations. It also can overcome arson threats and "acid assaults." Here, the literature is reviewed to examine work on blunt force impact, stabbing and slashing wounds, the occurrence of proof forgery in sexual attacks, projectile harm, and the effect of decomposition on textile damage, amongst many others. It is evident there is a shortage of work in the field, but when the study was done, it was insightful and meaningful. Nevertheless, there are fields where more research is required, such as a thorough analysis of usual wear and tear, and ability of additives to inflict harm to textiles. This research deals with blood pattern analysis on 6 different fabrics that are most common in Pakistan. Almost 8 patterns were applied on these 6 fabrics to analyze bloodstain radius, diameter, width, height, length, angle of impact and area. These all parameters were studied on both laundry and brand new fabric to analyze differences in results. It was observed that bloodstains cover most of area on laundry fabric as compared to brand new fabric. Blood drop sizes were also observed that was different according to height. Absorbance factor of fabrics were also checked and it was observed that net had high absorbance factor.Item Green synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles from plumeria rubra and their environmental applications(UMT Lahore, 2019) Mahwish JavedNanobiotechnology is an emerging field that is dominating every study from electronics to biology. Nanoparticles being the core of nanobiotechnology, is able to bring about treatments and cure of diseases which was not possible before because of their extremely small size and large surface area. In the present study, green synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles from Plumeria rubra was followed because of their effectiveness in many ways as no external reducing, capping and stabilizing agents are required. Green synthesis has lowest number of risks as compared to all other synthesis methods like chemical, fungal and bacterial as no chemicals or pathogens are involved in this production method. The characterization, anti-microbial, anti oxidant and catalytic activities of nickel oxide nanoparticles were performed in this study. SEM, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectrophotometer were used for physical characterization of synthesized nanoparticles. The anti-bacterial activity was checked against garm negative bacteria E,coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gram positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. The anti-fungal activity was checked against Aspergillus niger. DPPH radical was used for the analysis of anti-oxidant activity, which gave 73.7% of scavenging activity and methylene blue, Congo red and Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride were used for catalytic activity of nickel oxide nanoparticles. The catalytic activity of nickel oxide nanoparticles was positive against all dyes studied in this research.Item Study of HLA polymorphism (HLA-B and HLA-C) in local population(UMT Lahore, 2019) MAHAM ASHFAQHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) is involved in generating immune response whenever any foreign tissue is implanted in human body. HLA consists of two classes known as class I and class II. HLA-B and HLA-C loci are situated within class I. Matching of HLA-B and HLA-C loci among patient and donor is necessary for organ transplantation. Currently, genes of HLA are being identified on the basis of their DNA sequences with the use of molecular techniques. Taking into consideration the significance of HLA genes in transplantation, we aimed to find out the prevalence and association of HLA-B and HLA-C alleles within patients as well as donors, blood groups, ethnic groups, age groups and gender in local population. Blood was extracted from patients and donors intravenously and genomic DNA was isolated from blood by using DNAzol reagent. By analyzing the frequency of HLA-B and HLA-C alleles among people, we found diverse results. In different age and blood groups, allele 8 was observed more frequent in HLA-B locus and allele 7 was observed more frequent in HLA-C locus. Similarly, in case of locality, gender and patient/donor allele 8 of HLA-B and allele 7 of HLA-C were dominant. Based on our study it has been analysed that a better HLA-match is associated with better engraftment and survival.This survival can be achieved through exact matching of HLA alleles among patient and donorItem Computer-aided analysis of phytochemicals as potential inhibitor against NS5B protein of HCV based on ADMET properties and molecular docking(UMT Lahore, 2019) Noor Ul SabaHepatitis C virus (HCV) has turned into an extreme risk to human lives. Phytochemicals are acknowledged to can possibly dispense with viral, bacterial and fungal borne contaminations in individual. They have been utilized for the cure of several diseases in human for long-term and produce naturally in Pakistan. This research was designed at in silico drug advancement resistant to HCV nonstructural protein NS5B. The ADMET studies and molecular docking based examination was done to describe the binding affinities of these phytomedicines. Out of total 107 phytochemicals from different therapeutic plants, 23 were carefully chosen for pan genotypic analysis i.e. Isopomiferin, Silydianin B, Silydianin, Anthraxin, Silybin B, Silybin C, Schizolaenone B, Silybin A, Silybin D, Derrisin, Taxifolin, Isomangostin, Hydroxymunduserone, Lycopene, SigmoidinC, Robustone, Sigmoidin B, Abyssinone V, Osajin, Euchrenone B, Sigmoidin A, Erycristagallin, and Paprarine. They exhibited binding affinities higher than that of the threshold value -7.9 cal/mol of sofosbuvir against HCV NS5B. Potential HCV inhibitors can be improved by carrying the in vitro and in vivo examination of these twenty three compounds.Item Isolation of alkaliphiles and molecular characterization of their β-glucosidase(UMT Lahore, 2019) Imama AnsariExtremophiles are the organisms that require extreme environmental conditions for their growth and survival. Enzymes that are produced by extremophile organisms are known as extremozymes. Alkaliphiles are extremophiles capable of surviving in high alkaline conditions i.e. pH 9-10. Alkaliphiles can be extracted from neutral environment or high saline environment. Alkaliphiles produce enzymes that possess industrial applications. Alkaline cellulase has various applications in the field of industry, agriculture, fermentation etc. In this study the sample having pH 9 was collected from premium paper mills, Sheikhupura. This study includes the isolation of alkaliphilic bacteria, its DNA isolation, Amplification of its 16S rRNA sequence and Gene clean of amplified PCR product. 16S rRNA sequencing of bacteria showed that the bacterium belongs to genus Vibrio. The sequenced bacterium has 99.4% similarity with 16S region of Vibrio cincinnatiensis ATCC 35912. Phylogenetic analysis and Protein Structure Prediction was carried out to characterize the β-glucosidase gene. Phylogenetic tree for 16S rRNA showed that isolated Vibrio strain is more closely related to Vibrio cincinnatiensis ATCC 35912. Due to the unavailability of whole genome of Vibrio cincinnatiensis ATCC 35912 the phylogenetic tree for β-glucosidase gene and protein was constructed for Vibrio cincinnatiensis NCTC 12012 and its relationship was studied with other species of Vibrio. Phylogenetic tree for β-glucosidase gene showed that Vibrio cincinnatiensis NCTC 12012 is closely related to Vibrio tubiashii ATCC 19109 and phylogenetic tree for β-glucosidase protein showed that Vibrio cincinnatiensis NCTC 12012 is distinctly related to genus Vibrio campbellii.Item Lahore general hospital department of Pathology(UMT Lahore, 2019-10-15) Rubab BatoolItem Internship at general hospital Lahore(UMT Lahore, 2019-10-15) Soha IftikharItem Pakistan council of scientific and industrial research center (PCSIR)(UMT Lahore, 2019-10-16) Saeeda Shafiq