Department of Chemistry

Permanent URI for this collection

https://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/1172

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 34

Process analysis and feasibility study on using biodiesel for electricity generation
(University of Management and Technology, 2011) Mehwish Mujahid
The University has on-campus unutilized nearly twenty eight gallons of waste cooking oil that could be used more efficiently as biofuel. The waste cooking oil could turn into something that is economically efficient helping University power their generators and also be used as an educational asset to the University. If efficiently used, the waste cooking oil could become multifaceted in that it will benefit the University. The primary focus is to design a system in which the waste vegetables can be converted into Biodiesel .It is intended that this Biodiesel produced may ultimately be a fuel source for the power generation from the generators. The procedure includes survey of electricity and diesel cost, preparation of biodiesel from fresh and waste vegetable oil, analysis of biodiesel , comparison of cost and energy efficiency by running generators.
Synthesis and characterization of gelatin grafted biodegradable plastic using acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Wajad Ulfat
The backbone of gelatin was grafted with the monomers of vinyl acetate and acrylonitrile. This grafted copolymer was obtained by the employing of free radical polymerization technique with potassium per sulfate which acted as initiator in the reaction. The stirring and heating of reaction was constant at 80 oC. The polymer was characterized by the use of FTIR, TGA and DSC. FTIR proved the grafting of monomers on the backbone of the gelatin. TGA-DSC analyzed the degradation and melting of the copolymer and nanocomposite polymer. The nanocomposite polymer was prepared with the incorporation of suitable quantity of Nickel doped nanoparticles. Soil burial method was used for the study of biodegradation of this polymer and its test range is 60 days. The degradation study of prepared samples W-1 and W-2 was shown to degradation results 29.9 and 11.05 percent respectively. At the beginning of the test was observed that weight of the copolymer (W-1) was increased due to the absorption of moisture from the soil. But after 20 days the weight of polymer was decreased constantly. The W-1 sample showed the high degradation rate. The nanocomposite polymer W-2 sample showed the resistance against the biodegradation. Nanocomposite polymers were also less moisture absorber. Results showed that the grafting was a unique technique which induced the biodegradation that was not present in the synthetic polymers. The nanoparticles imparted the resistance against the microbes; therefore these nanocomposite polymers are best for the packing of food.
Synthesis, characterization and biological activity study of sulfonamide derivatives of disubstituted anilines
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Younas, Tahir
Sulfonamides due to their medicinal importance are under consideration by the researchers. Chloro substituted sulfonamide, 3a-b, has been synthesized with high yields by a single step nucleophilic substitution reaction of disubstituted anilines, 1a-b, and 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride (2) in a weak basic aqueous medium. The synthesized sulfonamides, 3a-b, were further subjected to electrophilic substitution reaction using ethyl iodide. (4), benzyl chloride. (5) and. 4-chlorobenzyl chloride. (6) in such a solvent which is polar aprotic to get N-substituted derivatives, 7a -b, 8a-b and.9a -b, respectively. The suggested structures of all the prepared molecules were characterized using IR, 1H-NMR and EIMS spectroscopic analysis.
Synthesis and biological screening of some azomethine derivatives of 2,4-dimethylcarbolic acid
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Ata Ur Rehman
The molecules comprising azomethine group are famous to possess biological activities. In the present work, the synthesis of N'-Substitutedbenzylidene-2-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy) acetohydrazide (5a-d) has been performed using 2,4-Dimethylphenol(1) as precursor. The molecule 1, was transformed into ethyl 2-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)acetate (2) on refluxing with ethyl 2-bromoacetate in ethanol medium in the presence of base KOH. Ethyl ester 2, was refluxed with hydrated hydrazine (80%) in ethanol medium to produce 2-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy) acetohydrazide (3). The target molecules 5a-d, were manufactured by stirring 3 with phenyl/aryl carboxaldehyde (4a-d) in methanol medium in the presence of glacial acetic acid. The synthesized molecules were characterized by physical spectral data and estimated for antibacterial and anti-enzymatic activities.
Synthesis, Characterization and Optical properties of Mn-doped ZnS Nanoparticles.
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Jamil, Muhammad Akhtar
Nanoparticles constitute dimensions ranges between 1-100nm having broad range of applications. This study covered the ZnS nanoparticles doped with Manganese ions. Chemical precipitation method was used to prepare Mn-doped ZnS nanoparticles. The size of the nanoparticles was confined by the application of capping agent. Ethylene Diammine Tetra acetate was used to restrict the size of Mn doped ZnS nanoparticles.
Synthesis and characterization of metal ferrites and study of their magnetic properties in polymer thin films
(University of Management and Technology, 2015) Abdul Sattar
Nanoparticles of Nickel ferrites have been prepared using the modified co-precipitation technique; the methodology involved the controlled mixing of Nickel chloride 0.2M solution and Ferric chloride 0.4M solution in the ratio of 1:2 respectively. The precipitates were dried at 105oC for 24h, annealed at 600oC for one hour and characterized using SEM and XRD techniques. The SEM and XRD results showed that prepared particles were in nano range. Prepared material having good surface morphology was incorporated into starch grafted methylmeth acrylate copolymer by in-situ polymerization method. The nano composite prepared in this way was characterized by SEM, FTIR and VSM for the magnetic properties. The results of these techniques proved the usefulness of the material as biodegradable thin films having controllable magnetic properties for potential use as magnetic strips.
Compositional analysis of non-polar extract of Melia azedarach
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Rabia Habib
Medicinal plants are widely used by the traditional practitioners to cure different diseases due to their world-wide availability and fewer side effects. Melia azedarach L. belongs to the family Meliaceae which is a family of highly significant medicinal plants. Traditionally, different parts such as leaf, flower, seed, fruit, and young branches of M. azedarach have been used for the treatment of malaria, diabetes, purgative, cough, skin disease, and many more. Experiment and clinical studies prove that it has antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anticancer, analgestic, antiulcer, antipyretic, antiplasmodial and male contraceptive properties. Thus the aim of this study was to explore the chemical profile of non-polar extract of M. azedarach leaves through GC-MS analysis, as well as to check the antimicrobial activity of this plant against different bacterial strain by using agar diffusion method.
Synthesis and characterization of gelatin grafted biodegradable plastic using acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Wajad Ulfat
The backbone of gelatin was grafted with the monomers of vinyl acetate and acrylonitrile. This grafted copolymer was obtained by the employing of free radical polymerization technique with potassium per sulfate which acted as initiator in the reaction. The stirring and heating of reaction was constant at 80 oC. The polymer was characterized by the use of FTIR, TGA and DSC. FTIR proved the grafting of monomers on the backbone of the gelatin. TGA-DSC analyzed the degradation and melting of the copolymer and nanocomposite polymer. The nanocomposite polymer was prepared with the incorporation of suitable quantity of Nickel doped nanoparticles. Soil burial method was used for the study of biodegradation of this polymer and its test range is 60 days. The degradation study of prepared samples W-1 and W-2 was shown to degradation results 29.9 and 11.05 percent respectively. At the beginning of the test was observed that weight of the copolymer (W-1) was increased due to the absorption of moisture from the soil. But after 20 days the weight of polymer was decreased constantly. The W-1 sample showed the high degradation rate. The nanocomposite polymer W-2 sample showed the resistance against the biodegradation. Nanocomposite polymers were also less moisture absorber. Results showed that the grafting was a unique technique which induced the biodegradation that was not present in the synthetic polymers. The nanoparticles imparted the resistance against the microbes; therefore these nanocomposite polymers are best for the packing of food
Synthesis and characterization of lactic acid grafted TiO2nanocomposites
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Qasar Saleem
The aim of my project is to synthesize and analyze Polylactic acid-grafted TiO2 nanocomposite. When dispersed at the nanoscale TiO2 can behave as see through transparent UV filters and thermomechanical materials. The synthesis plan involved three stages. First, dispersion of TiO2 white powder in water/ethanol solvent system. Second grafting TiO2 surface by oligomers of lactic acid aimed at changing its surface features. Third polymerization of lactic acid monomer with grafted TiO2 in the presence of anhydrous stannous chloride as catalyst. Polylactic acid grafted-TiO2 nanocomposite was synthesized by melt poly condensation in situ of lactic acid onto titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles surface. The product was characterized by TGA, DSC, FTIR, and UV analysis and degradation observation.
Characterization of sunflower oil for its oleic acid content
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Shahzadi, Mehwish
Sunflower is cultivated all over the world not only as an ornament plant but also for the purpose of getting oil. It is the third most cultivated plant in the history because its oil considered best for health. The present study deals with the analysis of sunflower oil sample which was obtained from local market. The physicochemical properties of the oil were determined which included saponification value, acid value and ester value. Results showed that saponification value of the oil was 191.675, acid value was 0.94 and ester value to be 190.735 for the sample under observation.
Estimation and stability studies of amoxicillin trihydrate in the capsule dosage form
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Maaz Asim
A simple, rapid and time saving method for the validation of Amoxillin Trihydrate in capsule dosage form has been developed. Recovery studies was achieved by HPLC for this chromatographic separation was achieved by phenomenex [250x4.6 mm with octadecylisily silica gel for chromatograph (5μm)] column on binary mode and mobile phase (A) contain 6.8g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (adjust to pH 5.0 by sodium hydroxide solution) containing Acetonitrile with ratio of 99:1 and mobile phase (B) containing Buffer and Acetonitrile with ratio of 80:20. The flow rate was 1 ml/min with 8% concentration of mobile phase (B) and was monitored at 254 nm. Retention time was found to be near 7.1 for Amoxicillin Trihydrate. The regression value obtained was 0.9999 with 3.0011 Limit of Detection and 9.0943 Limit of Quantization. Residual solvents were also validated for AMT by using GC-FID and observed that there is no presence of any solvent in it. Other parameters like FTIR, pH, Optical rotation and Moisture contents were also performed for further analysis and all results were satisfactory and was meeting the require values. The projected methods are accurate, exact, selective and rapid for the estimation of Amoxicillin Trihydrate in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Grafting of starch with acrylic acid for the preparation of biodegradable polymers
(University of Management and Technology, 2015) Humayun Irshad
The graft polymerization of starch with monomer like acrylic acid was carried out using free radical polymerization mechanism. To generate free radicals, ammonium per sulphate was thermally disintegrated by heating it in aqueous solution at the temperature of 80 degrees celsius. Different experimental methods were performed to investigate the effect of different parameters like (temperature, amount of starch and the ratio of monomer acrylic acid on grafting. The temperature of 90 degrees celsius was found to be optimum for good grafting. The amount of starch was taken as 0.75g in experimentally designed method. The best grafted product was obtained by adding 3ml monomer acrylic acid in 0.75g starch. For the preparation of nanocomposite of starch grafted acrylic acid 0.02g of Ni nanoparticles were incorporated in reaction kettle at 15 minutes prior to completion of the reaction time. SEM, TGA/DSC, FTIR techniques were used to characterize the grafted polymer and its nanocomposite. To investigate the biodegradability soil burial method was applied. The biodegradability of 23.21% in 60 days was shown by starch grafted acrylic acid polymer while its nanocomposite showed 16.19% biodegradability in same period of time.
Synthesis, characterization, optical and antibacterial properties of Ni-doped ZnO nano-particles
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Sher, Mudassar
The importance of nano-particles is increasing day by day due to their potential utility in biomedicines, solar cells and in nano-composite materials. Further the effect of doping to enhance the properties of nano-particles is also under research in current period all over the world. In this work, co-precipitation and solvo-thermal methods were employed and both methods successfully yield Ni-doped zinc oxide nano-particles. We also synthesized un-doped zinc oxide nano-particles via solvo-thermal method. All prepared nano-particles were characterized through X-ray diffraction studies. To validate nickel doping in zinc oxide nano-particles Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis were further employed and Energy Dispersive X-ray results confirmed desired doping in all samples. Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis was performed to study shape and morphology of all prepared nano-particles samples. The results of all above mentioned characterization methods confirmed successful preparation of Ni-doped zinc oxide nano-particles through both preparation methods. All synthesized sampled were also employed to check their antibacterial activity. In Antibacterial study, zones of inhibition have been calculated against Gram positive (Bacillus Subtilis) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial species. Different molar concentrations of Ni-doped zinc oxide nano-particles were checked through ager well diffusion method. The results showed that antibacterial activity is directly proportional to concentration of Ni-doped zinc oxide nano-particles Furthermore Gram positive bacteria are found generally more affected with synthesized nano-particles as compared with Gram negative bacteria. The effective antibacterial activity has shown by all prepared Ni-doped zinc oxide samples favor their use as antibacterial agent. Band gap analysis was performed to check optical activity for all samples. It was noted that doped sample shown enhanced optical character when compared with un-doped samples.
Development and validation of analytical method of silymarin by RP-HPLC with UV detector
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Aslam, Sohail
Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) is a wild, herbaceous plant. Generally the extract of Silybum marianum is expressed as total Silymarin. Silymarin is composed of flavonolignans, silybin, silydianin and silychristin. Out of these compounds, silybin is considered the most vital as it plays an important role for the treatment of liver disorder. Silymarin is very important natural drug which is widely used for the treatment of variety of diseases, especially for hepatic disorders. A novel, reliable and a sensitive method to determine the amount of Silymarin was developed by using reversed phased HPLC method with isocratic solvent delivery. Silymarin was separated using Hypersil ODS C18 column maintaining temperature at 40°C in the column oven and detector was set at wavelength 288 nm with mobile phase in a ratio Methanol:Water:Phosphoric acid (46:54:0.1 v/v/v). The silymarin was tested with respect to silybin which is the most vital and pharmacological active substance. For this purpose the retention time of the silybin among all flavonolignans were determined by injecting silybin standard. Then the silymarin standard and silymarin raw material sample were injected and successfully determined the assay of silymarin. The developed method was then validated as per ICH guidelines. Linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness are the key parameters used to validate the method. This method could easily be used for the determination of silymarin for routine analysis of raw material to maintain its quality and to check the efficacy of the incoming consignments of raw material.
Salt free dyeing
(University of Management and Technology, 2015) Babur Saleem
Colors are in constant association with man since Stone Age to modern era.This study primarily focuses on; the reduction of salts during the dyeing of cotton, investigate the effectiveness of selected pre-treatments in the reactive dyeing process, determine optimal requirement of salt when using a fabric that has been pre-treated, measure the effectiveness of rinsing when using a fabric that has been pre-treated, ascertain the dye exhaustion after per-treatment and determine the basic economics surrounding the take up of pre-treatment for industry use.The dyeing method used was Pad steam dyeing. It is suitable for dyeing the pale to medium shades. The dye strength used was 20 g/L as it is generally recognized as the upper limit in the industry while carrying out commercial production. Fabric sample were dyed by padding. After padding steaming was done in a steamer for around 60 seconds. The alkali which was used during the dyeing was sodium carbonate.After dyeing, washing off was carried out to remove any un-reacted dye.To remove any unfixed dye which might have been left after washing off, the fabric was further boiled with DMF solution to strip off any unfixed dye on it then was the stage oftesting and measurements.The current study has led to the following outcomes; Pad steam dyeing of cotton using bio-degradable salt such as Tri-sodium nitrilo triacetate has shown better dyeing results and improved effluent quality and a novel industrially applicable method of application of reactive dyes on cotton fabrics using Tri-sodium Nitrilo Triacetate a bio-degradable salt has be developed.Although the cost of dyeing with inorganic salts seems to greater than with conventionally used salts but the cost of removing them from the effluent and the penalties which are paid to government for not complying with the standards can overcome the increased cost. The study shows that the selected bio-degradable salt can be used for pad-steam dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes to take the place of conventional salt. Tri-sodium nitrilo triacetate gave better dye fixation and color fastness as compared to the conventional salts.
Cu-doped zno nanoparticles: Synthesis, charecterization and antibacterial properties
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Shaista Jabin
In the present study, synthesis, characterization and antibacterial properties of copper doped zinc oxide nanoparticles have been investigated. Pure and copper doped ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized by using co-precipitation method. The synthesized copper doped ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by spectroscopic and analytical techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDAX and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of copper doped ZnO nanoparticles was carried out based on the agar diffusion method.
Preparation and characterization of biodiesel from waste vegetable oil
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Muhammad Tawsif
Biodiesel was synthesized from waste cooking oil by three-step method. These steps include saponification, acidification and esterification. The waste cooking oil was collected from the restaurants of Gujranwala . During saponification, molar ratio of WCO and caustic soda was reacted accordingly to a reported optimized value. Silica gel was used as dehydrating agent to absorb water from the synthesized biodiesel. The percentage yield obtained by this method was 79%. Physical and chemical properties like viscosity, density, flash point, cloud point, saponification value, acid value and ester value were examined to analyze the quantity of biodiesel.
Grafting of starch with methyl methacrylate for the preparation of biodegradable polymers
(University of Management and Technology, 2015) Bilal Ahmad Chheena
Grafting of starch with methyl methacrylate was carried out using free radical mechanism. Free radicals were generated by the thermal disintegration of potassium per sulphate at the temperature of 60 degrees celsius. A variety of experimental methods were investigated to check the effect of different parameters such as (temperature, amount of starch, quantity of monomer) for efficient grafting. The optimum temperature found for good grafting was 60 degrees Celsius. The initial amount of starch was taken as 0.75g. Keeping the amount of starch constant, the quantity of monomer was reduced gradually from 10ml to 2ml in portions of 5ml and 3 ml. The controlled biodegradability of grafted product was obtained by using 3ml monomer in 0.75g starch. This grafted polymer showed 27.29% biodegradability in 60 days. The nanocomposite of starch grafted methyl methacrylate was prepared by incorporating 0.02g Ni nanoparticles in reaction flask 15 minutes prior to the completion of reaction time. The starch grafted polymer and nanocomposite of this were fully characterized by SEM, FTIR, TGA and DSC techniques. Soil burial method was applied to estimate the biodegradability of samples. The polymer containing Ni nanoparticles was less biodegradable than without nanoparticle. Such polymers can be efficiently used as packaging material for food items.
Analysis of n-Hexane extract from leaves of cedrela toona for its medicinal potency
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Anam Mushtaq
Medicinal plants are the backbone in the treatment of the traditional medicine. Cedrela Toona has been used for various ailments. C.Toona belongs to the family Meliacace which has significant medicinal values. Traditionally, it is useful in chronic dysentery, ulcer, cures fever, headache, blood complaints, cardiotonic, aphrodisiac, anthelmentic, good for scabis and expectorant. The various parts of the plant have been explored for antioxidant, analgesic, antifeedant, antiulcer, antimicrobial and many other activities. The present study was undertaken to find out the antibacterial activity and evaluation of the compounds, which presnt in its non-polar profile. The inhibition zone diameters and minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC) against three tested bacteria are studied in antibacterial activity.
Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial properties of Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Bashir, Muhammad Waqas
In this study, synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial properties of pure and Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles have been investigated. Undoped and Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by using Co-precipitation method. The synthesized Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, and UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to measure the band gap energy. The antimicrobial activity of Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles was carried out by using agar diffusion method. Formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by XRD technique. XRD analysis showed hexagonal wurtzite structure of Mn doped and undoped ZnO nanoparticles. The average grain size for undoped ZnO nanoparticles was 16.72nm, and the size of Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles was 6.14nm synthesized by co-precipitation method with different chemicals.

Browse

Browsing Department of Chemistry by Issue Date

Results Per Page

Sort Options