Department of Chemistry

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https://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/1172

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Analysis of n-Hexane extract from leaves of cedrela toona for its medicinal potency
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Anam Mushtaq
Medicinal plants are the backbone in the treatment of the traditional medicine. Cedrela Toona has been used for various ailments. C.Toona belongs to the family Meliacace which has significant medicinal values. Traditionally, it is useful in chronic dysentery, ulcer, cures fever, headache, blood complaints, cardiotonic, aphrodisiac, anthelmentic, good for scabis and expectorant. The various parts of the plant have been explored for antioxidant, analgesic, antifeedant, antiulcer, antimicrobial and many other activities. The present study was undertaken to find out the antibacterial activity and evaluation of the compounds, which presnt in its non-polar profile. The inhibition zone diameters and minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC) against three tested bacteria are studied in antibacterial activity.
Antibacterial Activity of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles
(University of Management & Technology, 2017) Mehshaar Gul
Antibiotic drugs are resistant against bacteria and there is need to search for new antibiotic drugs that are more resistant against these bacteria. Copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by using copper sulphate pentahydrate and sodium lauryl sulfate. To check the antibacterial activity of the copper oxide nanoparticles against different bacteria like Eschericia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus areus, Pseudomonas and Klebsiella pneumonia, petri dishes were prepared. Amoxicillin was used as standard antibiotic and distilled water was used as solvent. Amoxicillin is very famous antibiotics as compared to other beta-lactam antibiotics. It works against Gram‐negative bacteria more effectively as compare to Gram positive bacteria. Dilutions of copper oxide nanoparticles were prepared of 2%, 1% and 0.5% respectively. Nanoparticles were characterized by using XRD technique. Copper oxide nanoparticles showed the antibacterial activity against all of the bacteria by agar well diffusion method. Copper oxide nanoparticles showed the highest efficiency against Eschericia coli for 2% concentration and lowest efficiency against Pseudomonas and Klebsiella pneumonia for 0.5% concentration. Therefore, it can be concluded that copper oxide nanoparticles show efficiency against bacteria and can also be used as antibiotic in medicine field as well as in paints, coatings, and textile.
Characterization of sunflower oil for its oleic acid content
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Shahzadi, Mehwish
Sunflower is cultivated all over the world not only as an ornament plant but also for the purpose of getting oil. It is the third most cultivated plant in the history because its oil considered best for health. The present study deals with the analysis of sunflower oil sample which was obtained from local market. The physicochemical properties of the oil were determined which included saponification value, acid value and ester value. Results showed that saponification value of the oil was 191.675, acid value was 0.94 and ester value to be 190.735 for the sample under observation.
Compositional analysis of non-polar extract of Melia azedarach
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Rabia Habib
Medicinal plants are widely used by the traditional practitioners to cure different diseases due to their world-wide availability and fewer side effects. Melia azedarach L. belongs to the family Meliaceae which is a family of highly significant medicinal plants. Traditionally, different parts such as leaf, flower, seed, fruit, and young branches of M. azedarach have been used for the treatment of malaria, diabetes, purgative, cough, skin disease, and many more. Experiment and clinical studies prove that it has antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anticancer, analgestic, antiulcer, antipyretic, antiplasmodial and male contraceptive properties. Thus the aim of this study was to explore the chemical profile of non-polar extract of M. azedarach leaves through GC-MS analysis, as well as to check the antimicrobial activity of this plant against different bacterial strain by using agar diffusion method.
Cu-doped zno nanoparticles: Synthesis, charecterization and antibacterial properties
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Shaista Jabin
In the present study, synthesis, characterization and antibacterial properties of copper doped zinc oxide nanoparticles have been investigated. Pure and copper doped ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized by using co-precipitation method. The synthesized copper doped ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by spectroscopic and analytical techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDAX and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of copper doped ZnO nanoparticles was carried out based on the agar diffusion method.
Development and validation of analytical method of silymarin by RP-HPLC with UV detector
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Aslam, Sohail
Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) is a wild, herbaceous plant. Generally the extract of Silybum marianum is expressed as total Silymarin. Silymarin is composed of flavonolignans, silybin, silydianin and silychristin. Out of these compounds, silybin is considered the most vital as it plays an important role for the treatment of liver disorder. Silymarin is very important natural drug which is widely used for the treatment of variety of diseases, especially for hepatic disorders. A novel, reliable and a sensitive method to determine the amount of Silymarin was developed by using reversed phased HPLC method with isocratic solvent delivery. Silymarin was separated using Hypersil ODS C18 column maintaining temperature at 40°C in the column oven and detector was set at wavelength 288 nm with mobile phase in a ratio Methanol:Water:Phosphoric acid (46:54:0.1 v/v/v). The silymarin was tested with respect to silybin which is the most vital and pharmacological active substance. For this purpose the retention time of the silybin among all flavonolignans were determined by injecting silybin standard. Then the silymarin standard and silymarin raw material sample were injected and successfully determined the assay of silymarin. The developed method was then validated as per ICH guidelines. Linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness are the key parameters used to validate the method. This method could easily be used for the determination of silymarin for routine analysis of raw material to maintain its quality and to check the efficacy of the incoming consignments of raw material.
Development of Natural Brown Colour from Low Cost Ingredient and their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity
(University of Management & Technology, 2017) Naseer, Sumra
Estimation and stability studies of amoxicillin trihydrate in the capsule dosage form
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Maaz Asim
A simple, rapid and time saving method for the validation of Amoxillin Trihydrate in capsule dosage form has been developed. Recovery studies was achieved by HPLC for this chromatographic separation was achieved by phenomenex [250x4.6 mm with octadecylisily silica gel for chromatograph (5μm)] column on binary mode and mobile phase (A) contain 6.8g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (adjust to pH 5.0 by sodium hydroxide solution) containing Acetonitrile with ratio of 99:1 and mobile phase (B) containing Buffer and Acetonitrile with ratio of 80:20. The flow rate was 1 ml/min with 8% concentration of mobile phase (B) and was monitored at 254 nm. Retention time was found to be near 7.1 for Amoxicillin Trihydrate. The regression value obtained was 0.9999 with 3.0011 Limit of Detection and 9.0943 Limit of Quantization. Residual solvents were also validated for AMT by using GC-FID and observed that there is no presence of any solvent in it. Other parameters like FTIR, pH, Optical rotation and Moisture contents were also performed for further analysis and all results were satisfactory and was meeting the require values. The projected methods are accurate, exact, selective and rapid for the estimation of Amoxicillin Trihydrate in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Estimation of the medicinal value of melia azedarach linn
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Tabassum Munir
Melia azedarach (M. azedarach) L. is most versatile medicinal plants of meliaceae (mahogany) family which have great attraction for scholars. The presence of alkaloids,saponins,tannins and flavonoids in the leaves extracts proves its medicinal value. These compounds have pharmacological effects like analgesic, anticancer, antiviral and anti- malarial. Infectious diseases are main cause of deaths in Pakistan. With passage of time that bacterial strain has developed resistance to almost all the antibodies. Some antibodies have serious side effects which minimize their applications. There is a need to develop such antimicrobial agent with more effectiveness and minimum side effects. It is reported that M.azedarach is a potential source of noval antibodies.
Extraction and characterization of rice bran oil
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Muhammad Amjad Ali
Rice is used as staple food throughout the world from Australia to American continent. Processing of this rice produces a number of value able byproducts. Rice bran is one of these byproducts. Other byproducts include rice hull and rice husk. Rice bran oil is rich in starches, minerals, vitamins, proteins and oil. Rice bran oil can be extracted using physical and chemical processes. In this study rice bran oil is extracted from the pallets of rice bran using soxhlet apparatus. N-hexane is used as solvent. After its extraction saponification value, acid value and ester value are determined. Crud, protein value, ash value, moisture content and fiber value of rice bran are also determined. Saponification value 148.80, Acid value 46.0, Ester value 102.80, Crude protein value 11.62%, Ash value 12.8%, Moisture content 8.2%, and Ester value is 17%.
Fabrication and characterization of cadmium sulfide nanowires on aluminum oxide template
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Malik Imran Afzal
Cadmium supplied nanowires have unique electrical and optical properties and applications. To obtain cadmium supplied nanowires with regular and good aspect ratio, they can be synthesized by template synthesis method. Porous anodized aluminium oxide is most promising template with regular hexagonal shapes. Their aspect ratio can be controlled by controlling the pores' depth and diameter which greatly depend on anodization voltage and temperature of the electrolyte. In this research, high purity aluminium was used to prepare nanotemplates at 5-6°C in 1M phosphoric acid and cadmium supplied was deposited electrochemically using a co-solution of thiourea, cadmium acetate and ammonium acetate. pH was maintained at 11 in heat bath at 75°C with the help of aqueous ammonia solution. Both porous anodized alumina and cadmium supplied Nanowires were characterized suing SEM. A good quality Nanowires were obtained in bunches with reasonably high aspect ratio.
Fabrication and characterization of TiO2 nano rods made by sol gel electrophoresis deposition into anodic alumina template
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Muhammad Ikraam
Highly ordered nonporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanorods were fabricated in oxalic acid using a steady voltage by the use of a two-step anodization procedure. To develop a high-aspect-ratio template filling process was adopted to form TiO2 nanorods. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images indicated that rods like TiO2 structures were sputtered onto the AAO template surface and TiO2 show evidence of fine filling results and clear crystal grain boundaries.
Grafting of starch with acrylic acid for the preparation of biodegradable polymers
(University of Management and Technology, 2015) Humayun Irshad
The graft polymerization of starch with monomer like acrylic acid was carried out using free radical polymerization mechanism. To generate free radicals, ammonium per sulphate was thermally disintegrated by heating it in aqueous solution at the temperature of 80 degrees celsius. Different experimental methods were performed to investigate the effect of different parameters like (temperature, amount of starch and the ratio of monomer acrylic acid on grafting. The temperature of 90 degrees celsius was found to be optimum for good grafting. The amount of starch was taken as 0.75g in experimentally designed method. The best grafted product was obtained by adding 3ml monomer acrylic acid in 0.75g starch. For the preparation of nanocomposite of starch grafted acrylic acid 0.02g of Ni nanoparticles were incorporated in reaction kettle at 15 minutes prior to completion of the reaction time. SEM, TGA/DSC, FTIR techniques were used to characterize the grafted polymer and its nanocomposite. To investigate the biodegradability soil burial method was applied. The biodegradability of 23.21% in 60 days was shown by starch grafted acrylic acid polymer while its nanocomposite showed 16.19% biodegradability in same period of time.
Grafting of starch with methyl methacrylate for the preparation of biodegradable polymers
(University of Management and Technology, 2015) Bilal Ahmad Chheena
Grafting of starch with methyl methacrylate was carried out using free radical mechanism. Free radicals were generated by the thermal disintegration of potassium per sulphate at the temperature of 60 degrees celsius. A variety of experimental methods were investigated to check the effect of different parameters such as (temperature, amount of starch, quantity of monomer) for efficient grafting. The optimum temperature found for good grafting was 60 degrees Celsius. The initial amount of starch was taken as 0.75g. Keeping the amount of starch constant, the quantity of monomer was reduced gradually from 10ml to 2ml in portions of 5ml and 3 ml. The controlled biodegradability of grafted product was obtained by using 3ml monomer in 0.75g starch. This grafted polymer showed 27.29% biodegradability in 60 days. The nanocomposite of starch grafted methyl methacrylate was prepared by incorporating 0.02g Ni nanoparticles in reaction flask 15 minutes prior to the completion of reaction time. The starch grafted polymer and nanocomposite of this were fully characterized by SEM, FTIR, TGA and DSC techniques. Soil burial method was applied to estimate the biodegradability of samples. The polymer containing Ni nanoparticles was less biodegradable than without nanoparticle. Such polymers can be efficiently used as packaging material for food items.
Isolation and characterization of stearic acid
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Mhouddin, Ghulam
Fatty acids are naturally distributed as components of animal and vegetable fats (triglycerides of saturated fatty acids) and oils (triglycerides of unsaturated fatty acids). They are the characteristic constituent of lipids and play vital role in functions such as fluidity, flexibility and material transfer in bio-membranes. Fat or oil, can be hydrolyzed into corresponding fatty acids and glycerine. Fatty acids have found their many commercial applications today thus their production on commercial scale is the aim of fatty acid producing industries. The present research work is aimed to find out the suitable route to extract the stearic acid from its natural source “tallow”. For this purpose meat tallow is hydrolysed at a constant temperature of 80 °C, achieved on hotplate equipped with continuous stirrer, with strong hydrochloric acid while varying its strength from 2M to 10M and effects of acid strength on degree of release of target fatty acid has been studied. Another important parameter that remains the focus of this work is the effect of reaction time on successful release of fatty acid under the same set of reaction conditions. Different tests i.e. Degree of hydrolysis, Acid value, Saponification value, Free fatty acid value and Ester value helped to characterize the process success. These entire characterization tests agree on the point that increasing the strength of hydrolysing acid increase the percent release of fatty acids from their triglycerides. Increasing the time duration for hydrolysis also makes it possible to achieve high yields of stearic acid from its natural source “tallow”. The factor of hydrolysing acid strength is important and a controlling factor but high yields can only be achieved at high reaction time. ix
Non-Extractive Spectroscopic Determination of Lead Metal in Blood Samples
(University of Management & Technology, 2017) Batool Safia
A validated, precised, accurate and simple spectrophotometric method has been worked out for the determination of Pb in human blood. Determination of Pb method is based on the reaction of lead with xylenol orange after the wet digestion of blood samples of HCV patients with HNO3 and H2O2. The absorption maxima occurred at 578 nm. This method is are alternative method for the amount of Pb in blood other than test methods applied in medical lab.
Prediction of Protein Solubility in Escherichia coli and Experimental Verification
(University of Management & Technology, 2017) Mehmood, Shahid
Soluble protein in proper concentration is very important for different experimental studies. Solubility of protein can be estimated by the sequence of amino acids in protein. The solubility of protein is important for biophysical and structural development. To achieve the soluble protein in high concentration is a major challenge. The protein which are heterologous expressed are often insoluble and their solubilization is highly trial and error process with low success rate. Although very highly overexpression in inclusion body is some time desirable which result in clean protein. A new method is develop which will predict the solubility of protein on overexpression in E.coli. This method use four classifier named as Multilayer Perceptron, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Bayes Classifier. Theses classifier were trained for the prediction of recombinant protein solubility. Many features are used by this method such as canonical variable (CV),Surrounding hydrophobicity, Solubility index composition, Intrinsic aggregation propensity, Intrinsic Z-scores for aggregation, = tripeptide score, AI = aliphatic index, II= instability index, Fn= frequency of occurrence of Asn, Ft = frequency of occurrence of Thr, Fy= frequency of occurrence of Tyr. It is very simple and easy method for the prediction of recombinant protein solubility. To evaluate the validity of this method test is performed. For this purpose dataset consist of 1500 proteins, out of which 1000 are soluble and 500 are insoluble. Each classifier was trained for the prediction of 450 protein sequences. This method will predict the protein solubility with greater accuracy of about 95.9%. The accuracy of this method is also compared with the previous work or methods. Results shows that this method has more accuracy and precision then other previous works.
Preparation and characterization of biodiesel from waste vegetable oil
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Muhammad Tawsif
Biodiesel was synthesized from waste cooking oil by three-step method. These steps include saponification, acidification and esterification. The waste cooking oil was collected from the restaurants of Gujranwala . During saponification, molar ratio of WCO and caustic soda was reacted accordingly to a reported optimized value. Silica gel was used as dehydrating agent to absorb water from the synthesized biodiesel. The percentage yield obtained by this method was 79%. Physical and chemical properties like viscosity, density, flash point, cloud point, saponification value, acid value and ester value were examined to analyze the quantity of biodiesel.
Preparation of gelatin grafted vinyl acetate-methylmethacrylate nanocomposite
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Urooj Fatima
The thought to make the environment green and restrict fossil sources is increasing day by day. Scientists are taking interest in producing green materials from renewable sources as they are biodegradable and non-toxic to living being and atmosphere. To get better response of those materials in technological terms, in particular thermal, mechanical and barrier properties, nanocomposites are commonly used. The alteration of natural polymers is a capable method for the synthesis of novel materials. In few years, great deal of attention has been exposed in the improvement of the production of natural-based nano composites. It is true that polymers and their yield have altered the appearance of the world in all the playing field of the expertise but these synthetic non biodegradable polymers have produced a dangerous condition for a hale and hearty life. So at this time our main concern to alter our research from non-biodegradable polymeric product to the biodegradable polymeric products. Proteins are extensively spread in nature. We select gelatine in our study because it is a self-assembled, nontoxic, biodegradable and inexpensive material. It is mostly used in pharmaceutical, food, photographic industries etc .Moreover, peptide units show high selectivity to interact with metal oxide. Conversely, toughness and brittleness of gelatin films caused difficulty in synthesis, which comes from their slight swelling behaviour in aqueous medium. In this study Gelatin-g-vinyl acetate methylmethacrylate Nanocomposite was prepared by free radical polymerization technique. Graft polymerization of vinylic monomers on their backbones in the existence of cross linkers is a competent approach to alter natural polymers. Results shows that this novel Nanocomposite can help in alter non-biodegradable polymeric product to the biodegradable polymeric products. That's why, in this study, we illustrate the preparation and characterization of a gelatin-g-poly(vinyl acetate methyl methacrylate) nanocomposite as a new natural-based polymer. The degradation studies showed degradation of polymer up to 44.39% and degradation with nanoparticle showed 46.67% degradation. The results showed that the grafting was a flexible tool to impart biodegradation to non biodegradation polymers. In addition of nanoparticle gave them a resistance against microbes up to an extent. Therefore this nano composite can be used successfully as biodegradable food packaging material.
Process analysis and feasibility study on using biodiesel for electricity generation
(University of Management and Technology, 2011) Mehwish Mujahid
The University has on-campus unutilized nearly twenty eight gallons of waste cooking oil that could be used more efficiently as biofuel. The waste cooking oil could turn into something that is economically efficient helping University power their generators and also be used as an educational asset to the University. If efficiently used, the waste cooking oil could become multifaceted in that it will benefit the University. The primary focus is to design a system in which the waste vegetables can be converted into Biodiesel .It is intended that this Biodiesel produced may ultimately be a fuel source for the power generation from the generators. The procedure includes survey of electricity and diesel cost, preparation of biodiesel from fresh and waste vegetable oil, analysis of biodiesel , comparison of cost and energy efficiency by running generators.

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