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Item Assessment of the Level of Service at Allama Iqbal International Airport(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Muhammad Amad Habibullah Swati, Nimra Faisal and Aneeqa NadeemThe purpose of tliis research project was to gain knowledge on the international departing passengers', perspective of the level of service within Allama Iqbal International Airport (AIIAP). The research included individual airport services as well as an overall level of service (i.e. in general). Feedback was obtained from airport passengers through a questionnaire (online and in-person). This was followed by analysis that was performed to determine the level of service in AIIAP, including the individual services, and the overall level of service. The results discussed showed tliat while the overall level of service was average, more of the individual services fell below the average rating than those above.Item Evaluation of pros and cons of Quadcopters (UAVs), suggestions to identify suitable measures to various sectors(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Mohammad Aitezaz, Rizwan Ali Shah and Fahad SabirThe development of Quadcopters (UAVs) technology has revolutionized the life of many people and has made businesses to adopt the technology at their earliest with its benefits and advantages it offers. In recent years, Quadcopters (UAVs) have their use for many commercial sectors which previously only had military use. Unmanned aerial vehicles are currently the most discussed in the field of emerging technologies. There will be unanticipated changes industries and businesses after switching to the use of drones and Quadcopters (UAVs) technologies. It likely to expand very much in the low-level airspace for the applications of filming, small deliveries and also for the military use. However, this technology has raised many questions related to safety, security and the major concern of intruding privacy of people. There are many incidents happened due to drone’s technology which triggered the attention of people towards the proper use of the drones. Also, opened up new field for researchers. This research presents the pros and cons of the (UAVs) in particular the Quadcopters, their use for three sectors i.e., Agriculture, filming and for surveillance & monitoring. Also, explaining advantage of this technology and its vital role in the development and advancement for the sectors already using them. New methods are being introduced and suggested by many researchers and technologists to tackle the situation raised due to this technology. In this research we will be reviewing many areas in which we analyze their potential benefits to the individual or business use, and also the challenges this technology face. We will be discussing how well aware users are with the right operations of Quadcopters, its effectiveness with regards to various factors and analyzing the results we obtain from our researchItem 5 and 4 Star Hotel Occupancy by Airline Crew in Lahore(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Hassan Nasir ,M. Talha Bilal and Hamza Alam VirkItem ENVIRONMENTAL CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN PAKISTAN AVIATION INDUSTRY AND ITS IMPACT ON BRAND IMAGE AND CUSTOMER LOYALTY(UMT, Lahore, 2021) SANA, WASEEM TAHIR and HAMZA ARSHIDPurpose of Study – The sole purpose of this research thesis is to find and analyze the CSR responsibility of Pakistan aviating industry and how it impacts brand image and customer loyalty among consumers. CSR is an emerging concept in Pakistan and many industries are working on it including Pakistan industries and aviation industry is from one of them. Design - Online survey was being conducted and data was collected from a total 442 respondents. Two questionnaires were made. One for ECSR, because the population for the ECSR were people of a particular aspect, they were the people who were on the position of making policy and implementation in operations, in an organization. Findings - This study was set to find the effect of Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility (ECSR) on Customer Loyalty (CL) and Brand Image (BI). And Brand Image effect on Customer Loyalty. Study found out that the ECSR had no effect whatsoever on the Customer Loyalty and Brand Image, the reliability analysis of the variables showed that the inter-item correlation is un-acceptable. . The Brand Image affected the CL to moderate extent. The effect was moderate. Research Limitations – This research has limitation that due to ongoing Corona-Virus Pandemic, Researcher were unable to physically administer questionnaire and see if the respondent answered carefully reading the questionnaire or not. This lead to the output of this study being poor and data was rendered unreliable. The Variables involved in this stud were not affecting each other much. This was because there were no practically proven thing that will support that the industry is implementing ECSR aspects or in process of implementing. Practical implications – Found out that in Pakistan Aviation Industry if the corporations like Airline and other stake-holder start to practice ECSR that might possibly positively affect CL and BI, rendering the organizations more business. But the indicators were showing poor relations in this regard. Theoretical implication – The study finding offer very valuable addition to the already stack of knowledge and awareness about the existing level of ECSR implementation in the industry. This study will help future researchers to consider and remove the limitations of this study. Key Words – Environmental corporate Social Responsibility in Pakistan, Pakistan Aviation Industry, Customer Loyalty, Brand Image.Item Impact of word of mouth on customer equity and retention(UMT, Lahore, 2021) FIDA REHMAN, MUHAMMAD AHMAD and ARSLAN AHMADAim “The aim of the study is to find the impact of word of mouth on customer retention and equity on the passengers of Pakistani airlines”. In these days where the world is progressing day by day and with the help of technological advancement and marketing strategies different business are progressing day by day. If you look at the airline industry which has become the largest source of transportation worldwide there is a greater opportunity of generating revenue and enhancing the economic growth of the country. Such researches are needed on Pakistani airlines so that they can acquire the strategies which can be used in order to enhance their business and attract their customers. In the previous studies it is shown that it is more expensive acquire a new customer compared to finding another one. So, researches like this help Pakistani airlines to build new strategies. Method Online survey has been done for the collection of data in which 30 questions regarding five variables were asked from the customers of Pakistani airlines including PIA Serene Air and Air blue. 225 respondents from the three airlines participated in the survey. Then the data is examined and analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Findings The data was taken from the respondents and then analyzed. The data shows the impact of word of mouth on customer satisfaction, Customer Equity of the customers, safety perception and Customer Retention. The findings shows that all of these variables have significant relation with the word of mouth and they corelate positively with each other. Conclusions After finding the study came with the conclusion that the impact of word of mouth is very significant and cannot be ignored so if the airlines want to succeed in their business and if they want to increases the customer equity and retain the customer then it is very important that they spread positive word of mouth about them. Key words: Customer retention, Customer equity, Word of mouth, Pakistani airlines and Customer SatisfactionItem The Impact of Green image on Customer Attitude, Desire and Behavior. A Case Study on Pakistan’s Airlines(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Ammar Iqbal Saleemi and Raza KhanIn recent years, a lot of concern has been shown about environmental activities in different industries including the aviation industry as well. There is not much work regarding this particular topic in Pakistan and especially domestic airlines haven’t paid much heed to this topic as well. Green image has now become a key point for the airlines for attracting customers by creating brand awareness and applying different marketing strategies according to customer attitude, desire and behavior. This study basically checks this aspect for which survey questioner was made and distributed among respondents having questions on Likert scale regarding their experience and thinking about the green image of an airline showing their attitude, desire and behavior. A sample of 250 respondents was collected on which different test was conducted including validity, reliability, regression and correlation. It was found that customer’s attitude, desire and behavior were directly affected by the green image of the airline. Brand awareness of green image was also seen as an important factor but marketing strategy was not considered to be much important factor in context with green image. Recommendations have been provided to airlines for taking serious note on green image not only as a social responsibility but to attract customers for their trend towards green practicesItem IMPACT OF GREEN IMAGE ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE, DESIRE, AND BEHAVIOR(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Zain Chaudhary, Hamza Shahbaz and Abdullah ArifWith the passage of time, people becoming more concern about environment protection and the negative effect of certain business activities on environment and aviation industry is from one of them which is continuously impacting the environment globally. This research topic has not paid much attention in the aviation sector of Pakistan hence, this indicates the importance of the chosen topic. Green image of airline has become an essential aspect to attract the customers by developing brand awareness and implementing green activities in aviation operations. This study identify and explains the results of the impact of green image (GI) on customer desire (CD), customer attitude (CA), and customer behavior (CB). This research has been carried out by collecting data through online survey by distributing questionnaires to the airline customers to analyze their concerns about green image airline and how they behave towards this concept. The results has shown that that customers are affected by green image of the airlines. In addition, it has been analyzed in this research that private airlines tend to be more concern towards green image (GI) then public airlines. There are certain limitations has been found while conducting this research. Main and first limitation is the lockdown due to Cvoid-19 which has greatly affected this study. Because of the safety measure and lockdown issue, data collection for this research has been done though online medium which cannot be considered entirely accurate because we were not present at the time when the respondents were responding to the questionnaires.Item Design & Manufacturing of Reduction Drive System for Trike Aircraft Engine(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Hafiz Muhammad Luqman, Muhammad Ahmad and Aziz ArshadThe project focuses on the design of a belt reduction drive system for a chain saw engine that will be utilized for trike general aircraft applications. The proposed design is developed for the engine that is present in the sponsor's company Techno-Crafts. It is altered with necessary alterations to develop it into a general aviation trike aircraft engine. The project is performed in extremely effective manners to address the design and development related concerns regarding the engine conversion, to maximize overall customer satisfaction with the offered workItem MODIFICATION OF WIND TUNNEL FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF AERODYNAMIC FORCES(UMT, Lahore, 2021) FAHMEEDA SHAHADAT and HIRA AFTABIn the modern-day world, WT technology have been emerging and succeeding in its acceptance and convenience, as different types of WTs are developed now to produce different speeds.The report discusses the construction and working principle of low cost subsonic open circuit wind tunnel. The open circuit wind tunnel can produce 0.03 Mach and Reynolds number of 6.4*10^4 with velocity of 9.5m/s inside the test section. The wind tunnel can measure the lift and drag over the airfoil NACA 0012. The dimensions of the airfoil are selected according to the dimensions of the test section. The airfoil comprises of specific material and the pressure taps are made by passing pressure lines inside the airfoil. The wind tunnel is equipped with nine electrical fans that passes the airflow over the airfoil. Lift and drag measurement is done by using pressure ports that are made chord wise on the airfoil. Digital manometers attached with the pressure ports by pressure lines. Manometer reading about the coefficient of pressure used for finding the lift and drag using integration. The airflow across the airflow is made visible by using smoke system inside the wind tunnel. The smoke system uses fog machine and reservoir. In the test section this smoke in converted into linear pattern by using a number of copper tubes. Quantitative measurements of lift and drag compared with experimental graphs of the wind tunnel experiment using same airfoil.Item Design & Development of a Static-Thrust Test-Bench for Aviation Based Piston Engines(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Mr. Syed Muhammad Basit Ali, Mr. Usama Saleem and Mr. Irtiza AliInternal combustion engines have been pioneers in the aviation industry, use of piston engines for aircraft propulsion, from propeller-driven bi-planes to turbo-prop, commercial and cargo airliners. To provide an adequate amount of thrust piston engine rotates the propeller at a specific rpm, allowing enough mass airflow. Thrust is the only forward-acting force of an aircraft that helps heavier than air bodies to fly. Depending on the mathematical model and variables included in that with correct measurement. Test benches have been a bench-mark in the aerospace industry to analyse the results before a flight, having paramount significance in reliability and safety engineering. Depending on the mathematical model and variables included in that with correct measurement. Calculation of thrust from a piston engine also depends on environmental changes, the diameter of the propeller, and the density of air. The project would be centered on piston engines used in the aviation industry for light aircraft and UAVs. A static thrust test bench involves various units, each performing a designed purpose to monitor and display. Static thrust tests are performed on the ground and safety concerns hold paramount importance. The execution of this study involves research, design, manufacturing, and results based on reverse engineering initiating from virtual design, analytical analysis, and simulations. The final evaluation of results gathered from various methods such as co-relation between conventional mass-spring and digital loadcell. On average we received 17.5kg of thrust (25+ engine run-ups – around 40 hours of engine run) only 10% deviation from analytical calculated thrust – providing 90% accuracyItem Onboard Flight Data Logger For A General Aviation Aircraft(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Talha Shahbaz and Muhammad Talha JahangirAircrafts have become increasingly sophisticated, especially in terms of the electronics equipment installed on them. With modern technology, it is possible for us to record multiple parameters of different types of aircrafts. However, the use of technology varies in aircrafts depending on manufacturer, aircraft design, operational requirements, model year, weight, size and other key parameters. In this paper, an integrated electronic sensor has been proposed that tracks different flight parameters including movements about the three axes, temperature, humidity, pressure, magnitude, altitude and acceleration. This sensor is based on Arduino Mega. The sensor can be used on board an aircraft for generating and keeping data of the flight trajectory. Such data can help in predicting possible issues that may occur to the aircraft in the future. Also, the sensor would serve as a real time check mechanism of the flight navigation instruments. It is not supposed to be integrated into any airborne instrument to avoid regulatory concerns. However, it would help in keeping flight data of all aircrafts. This data can then be used for quality and training purposesItem Manufacturing of Aircraft Composite Wheel Fairing(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Mr. Russell Dogra and Mr. Abdullah HamzaMost of the aircraft with fixed landing gears are equipped with wheel fairings. Wheel fairings are important to reduce the aerodynamic drag during flight, and to protect the landing gear from environmental hazards such as dirt, dust, rain, etc. The content of the report covers the complete manufacturing process of wheel fairing using composite materials. The first part of the study describes the purpose of wheel fairings with their advantages. The advantages of composite materials in the manufacturing of wheel fairings, and different manufacturing procedures currently used in the aviation industry. The last part of the report covers the modelling process of the wheel fairing design on SolidWorks, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of the wheel fairing on Ansys, the method of mould fabrication, and the manufacturing procedure of the composite wheel fairingItem Study of Walton Airport to Restore it as a National Civil Aviation Museum(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Haiqa Shabbir and Menahil AzharThe present study investigated the demand and need to preserve history of civil aviation in Pakistan by restoring Walton Airport as a National Civil Aviation Museum. Qualitative approach is used in this research as it focuses in understanding a research query as a humanistic or idealistic approach. In today’s world, preservation of history and related artifacts is very crucial. Keeping that in mind, Pakistan should have its own Civil Aviation Museum where it can preserve and showcase its history, antique aircrafts and artifacts as museums are the institutes where artifacts from the past are conserved, protected and displayed. Only Civil aviation can preserve its past by making a civil aviation museum which might otherwise be lost to private collectors or to time itself. The most suitable location for civil aviation museum is Walton Airport. Telephonic interview with many aviation experts was done. 80% of the experts are in favor of making a Civil Aviation Museum in the vicinity of Walton due to its rich history and importance while 20% are not interested as they are in favor of a business center that is going to be built on the land of Walton AirportItem IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON AIRLINE OPERATING EFFICIENCY(UMT, Lahore, 2021) WAQAS SHAHID, ASAD SHABBIR and SYED MUMAEZA BATOOLThis paper investigates the issues of characterizing, understanding, and improving operational efficiency of airline industry based on government policies. In this regard, the primary data were collected from top managers, middle managers and first line managers by providing them questionnaire scale. We conducted the quantitative study by deploying validity, reliability, and correlation and regression analysis to investigate the impact of government policies on airlines operating efficiency. We found significant impact and positive correlation between government policies and operating efficiencies, if well implemented, applicable, effective, efficient, outcome and feedback oriented. Therefore, aviation authorities must implement the government policies to improve the operational efficiency. Further, the limitations with future recommendations are also provided in discussion sectionItem A THESIS SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR’S IN AVIATION MANAGEMENT(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Sibt e Hassan and Muhammad Naqash KhanAllama Iqbal International Airport, the second biggest Airport in our country is facing tremendous issues regarding resources and it has not been able to meet the demands for the last two decades. Regarding this issue, an alternate view to this problem is presented which is constructing an alternate airport that can meet the future and current demands. Main aspects such as crowd handling, providing resources to international airlines to pool in their investments, and better architectural and technological features to ease the flow of operations were kept in sight. And all this was based on one of the best models available now which is the Hamad International Airport in Doha ranking as one of the best Airports as written and printed by the week. This was held as an inspiration for the construction and proposition of this idea of an alternate airport to tackle the ongoing inconsistencies in one of the most important Airports of our countryItem Impact of Monetary Rewards on employee’s performance and organizational efficiency(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Mohammad Zohaib, Tasmeer Wattoo and Arslan Asghar.The aim of this study is to examine the effect of monetary rewards on employee performance and organization efficiency. The study was focused on the employees and organizations of Aviation Industry working at AIIAP (Allama Iqbal International Airport). The specific objectives of this study were as follows to see the effect of monetary rewards on employee performance and organization efficiency, to see what type of rewards boosts the employee performance and organization efficiency, to study the relationship between monetary rewards and employee performance and organization efficiency. The independent variable in the study was monetary rewards (bonuses, extra pay, commissions) and the dependent variables were Employee Performance and Organization Efficiency. The sample of the study comprised of 209 employees working in Lahore Allama Iqbal International Airport (AIIAP). Data was collected using online survey questionnaire method. Questionnaire was developed using google forms. The data obtained was processed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and was analyzed using descriptive studies. The analyzed data was presented using tables, charts and graphs. Results indicated that there is a positive moderate relationship between monetary rewards and employee performance and organization efficiencyItem OPERATIONAL DESIGN OF ALTERNATE TO JINNAH INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (JIAP) KARACHI(UMT, Lahore, 2021) USMAN KHAN F2017001058 CH. HAMZA SHAHROSE ALI GUJJARPurpose – The purpose of the study is to consider the construction of the new airport into account because of existing exhausted facilities and the current airport growth rate is not able to full fill requirement till after two decades Methodology – For assessment of this research, the previous literature was adapted and already reliable scales are used. In line, the survey data were collected from expert‟s point of view. Qualitative descriptive analysis is deployed to examine & suggest the remedial measures. Findings – The study found that there is a significant need of new airport by considering the traffic growth; we need to consider the construction of the new airport into account Jinnah International Airport Karachi is largest domestic and international airport located in the city of Karachi and the province of Sindh, it is named after M. Ali Jinnah originator of the country Pakistan. Implications – Existing facilities at Jinnah Airport Karachi are going to be exhausted and the current airport growth rate is not able to full fill requirement till after two decades so that by considering the traffic growth we need to consider the construction of the new airport into account. The airport has fulfilled the requirement of all International and private airlines. The airport is fully designed with engineering and repairing facilities. This current project will provide the proposed plan for the old Karachi airport to the new airport to fulfill the future requirement. It also covers a lot of other aspects related to airport operational, technological and infrastructure up-gradation system and environmentally friendly system etcItem IMPACT OF ALLAMA IQBAL INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT PRIMARY RUNWAY 36R/18L CLOSURE ON THE FINANCIAL AND OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF PAKISTANI AIRLINES(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Muhammad Shakaib Ali Choudhary, Ammar Younas and Areeb MustafaThe main purpose of this study is to evaluate the operational efficiency and financial efficiency effected by the primary runway closure 36R/18L of Allama Iqbal International Airport. The study has been conducted on an independent variable that impacted the operational and financial efficiency of Pakistani airlines. This study includes one independent variable that is Runway Closure. On the other hand, there are two dependent variables that are Operational Efficiency and Financial in Pakistani Airlines which has been measured and expressed with the help of independent variable named as Runway Closure. Three variables have been taken for this study. Twenty-five research articles have been studied and analyzed thoroughly while conducting this research. This study analyzed the association between the dependent and independent variables. A number of tests were run for analysis purpose that includes descriptive statistics, factor analysis, KMO test, ANOVAs test, reliability test and regression analysis. This study concluded that operational efficiency and financial efficiency of Pakistani Airlines does have relationship with Runway Closure and further on we have performed this research with help of an article named as Exploration and Exploration in Organizational Learning and our Base Article for this research is A Method of Estimating the Cost of Unexpected Runway Closure Due to Accidents and Incidents.Item Impact of training and development on employees’ performance and productivity of airlines of Pakistan(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Muhammad Talha Rehman, Arshman Khan and Hamza QayyumFirst of all, we would like to thank Allah Almighty the One who bless us with the capabilities to be successful in completion of this research paper. History of all authentic works has indicates that none of the great work can be accomplish without the support of an experts. In this regard, we would like to thank our advisor Ms. Amna Hafeez who is the permanent faculty of IAS, UMT who guide us throughout the thesis. She fulfills her duty of advisory responsibly and sensibly by suggesting us this interesting and authentic topic for thesis. Successful completion of this research was not expected without her guidance, support, and supervision. We would also like to thanks our Ph.D. Supervisor Dr. Ahmad Aizaz who approved this paper according to his expertise and proficiency. We would also extend our thanks to PIA Captain Imran Saeed who is currently positioned as Principal of IAS, UMT for his endless efforts to support the career of aviators. In addition, we are thankful to all of the participants who are airline employees as to achieve the research objectives was not possible without their participation. At last, we would like to thanks to all of those who support our journey and entire faculty of IAS. We pray that May Allah bless all of the mentioned persons with healthy and successful life.Item Air Crashes Proven Due to Human Factor Under “Latent Error(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Asad Saleem, Muhammad Zain and Muhammad Saljooq NisarIn aviation industry, all activities revolve around the aircraft to ensure the effective and safe operations. Aviation industry ensure and prioritize the safety of an aircraft. But somehow air crash occurs due to mainly three factors which are technical factor, external factor and human factor. Out of these, human factor or latent error is most crucial cause of accidents because it is almost unnoticeable and often overlooked while finding the cause of accidents. For this issue, HFACS model was proposed which looks into different types of latent errors that may occur in aviation industry. Using this model, accidents occurred in Pakistani, American and Canadian Airlines were analysed and found out what kind of latent error is occurred most and which country’s airline reported more accidents due to latent error. It was found that Canadian Airlines reported more case due to latent error and was found that the latent error is not blamed as the major cause of the accident.