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Item A Comparative Performance Analysis of Islamic & Conventional Banking(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Altaf AhmadThe assessment of financial performance of banks is of particular importance in all societies and economic systems, given the scarcity of economic and financial resources compared to the large needs. Banks face a peculiar situation where most of the financial resources are borrowed from the depositors or shareholders. Therefore, one of the most important challenges facing bank managers is how to efficiently use the financial resources available to them. Financial indicators are the most common analytical tools used to assess the overall and partial performance of all organizations. The objective of this research is to critically evaluate the performance indicators which are used in previous studies and propose a comprehensive indicator to check the performance of selected Islamic and Conventional banks of Pakistan over the period of 2011-2016. The comprehensive indicator of performance is comprised of indicator of profitability, customer satisfaction and cost & revenue efficiency. The efficiencies are measured by using Stochastic Frontier Analysis, while overall indicator has been constructed by using Principle Factor Analysis. This study provides ranking of selected banks based on the new performance indicator and insights to the possible determinants in conventional and Islamic banking system. This study then compares the determinants of performance such as Bank size, Operating efficiency, Management efficiency, Employee efficiency, and Funding cost between conventional and Islamic banks which are comparable in size. To compare the determinants of performance, regression analysis is applied. Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) approach is later used to estimate the determinants of performance. Findings show that Meezan bank is ranked at the top in revenue efficiency and Askari bank ranks first in cost efficiency. In overall performance comparison, Meezan bank is at the highest position. This study identifies Operating efficiency, Management efficiency, Employee efficiency, and Funding cost as important determinants of the performance of Pakistani banking sector.Item ALLEVIATION OF POVERTY FROM ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE(UMT.Lahore, 2015-10)The research paper takes into account analysis of the causes of Poverty and the methods being used for its measurement. The main aim of the research is whether the poverty alleviation schemes being run are according to the Islamic Laws (Shariah) or not. In the first stage this research will cover detailed study and analysis of previous research work already carried out by the research scholars, for which a lot of information is available through various sources.Item APPLICATION OF BAI SALAM IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR OF PAKISTAN(UMT.Lahore, 2015-08) MIR SAJJAD RAFIQIslamic Banking is taking up its roots fast in the Muslim World including Pakistan mainly due to the Islamic Shariah prohibition of indulging in the practice of Interest (Riba) and hence to earn their livelihood in conformity with the Shariah framework. The seed of Islamic Banking was sowed in Pakistan in 1981 with the establishment of Federal Shariat Court. But with the start of Islamic Banking in Pakistan, criticism also followed on its working and interpretation of Shariah Principles. Majority of the Ulemas of different Schools of Thought in Pakistan did not approve of the prevalent Islamic Banking which has thrown a challenge to the Islamic Scholars to bring forth True Islamic Products on the Financing side and their mode of administration to conform to Shariah laws. On the liability side the Scholars are in conformity that it should be done on Modarababasis.Item APPLICATION OF SHARIAH COMPLAINT E COMMERCE MODEL ON CONSUMER TRUST(UMT, Lahore, 2023-02-03) SHAYKH HASSAN ALIThe advancement of information technology and the Internet has transformed how individuals do business and trade, moving it from a conventional setting to an online platform. Nowadays, people can buy and sell various goods online. However, the availability of trust significantly impacts how popular these online transactions become. Therefore, it is essential to comprehend e-commerce practices that adhere to Shariah or Islamic principles to build confidence among Muslim users. This study examines the application of Shariah complaint e-commerce models on consumer trust in the e-commerce industry of Pakistan. The study uses a simple random sampling technique to gather data from Pakistani citizens who are frequent users of e-commerce and have been directly involved with e-commerce-related transactions over the last two months from Lahore, Pakistan. The data from 317 respondents is taken for the current study. A self-structured close-ended questionnaire is developed to collect the primary data on the Shariah-compliant e-commerce models of consumer trust in Pakistan. Data analysis and hypothesis testing are done through Smart PLS (version 4.0). The study concluded that avoidance of forbidden elements, subject matter and service quality has a positive and statistically significant influence on the consumer’s trust in the e-commerce industry of Pakistan. The study further concluded that service quality mediates the relationship between the dimensions of the e-commerce model and consumer trust. It means that a Shariah-compliant e-commerce model consisting of variables avoidance of forbidden elements, contracting parties, and objects and prices positively and significantly influence consumer trust. Therefore, it is necessary for the time that government of Pakistan should pay attention to developing the e-commerce mechanism by making regulations that benefit all parties equallyItem AXIOMS OF FINANCIAL MARKET IN ISLAM PAST-PRESENT-FUTURE(UMT, Lahore, 2015-08-31) FAHAD AHMED QURESHIShariah law states that the responsibility of a man is to structure this world without annihilation force, in the interim or after the building. If acerbic tree to make caricature expedite to the terra firma deterioration then that acerbic tree categorized as annihilation to the terra firma and intrinsically become prohibited. Islam is a schema for entire universe and is extravagant bounteous than Halal and Haram. In the macrocosm corporate atmosphere, Islamic perspective of Financial Markets is an emerging practical field of study with a few material available in published form discussing authentic insight and practical perspective to the Islamic outlook on axioms and principles related to its operational, managerial and ethical issues. Axioms of Financial Market in Islam address a sole feature of Islamic financial market that has been consequently slighted. It aims to support the theoretical framework for understanding the IFM, as well as, code of conduct and code of ethics and demonstrate practical perspective for contemporary financial market i.e. leaders, participants and corporates.Item Business Plan for New Sub Campus of School of Professional Advancement(UMT, Lahore, 2020) Usman Qamar Khan; Fahad Ahmad Khan Khakwani; Ammad Anwar; Hassan Ali Khan; Tahir RiazEducation is the basic right of every human being and it is the duty of governing management to provide this facility to every rich and poor. But this fact is merely a dream in developing countries like Pakistan. In Pakistan, our preferences are something far different than those of any developed and civilized country people have. We do have large gaps in communities, poor are so poorer and rich community is so rich and there are lesser mediocre. The reason behind the sustained poverty level is unaffordability of good education, elite class prefers to go abroad for studies, and the only left community that prefers to get education in the country is of mediocre, who any how manages to bear the cost of higher education in the country. In Pakistan, higher education is too expensive for everyone to bear. And the institutes that are already performing well in the education market, in both government and private sector, are tough to compete. In this situation, planning a new campus of SPA-UMT is not just a challenge but an excellent opportunity for us to show our professional managerial talent. This project was assigned to us from the department to propose to a business plan for new sub campus of SPA-UMT. We started this project with the industry analysis in which through different analysis we need to figure out the about the favorability of industry with investment point of view. From the industry analysis we have figured that industry is favorable. Then our second phase was gap analysis to identify that is there a gap which needs to be filled? And to tap the untapped market. We have done strategic group analysis; locational strategy and competitive analysis to check about the competitiveness and which strategy should be adopt to enter into the market if the gap exists. Then our phase was to identify the customer preferences for which we have collected the data through questioner survey of desired specific locations. Our target unit was professional which has fourteen or sixteen years of education and wants to get professional degree to excel in careers further. Residents of DHA/Gulberg/Cavalry were offered to fill the questioners and from those filled questioners we have concluded that it will be a healthy decision to develop a new SPA-UMT branch in DHA because the gap was available, target audience was available and acceptance of services is also available. A thorough literature survey has also been carried in this regard including, PEST analysis, SWOT analysis, Competitive analysis, critical success factor analysis, value chain analysis, IEE & IFE matrix analysis and porter’s five factor analysis. Results of questioner analysis are discussed in detail, which showed an overall positive response of vicinity residents for UMT sub-campus development in DHA. To check the validation of we have also developed the feasibility report to check that either it will be feasible or not in business point of view. Income statement, balance sheet and other reports are developed on real time information regarding all types of costs and human resources calculation to develop the best possible projections. IRR (Internal Rate of Return) and PBR (Pay Back Period) is also calculated to check the validation of this project. In proposed feasibility report both 8 Marla cut and 4 Marla cut calculations are available. Bring this project into reality we need approximately 20 million in hand. The complete market plan is developed which is covering and proposing the best possible strategies to capture the market and maintain the sustainability. All the seven P’s are covered according to our product service offerings, how we will put our services and which will be the facilities we will be providing to our potential prospect. This project covers all the angles of business plan from industrial analysis to marketing plan to show the best possible projection of outcomes.Item CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF SHIRKAT (MUSHARKAH) & IT’S CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN ISLAMIC BANKS OF PAKISTAN(UMT,Lahore, 2018) HAFIZ MUHAMMAD UMER RABBANIAlthough, Musharakah and Mudarbah are the two primary Islamic modes of finance in Islamic banking system but the Islamic banking industry is partially failed to promote these Islamic modes of finance in its practice. The essence of Islamic banking is participation in the risks and returns of investment projects by utilizing participatory Islamic financial contracts like Musharakah. Partnership modes of financing are far better than the general trends of Islamic banks. To achieve the level of excellence, it is compulsory for the industry to move from Shariah compliant modes like Murabaha and ijara towards participatory (Shariah based) modes like Musharakah. Musharakah still is viewed to be extremely risky. It appears to be the major reason of not practicing the Musharakah in Islamic finance. It is an essential requirement to develop risk management techniques to solve other issues related to implementation and growth of Musharakah. The given research shed light on conceptual framework of shirkat (musharkah) & it’s contemporary issues in islamic banks of pakistan and will consider those factors that made the marginal application of Musharakah based financing by the Islamic Banks possible.Item CONTRIBUTION OF BANKING TO AGRICULTURE GROWTH , A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL AND ISLAMIC FINANCING(UMT,Lahore, 2018) IQRA SOHAILItem Customer Relationship Management & Customer Loyalty in Islamic Banking Pakistan(UMT,Lahore, 2015) ASLAM HAYAT MANZOORIslamic Finance has grown and is being considered as a better alternative for dealing with the structural weakness of conventional financial system that is responsible for repeated financial crises all over the world. Islamic banking has its distinguished strengths like participation in real economic activity and being inbuilt risk management mechanism, detailed investment disclosures and the highest standards of corporate governance. Islamic finance is increasingly winning the confidence of consumers across the globe. Shariah Based Compliance is a comparative edge for Islamic financial Institutions besides the basic customer demand of service quality. In present research, the role of Customer Relationship Management (model having focused on customer loyalty) has been used to analyze the perception of Islamic banking customers with special emphasis on the core competency of Shariah Compliance. A preliminary Questionnaire (adapted from SERVQUAL and CARTER Model) has been used to determine the factors which influence customer Satisfaction/ Loyalty. Data has been collected from 152 respondents using a convenience sampling technique. T-tests have been used to find the extent of relationship among different factors of CRM and ultimate objective of customer loyalty. The results depicts that there is a strong positive association among different components of customer loyalty and CRM. There are fewer studies that I could find in which focus has been made specifically to Shariah compliance aspect of Islamic banking. Islamic banking is getting the increased market share in terms of total assets, deposits, financing and investment, so this study is very important for getting new customers and retaining the existing relationships.Item Decoding Deception(UMT, Lahore, 2024-08-16) MUHAMMAD ASAD AHMAD KHANIn the digital age, email remains a critical communication tool for individuals and businesses alike. However, the prevalence of email spam has escalated, posing significant threats through phishing attacks, malware dissemination, and fraudulent schemes. Effective spam detection is paramount in safeguarding sensitive information and maintaining the integrity of communication systems. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of various “Machine Learning” algorithms for email spam classification using a public dataset. The primary objective was to compare the performance of different classifiers, specifically Naive Bayes, SVM, Logistic Regression, k Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), and Random Forest, employing two distinct text vectorization techniques: “Bag of Words (BoW)” and “Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF IDF)”. Preprocessing steps, including tokenization, stop word removal, and stemming, were applied to enhance the text data quality. Extensive experiments were conducted on the full dataset and subsets of 40% and 70% to validate the robustness of the models across varying data volumes. The findings reveal that the SVM classifier with “TF-IDF” vectorization achieved the highest performance, boasting an accuracy of 98.57%, precision of 98.64%, recall of 99.09%, and an F1 score of 0.99. These results underscore the efficacy of SVM in capturing the nuanced patterns inherent in spam email detection. Furthermore, this research emphasizes the critical role of text vectorization techniques in augmenting classifier performance. The novelty of my work primarily lies in the dataset itself. As of the time of writing this thesis, and to the best of my knowledge, this dataset has not yet been explored or utilized in prior research. My analysis provides valuable insights into the optimal algorithmic approaches for spam email detection, contributing to the broader field of text classification and enhancing the accuracy of automated email filtering systems. This work is vital in the ongoing battle against email-based threats, ensuring a more secure and reliable digital communication environment.Item DETERMINANTS OF PROFITABILITY OF ISLAMIC BANKS; SOME EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN(UMT, Lahore, 2015) Muhammad Adeel KamranFinancial and banking sector is the backbone of the healthy economic growth and playing a vital role in deployment of country showing their valuable impact on capital and money markets. In Pakistan, banks have been facing major challenges in volatile socio-political circumstances and economic instability over the past few years. The key purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of profitability in Islamic banking sector of Pakistan over the period 2006-2014. This study identifies the significantly influenced determinants of profitability of five selected IBs of Pakistan. The financial ratios i.e. ROA and ROE are utilized as dependent variables whereas, five internal indicators [Bank Size, Shareholder's Equity Ratio, Assets Quality, Ratio of Non-Remunerative accounts to Remunerative accounts & Operating Efficiency] and one external indicator [Bank Rate of Return], are used as independent variables. The empirical results showed a strong evidence that all these variables have a strong significance level and influence over profitability of long established & well capitalized banks and also evidenced that impact of performance indicators on ROE & ROA during global financial crises was ignorable for Islamic banks in Pakistan rather few malfunctioning of scale of economies (Hasan & Diridi, 2010) and (Hassan, 2010). 1 The results also showed that the prominent assets management does not affect on increasing trend of profitability directly on banks' books but some patterns of effective management is required to augment the profits level.Item DETERMINANTS OF ADOPTION ATTITUDE TOWARDS ISLAMIC CREDIT CARDS USAGE(UMT, Lahore, 2020) HAFIZA ANAM MASOODThe basic purpose of this research study was to analyze and investigate the determinants of adoption attitude towards Islamic credit cards usage among the Islamic bank‟s customers of Pakistan. The study was conducted to measure the important factors that affect the attitude towards the usage of Islamic credit cards. The study also highlighted the major issues and challenges being faced in promotion of Islamic credit cards. A sample of 100 respondents was used for achieving the study objectives with the help of research instrument. The research also got feedback from Shariah scholars regarding the implementation of Islamic credit cards in Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. The study found that that knowledge, media awareness, family influence, religious beliefs and perception has direct association with the adoption attitude towards Islamic credit card usage. However, only perception, media awareness and religious belief plays significant contribution in adoption attitude towards Islamic credit card usage. The study also found that there is a need to resolve the legal issues related to the Islamic credit card in Pakistan so this is determined to examine these issues and to provide Shariah-based models, so that Islamic banks that provide Islamic credit card services can be of paramount importance in promoting the credit cards.Item DETERMINANTS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN ISLAMIC BANKING SECTOR OF PAKISTAN(UMT.Lahore, 2016) MUHAMMAD ALI ASLAMIslamic banking in Pakistan experienced a remarkable development and increasingly challenging pace over the past decade. The primary purpose of conducting this research work was to examine the major determinants that may influence the satisfaction level of Pakistani customers in the Islamic banking. Service quality, product quality and awareness level were used to measure the impact on customer satisfaction in Islamic banking of Pakistan. The research study also figured out why consumers prefer Islamic banking over conventional banking system. The study made used of a questionnaire, filled by 116 customers of Islamic banks in full by random sampling. Descriptive statistics, one sample t-test and factor analysis were employed to achieve the objectives of the study.Item DETERMINANTS OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF TAKAFUL AND INSURANCE COMPANIES; EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN(UMT.Lahore, 2017) ZOYA TANVEERResearch Purpose: The main aim of this research study is to determine the financial fundamental ratios that may influence on the financial performance of the KSE - 100 index listed insurance and takaful companies. The research study determines the important selected financial variables that an investor / decision maker considers to be impact significantly on the insurer’s financial performance.Item Effect of Islamic Banking on Financial Deepening among the Pakistani Muslim(UMT,Lahore, 2018) Hafiza Sadia SanamItem EFFECTIVENESS OF ISLAMIC MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS THROUGH CUSTOMER’S SATISFACTION IN PAKISTAN(UMT,Lahore, 2018) SHAHBAZ AKMALMicrocredit initiative is widely acclaimed as an approach to alleviate poverty and bring about development, but recently the effectiveness of the microcredit programs has been appeared to be a focus of debate in finance and economics literature. This study seeks to determine the effectiveness of Islamic microcredit programs on the comfort level of the Islamic Microfinance system in Pakistan. The research made it easy to see what effectiveness the Islamic microfinance system is bringing in SMEs sector in the country. An exploratory survey is conducted to analyze the microfinance members’ evaluation about the microfinance schemes adopted by different Islamic microfinance institutes (IMFIs) in Pakistan. The data is collected from the 88SMEs owners located near Lahore (Punjab), Pakistan. The independent variables are cost of loan, income and living standard, loan repayment policy, Shariah compliance and loan utilizing opportunities, while the dependent variable is microcredit customer’s satisfaction examined through a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. Regression analysis is applied and found that income, loan repayment policy, loan Utilization opportunities, loan cost and Shariah compliance has statistically significant impact on the microcredit customer’s satisfaction.Item EFFECTIVENESS OF ISLAMIC MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS THROUGH CUSTOMER’S SATISFACTION IN PAKISTAN(UMT, Lahore, 2019) SHAHBAZ AKMALMicrocredit initiative is widely acclaimed as an approach to alleviate poverty and bring about development, but recently the effectiveness of the microcredit programs has been appeared to be a focus of debate in finance and economics literature. This study seeks to determine the effectiveness of Islamic microcredit programs on the comfort level of the Islamic Microfinance system in Pakistan. The research made it easy to see what effectiveness the Islamic microfinance system is bringing in SMEs sector in the country. An exploratory survey is conducted to analyze the microfinance members’ evaluation about the microfinance schemes adopted by different Islamic microfinance institutes (IMFIs) in Pakistan. The data is collected from the 88SMEs owners located near Lahore (Punjab), Pakistan. The independent variables are cost of loan, income and living standard, loan repayment policy, Shariah compliance and loan utilizing opportunities, while the dependent variable is microcredit customer’s satisfaction examined through a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. Regression analysis is applied and found that income, loan repayment policy, loan Utilization opportunities, loan cost and Shariah compliance has statistically significant impact on the microcredit customer’s satisfaction.Item FACTORS AFFECTING THE GROWTH OF ISLAMIC MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN PAKISTAN(UMT.Lahore, 2017-05) SHAHID SAFDARPakistan is an under develop economy having a population of about 200 million. It is the six most populous country of the world with high level of poverty. The Government and social sector organizations are using many tools to alleviate poverty. However, despite many attempts have been done for the basic necessities of human, it is still growing in Pakistan rapidly. Micro Finance considered being the globally accepted as an important tool to alleviate poverty. Pakistan officially declared Islamic Republic of Pakistan has great potential of Islamic micro financing. This research study aimed to study and identify the factors that impact on the growth of Islamic microfinance sector in Pakistan. A questionnaire is employed to achieve the research objectives of the study. The data is collected from 60 high ranked individuals having number of years‟ experience in the Islamic micro finance industry of Pakistan. One sample t-test and regression model is applied to examine the determinants of Islamic micro financing sector growth in Pakistan. The findings of the study revealed that structural issues of Islamic micro finance institutions, availability of Shariah complaint funds, availability of Islamic micro finance products, non-entrepreneurial approach of community, lack of regulatory and policy framework are the main problem areas hampering the growth of IMFIs in Pakistan.Item Financial Stability of Islamic Banks(UMT, Lahore, 2019-09) Sidra AyoubItem FINANCING OF ISLAMIC BANKS IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR OF PAKISTAN(UMT,Lahore, 2015) Asim ShahzadAgriculture is an important sector of any economy; country like Pakistan agriculture sector has leading position in the growth of economy. Agricultural mechanism boosts up the GDP growth rate and revolutionizes the frame of Pakistan economy. This revolutionary epoch make role of financial sector most crucial to meet the need of the day. Pakistani agriculturists are much bounded to the religious traits than the industrial populace, and reluctant to utilize the financial facilities provided by the conventional banking. Islamic banking system in Pakistan has least contribution in the development of argi-business development.