Department of Clinical Psychology

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https://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/986

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Attachment patterns, emotional and behavioral problems and social intelligence in shantytown and mainstream school children
(University of Management and Technology, 2014) Sabeeka Pervaiz
The aim of the current research was to identify the Attachment Patterns, Social Intelligence and the Emotional and Behavioral Problems in children of mainstream and shantytown. A total of 408 participants selected through stratified sampling with equal proportion of gender and schools. The age range of the participants ranges from 11-17 years (M=1.31, SD =.456). All the children were given demographic Performa that includes age of the children, their school type, parental education, and the gender. To identify the Attachment patterns Attachment Questionnaire for Children (AQC, Muris, Mesesters, Melick & Zwambag, 2001) was used. Emotional and behavioral problems of children were identified through the School Children's Problems Scale (Saleem & Mahmood, 2011) and the Social Intelligence Scale (Yousaf, Saleem, & Mahmood, 2012) was used to measure the Social Intelligence of the school children. The results of hierarchal regression revealed that attachment patterns, social intelligence and being a child of shantytown were found to be the significant positive predictors to develop the Emotional and the Behavioral Problems .The study was conducted according to the culture of the Pakistan. The shantytown school children have more emotional and behavioral problems as compare to mainstream school children. Results are discussed in terms of demographical variables and the implication of this research will helpful in school counseling.
Cyber bullying and mental health problems in university students
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Maaza Saeed
Present study investigated the relationship between “Cyberbullying”and “Mental Health Problems” in University Students. A sample of 200 university students with age range of 18 years and above (M=1.21, SD=.408).“Cyberbullying Assessment Scale”and “student problem checklist” with demographic Performa was used to obtain information.it was found that more than half participants had been cyber-bullied. Females are slightly more Cyberbullied than males, males are more likely to be Cyberbullies than their female counterparts. female cyberbully victims were more likely to inform adults than their male counterparts. Overall it was seen that Cyber bullying is the positive predictor of Mental Health Problems in university students. Limitation and suggestions for future research are discussed. The results are discussed in the specific cultural context of Pakistan.
Emotion regulation strategies and mental health problems in adolescents
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Tehmina Yasser
The current study aimed to explore the phenomenon of emotion regulation and its relation with the mental health problems in adolescents. For this purpose cross sectional research design was used. This research was carried out in a series.The total number of participants was 364 (53% boys and 43% girls) with an age range 10-19 years. An indigenous scale was developed for the assessment of emotion regulation, namely ERQA along with demographic Performa, and for mental health problems SCPS was administered. Factor analysis revealed three factors, namely Internalizing, Active Resolution and Distraction. Hierarchial Regression Analysis was run which showed that the nternalizing factor of ERQA was the positive predictor of the mental health problems and Active Resolution was found to be a negative predictor of mental health problems. Distraction was not found to be the predictor of mental health problems. Gender, sector and attachment styles were also found to be strong predictors of mental health problems. Research results were discussed in terms of clinical and research implication, cultural differences and its impact on the mental health problems of the adolescents.
Emotional and behavioral problem and coping strategies in orphan and non-orphan institutionalized adolescents
(University of Management and Technology, 2014) Shazia Sharif
This study was aimed to explore relationship between Emotional and Behavioral problems and Coping Strategies in institutionalized orphan and non-orphan adolescents. A cross sectional design (correlational study) was used for this study.The total sample obtained 373 participants with the age range of 12-19 years, the mean age 15.06 (SD =1.59). Coping Strategies Scale was developed obtained, 47 items with 4-point rating scale for Adolescents according to the Pakistani cultural context. The first phase of scale development was to explore the phenomena; and approved from five Professional Clinical Psychologists after the certain procedure for Empirical validation of scale then Pilot Study was carried out. The three factors of Coping Strategies Scale were finalized by using scree plot with high internal consistency. The School Children Problems Scale (SCPS) was another measure for emotional and behavioral problems (Saleem&Mahmood, 2011) and age, gender, number of sibling, class, and school were included in demographic Performa. The results indicated there was almost equal proposition of participants, non-orphan participants are 51% and orphans are 49%, total boys were 49% and girls were 51%. The findings of t-test represented that orphan participants have more emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) and use more Emotion Focused than non-orphan participants. The Multiple regression analysis showed the significant relationship between Emotion Focused Coping and all factors of SCPS. However, Problem Focused Coping has no significant relationship with EBPs and Spirituality has a strong inverse relationship with the EBPs. The Hierarchal Regression Analysis revealed that being orphan, male participants (boys) of 10th class found to be positive predictor of EBPs. Nevertheless, overall gender wise boys are more predictor of EBPs than girls.
Emotional intelligence and interpersonal difficulties in university students
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Sehrish Niazi
The aim of this research was to find out the relationship Emotional Intelligence and Interpersonal Difficulty in University Students. The study was carried out with two scales, Trait Emotional intelligence Scale and Interpersonal Difficulties Scale. The study sample comprising 300 student's age range was 18-25(Males 49.70%, Females50.30%), administered Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire- Short Form (TEIQue-SF, 2006) and Interpersonal Difficulties scale (IDS, 2014) along with demographic variables. Findings suggest that there is a significant negative relationship between Interpersonal Difficulties Scale and Trait Emotional Intelligence Scale. Hierarchical regression analysis Predicts that Emotional intelligence are strong indicators of Interpersonal Difficulties.Findings also showed that boys have more unstable relations and as compare to girls soboys have more interpersonal difficulties as compared to girls. Emotional intelligence and interpersonal problems have no significant relationship on demographics variables except siblings
Identity and mental health issues in college students
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Ijaz, Asma
This research aims to identify the relationship between identity and mental health issues in college students. Life of students at college level is full of stressors as adjustment problems because they attend ten years of schooling before entering in college, career choice issues and pressures for future life, pubertal changes that changes their moods and many other mental issues present in college students (Helfrich, 2008).
Interpersonal difficulties, coping styles, and mental health problems of trainee clinical psychologists
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Saba Khalid
Trainee clinical psychologists experience various interpersonal problems due to their hectic training work. The current research work aimed to explore the relationship between Interpersonal Difficulties, coping styles and Mental Health Problems of trainee clinical psychologists. Sample of 300 (150 trainees and 150 non- trainees psychologists) was included with the mean age M=24.83 and SD= 2.08. Interpersonal Difficulty Scale (IDS) (Saleem, Ishan & Mahmood, 2012) was used to identify interpersonal difficulties, Brief Cope (BC) (Carver, 1997) for the identification of coping styles and Student Problem Checklist (SPCL) (Mahmood & Saleem, 2011), in order to identify mental health problems of the participants. Internal consistency was identified with the help of Cronbach Alpha that is (α= .90, α=.89 α=.75). Results revealed positive correlation between interpersonal difficulties, coping and mental health problems. There was significant difference in the interpersonal difficulties experienced by trainees and non- trainees (MPhil- psychology). Results revealed that in trainee's group interpersonal difficulties increased semester wise whereas in other group no change was found. Moreover, interpersonal difficulties are the positive predictor of mental health problems in trainees. However, adaptive coping styles were used more by trainees and maladaptive by non-trainees.
Interpersonal Difficulties, Social Intelligence and Mental Health Problems In University Students
(University of Management and Technology, 2013) Ihsan, Zubia
Present study investigated the relationship among Interpersonal Difficulties, Social Intelligence and Mental Health Problems in University Students. A sample of 448 college students was selected through multiple sampling technique; comprising of 223 males and 225 females of 3rd to 6th year with age range of 18-24 years (M=20.41, SD=1.52). To measure the Interpersonal Difficulties in students, an indigenous scale on Interpersonal Difficulties was developed according to the Pakistani cultural context by exploring phenomenology which showed high alpha reliability(α=.87) and construct validity with 6 factors solution based on Principal Component Factor Analysis. Social Intelligence Scale was used to measure Social Intelligence and it had one positive and one negative pole whereas to measure the Mental Health Problems Student Problem Checklist was used. Demographic Performa was also used to obtain some basic information about research participants like gender, age, area etc. Complete research protocol was administered in small groups of 10-15 students at a time from one class. Psychometric properties of all the measures used in the main study were determined. Regression Analysis revealed the Social Manipulation (-ive pole) was a positive predictor whereas Social Facilitation and Social Adaptability (+ive pole) were negative predictors of Interpersonal Difficulties and Mental Health Problems. Results also revealed that Interpersonal Difficulties including Proneness to Passivity, Low Self Confidence, Lack of Social Support and Lack of Boundaries were also Positive predictors of Mental Health Problems. T-test results revealed the gender differences whereas ANOVA results showed the differences among 4 levels of classes on the research variables. The results are discussed in the specific cultural context of Pakistan.
Job related stressors and mental health of police officers
(University of Management and Technology, 2014) Ayesha Tariq
The aim of this study is to determine job stressors and mental health functioning of Police Officers. By reviewing the literature it was determined Police employees are in constant exposure to occupation related stressors due to their job structure and demand and often suffer from traumatic situations and are higher risk of developing mental health problems. Due to job frame work and organizational factors police officers are at high risk for development of mental health problems. Cross-sectional research design was used and 331 male District Police Officers were selected through purposive sampling to investigate the relationship between job related stressors and mental health problems faced by District Police Officers. An indigenous scale, Job Stressors Scale (JSS) was developed by using psychometric properties to examine job related stressors. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ 30) was used to examine mental health of Police officers. Correlation analysis was carried out to find the relationship between JSS and GHQ, t-test, ANOVA was carried out was carried out to investigate difference between job stressors and mental health problems among different age groups, ranks, demographic groups, and experience. Regression analysis was also carried out enhance the possible predictors of job related stressors and mental health problems Police Officers. Findings of research indicate significant positive correlation between JSS and GHQ 30. Results of the study depicted that officers with higher job related stressor have more mental health problems. Results also indicate significant difference between mental health functioning of constables and higher officers.
Job satisfaction, sleep quality and mental health problems in nurses
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Muhammad Irfan
The study focused to examine the relationship of sleep quality, job satisfaction and mental health problem in nurses. The aim of this study was to assess the job satisfaction, sleep quality and mental health problem of nurses in Pakistan culture. As nurses duty is very stressful duty and it could be a highly risk factors for developing mental health problems. The cross sectional research design was used to examine relationship among sleep quality, job satisfaction and mental health problems. Stratified random sample of 200 nurses (35% males and 65%females) were taken from public hospitals of Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan. The study was carried out with three scales namely The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Job Satisfaction survey and Depression Anxiety, Stress Scale. All the measures were adapted. The result revealed that there are positive correlation of sleep quality with job satisfaction and mental health problems. The results also revealed that there was a negative correlation of job satisfaction and mental health problem. A possible future effect or result of this research can be busting up the job satisfaction with the improving of sleep quality of the nurses and counter those factors which cause low quality of sleep and poor quality of sleep lead to the dreadful consequences. Current study helps in understanding the sleep problems of nurses and explore the consequences of poor sleep quality on mental health problems and the job.
Learning readiness skills among government and Shantytown school children
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Zafar, Komal
The purpose of present study was to explore the Learning Readiness Skills among Government and Shantytown School Children. Sample consisted of 50 children. (n= 25) was taken from government school of Lahore and (n= 25) was taken from shantytown school of Lahore. The age range was 5 to 9 years. The subtests of Wechsler Memory Scale (Orientation, Personal Information, Paired Associate Learning Test, Digit Span, Mental Arithmetic, Mental Control, Shapes and Picture Naming Test) and Gender Visual Motor Gestalt Test were used to assess the learning readiness skills among government and shantytown school children. The results of the findings indicate that there were significant difference between government and shantytown school children. Government school children perform better than the shantytown children.
Mobile phone ependency and mental health problems in university students
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Ayman Mujahid
The aim of this research was to find out the relationship Mobile Phone Dependence and Mental Health Problems in University Students. The study was carried out with three scales; three scales were like Test of Mobile Phone Dependency Scale (TMPDS), Text Message Dependency Scale (TMDS) and Mental Health Problem Scale (MHPS). The study sample comprising of 250 students in which 124 were boys and 126 were girls. The age ranges were between 18-25 years old. Test of Mobile Phone Dependency Scale (TMPDS), was used to find out the mobile phone dependency whereas text message dependency scale was used to explore text message dependency. Third scale was mental health problem scale and that was used to find the mental health problems in university students. Findings suggest that there is a positive relationship between Mobile phone dependence and mental health problems in university students whereas there is significant positive relationship between text message dependency and mental health problems in university students. Gender difference also highlighted from the findings and Findings suggested that girls have more mental health problems as compared to boys. It also shows from the results that girls use more text messages and they had dependent behavior as compared to boys
Neurological deficits among HIV/AIDS patients
(University of Management and Technology, 2014) Farah Majeed
The aim of the present study is to find out the neurological deficits among HIV and AIDS patients. The objective of this study is to find out the side effects of medication mainly focusing on neurological deficits in HIV/AIDS. The hypothesized of this study was patients of AIDS have more neurological deficits rather than HIV patients. Cross sectional research design was used to test this study. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants and 90 patients were selected among them, 32 patients of HIV (no medications) and 58 patients of AIDS (on medications). Wechsler Memory Scale, Digit Span, Paired Associate Learning Test and Memory for Design test were used as measures in this study. The mean of the age of the participants was 32.83(N=90) with the SD of 8.20. The analysis was carried out by t-test and chi-square and the assessment results revealed that patients of HIV/AIDS have neurological deficits as it was shown in the tests of Logical Memory and PALT that the patients have p< .001*** and on Memory for design patients have p<0.003**. These results supported the hypotheses that the patients of HIV/AIDS have problem mainly in thinking, processing, decision making, etc.
Occupational stressors, coping styles and mental health problems in nurses of private and government hospitals
(University of Management and Technology, 2014) Najda Khawaja
The current research was conducted on the nurses of government and private hospitals. The aim of the research was to find out the occupational job stressors, coping styles that nurses deploy to overcome the stressors and mental health problems as a result of the job stressors and faulty coping styles among the nurses of government and private hospitals. It was a comparative research and a cross-sectional research design was used to find out the differences in the occupational job stressors, coping styles and mental health problems among nurses of government and private hospitals. The total sample consisted of 300 nurses, 150 from government hospitals and 150 from private hospitals. An indigenous scale was developed to measure the occupational job stressors of the nurses known as the Occupational Stress Scale for Nurses. Cope Scale (Saleem, Irshad, & Mahmood, 2012) was adapted to find the coping styles of the nurses and General Health Questionnaire-12 (Goldberg, 1978) was used to locate the mental health problems of the nurses of government and private hospitals. The results suggested that there is a significant relationship between the job stressors of government and private hospitals, the nurses of private hospital experience more stress as compared to the nurses working in government hospitals. It was also found out that higher the level of occupational job stressors, higher the degree of mental health problems. In summary the results suggest that occupational stressors differ among different sectors. This study will lay a foundation for further researches in the area; it will also shed light on the stressors and mental health problems faced by the nurses.
Organicity in school girls with specific learning difficulties
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Nasim, Neelam
The aim of the current research was to explore the organicity in school girls with Specific Learning Difficulties. The sample size was (N=100) in which 67 were selected for the individual testing. Mean age of the sample was (Mean=11.3 SD=2.03). The study carried out in two steps first group testing and then individual testing. Four types of errors were identified such as Omission, Addition, Phonetic and Bizarre. Five groups were made on the basis of types of errors and one group is made that contain no error that we called as control group. Different assessment modalities were used such as Dictation paragraph, Bender Gestalt test, Memory for Design and tests of Cognitive assessment battery. The findings of the study reveal that there were no organic factors were found that affect the student learning and cause errors in the writing. The findings further suggest that organicity having no relationship with specific learning difficulties. There were no difference find out in the scores between the error group and the control group. There were no positive significant relationship was find out between the scores of types of errors as well as on all the tests. The sample size was small because of nature of the study. The study was simply carried out on girls that no gender differences were found out from this study.
Parenting styles, obsessive compulsive symptoms and interpersonal issues in university students
(University of Management and Technology, 2014) Unaiza Rizwan
The recent research is conducted to see the relationship of parenting styles with obsessive compulsive symptoms and interpersonal problems. The purpose of this study was to assess parenting styles and to see the prevalence of obsessive compulsive symptoms in non clinical population of our culture as university students. As university life is full of challenges so it could become a risk factor for developing mental health problems. Obsessive compulsive symptoms have not yet seen in Pakistani culture among students so it will be helpful. The impact of OCS and parenting was also explored that how these factors resulted in interpersonal problems. The hypothesis of this research was that those university students who have dysfunctional parenting would have more obsessive compulsive symptoms and interpersonal problems. It was also hypothesized that those university students who have obsessive compulsive symptoms would have more interpersonal problems. Cross sectional method was used for this research. Three scales were used for this research. Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms Scale (SSOS) and Interpersonal Difficulty Scale (IDS). Co relational method was used to see correlation among variables. It was revealed that dysfunctional parenting has a positive relation with OCS and interpersonal problems. Moreover, OCS also has a positive correlation with interpersonal problems. The utility of this study will be that it will help university students to identify the underlying causes of certain behaviors which they exhibit unknowingly and which even bothers them. This research will help more students to have indigenous data while conducting their own researches so it will set as a background for other researches.
Patterns of specific learning difficulties in literacy, numeracy and orthography in school children of grade 4thand 5th
(University of Management and Technology, 2015) Fatima Naeem
The concept of dyslexia has been with us for nearly 200 years, yet its existence is debatable to some and doubtful for others. No standard psychological assessment exists to identify dyslexia / SLD's in Pakistan. This study was carried out to identify the patterns and signs of SLD's in school children of grade 4th and 5th (9 - 12 years) in public schools. First current literature was searched to identify signs of SLD's in the achievement level and cognitive functioning of school children. 900 school children (48.30% boys and 51.70 % girls) were assessed on 8 individual and 10 group tests, measuring achievement and cognitive skills. The results were analyzed for three levels of achievement Above Average, Average, and Below Average . The analysis of data showed that achievement and cognitive problems are prevalent in all three levels of achievement, yet the functioning was not consistent with the diagnosis of SLD's. On dictation test Urdu four graphical errors were idenetified (Omission, Addition, Phonetic Attempt, and Bizarreness). Regression analysis of the data showed that acaheievement and cognitive skills were found to be the signigicant negative predictor of dictation error Bizarreness. The results were discussed in the terms of cultural factors, education system and teaching methods prevalent in Pakistani schools.
Perceived parental disharmony and experience of bullying victimization in adolescents
(University of Management and Technology, 2014) Siham Amjad
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Perceived Parental Disharmony and Experience of Bullying Victimization in school children. The study was carried out in four phases. In first phase, a total of 60 participants (30 boys and 30 girls) were selected for exploring phenomenology of perceived parental disharmony and bullying victimization was explored. In phase II, empirical validation was carried out on 5 experienced clinical psychologists for the cultural relevance of the scales (Perceived Parental Disharmony Scale, PPDS and Bullying Victimization Scale, BVS). In phase III, pilot study was carried out on 20 participants for testing the layout of the two scales. In the main study, a total of 380 participants (49% Boys and 51% girls) selected through multi-stage sampling with the age range of 12 - 18 years (M=14.78, SD=1.33) were given a demographic Performa, PPDS, BVS and School Children Problem Scale (SCPS, Saleem & Mahmood, 2011). Principal Component Factor Analysis revealed a three factor solution for perceived parental disharmony namely lack of understanding, lack of trust and financial issues. It also revealed three factors solution for bullying victimization namely emotional bullying, verbal bullying and physical bullying. The findings showed that there is a significant positive relationship between experience of bullying victimization and perceived parental disharmony.
Perceived parental disharmony, resilience, and emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Madiha Zaheer
The current research was conducted to determine the relationship among Perceived Parental Disharmony, Resilience and emotional behavioral problem in adolescents. A cross sectional research design was used to collect the data. The sample comprised 300 adolescents (Boys, 50% and Girls 50%) with the age range of 11-18 (M=14.37, SD= 1.23). Three scales were used namely Perceived Parental Disharmony PPD (Saleem & Amjad, 2015) to measure the Perception of Disharmony of the adolescent. Resilience scale was used to measure the resilience in the school children. In order to measure emotional behavioral problem the School Children Problem (Saleem & Mahmood, 2012) used along with demographic Performa. The hierarchal regression analysis revealed that perceived parental disharmony, gender, mothers' education and class was found to be the positive predictor of emotional behavioral problems and resilience was the negative predictor.
Perceived Parental Rearing Practices and its relationship with Cognitive Error in Adolescence
(University of Management and Technology, 2013) Naseem, Maria
The present study examined the relationship between Perceived Parental Rearing Practices and Cognitive Error among adolescents. A sample 441 adolescent were selected with the age range 11-14 (M 14.60 and SD 1.38) through multistage sampling and given school children, (a) Demographic Performa,(b) EMBU-C, and questionnaire measuring perceptions of Parental Rearing Practices separate for mother and father. (c) Cognitive Error Scale for School Children. Regression Analysis showed that in Parental Rearing Practices perception of father, Emotional Warmth was found negative predictor of Cognitive Errors. On the other hand perception of father and mother Rejection is the positive predictor of Cognitive Error. Thus, Adolescence who perceived their parents as more Rejection and Anxious Rearing reported higher levels of Cognitive Errors. The t Test results shows Boys perceived more Fathers Overprotection and Anxious Rearing. Girls perceived more Mother Rejection. Younger Age group perceived more Father and Mother Overprotection, Emotional Warmth and Anxious Rearing. Nuclear Family System perceived more Father and Mother Emotional Warmth. Joint Family System perceived more Father Rejection. Older Age group perceived more Sense of Worthlessness. Nuclear Family System perceived more Should/Must Cognitive Error. Class 8th students perceived more Father Overprotection, Emotional Warmth, Anxious Rearing. nova Results shows Class 9th students perceived more mother Emotional Warmth and Anxious Rearing Class 10th Students Perceived more Mother and Father Rejection. Class 10th students perceived more Negative evaluation by Others, Sense of Worthlessness, Self Blame, Being Rejected and Alienated/ Isolation then class 8th and 9th.Class 9th students perceived more Should/Must Cognitive Errors.

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