Department of Clinical Psychology

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Patterns of specific learning difficulties in literacy, numeracy and orthography in school children of grade 4thand 5th
(University of Management and Technology, 2015) Fatima Naeem
The concept of dyslexia has been with us for nearly 200 years, yet its existence is debatable to some and doubtful for others. No standard psychological assessment exists to identify dyslexia / SLD's in Pakistan. This study was carried out to identify the patterns and signs of SLD's in school children of grade 4th and 5th (9 - 12 years) in public schools. First current literature was searched to identify signs of SLD's in the achievement level and cognitive functioning of school children. 900 school children (48.30% boys and 51.70 % girls) were assessed on 8 individual and 10 group tests, measuring achievement and cognitive skills. The results were analyzed for three levels of achievement Above Average, Average, and Below Average . The analysis of data showed that achievement and cognitive problems are prevalent in all three levels of achievement, yet the functioning was not consistent with the diagnosis of SLD's. On dictation test Urdu four graphical errors were idenetified (Omission, Addition, Phonetic Attempt, and Bizarreness). Regression analysis of the data showed that acaheievement and cognitive skills were found to be the signigicant negative predictor of dictation error Bizarreness. The results were discussed in the terms of cultural factors, education system and teaching methods prevalent in Pakistani schools.
Perceived parenting styles, procrastination and self-esteem in university students
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Qandeel Mahmood
University life is full of major challenges, one of the observed problem is Procrastination (Tice &Baumeister, 1997). In this study, the Perceived Parenting Style is the determinant of Procrastination,and it's consequence of low Self-Esteem are studied. The study was done with three scale, especially indigenous scale; namely Student's Procrastination Scale. The main study sample was 300 university students of BS years males and females (42% males, 58% females) between age groups of 18-26 year were administered EMBU-A, SPS and SESE along with a demographic questionnaire. Factor analysis of SPS revealed one factor. Results also showed that years of BS, father's support and rejection, the low self-esteem are the strongest predictors of Procrastination in university students. Results also showed that there is high significant relationship between father's rejection, Procrastination and low self-esteem in university students. At the end, results are discussed in term of cultural and clinical implication of Procrastination in University Students.
Psychosocial reactions of trauma in internally displaced persons
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Aisha Rasool
The study was carried out with the aim of investigating psychosocial reactions of trauma in Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) who were subjected to displacement due to military operation in the region. It was a cross-sectional study and around104 (M= 31.20, SD=9.32) IDPs were included. Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) was administered. The findings revealed that around 17% of IDPs showed severe symptoms. The females were at more risk for PTSD than males, but no significant differences were found in both the genders when it was about impairment in daily life functioning, both were equally affected. The satisfaction of life was decreased, too. No diagnosis was made for PTSD, but on many symptoms results were significant. The results were described according to cultural manifestation, and it was revealed that symptom severity decreased when the duration of being displaced increased.
Emotion regulation strategies and mental health problems in adolescents
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Tehmina Yasser
The current study aimed to explore the phenomenon of emotion regulation and its relation with the mental health problems in adolescents. For this purpose cross sectional research design was used. This research was carried out in a series.The total number of participants was 364 (53% boys and 43% girls) with an age range 10-19 years. An indigenous scale was developed for the assessment of emotion regulation, namely ERQA along with demographic Performa, and for mental health problems SCPS was administered. Factor analysis revealed three factors, namely Internalizing, Active Resolution and Distraction. Hierarchial Regression Analysis was run which showed that the nternalizing factor of ERQA was the positive predictor of the mental health problems and Active Resolution was found to be a negative predictor of mental health problems. Distraction was not found to be the predictor of mental health problems. Gender, sector and attachment styles were also found to be strong predictors of mental health problems. Research results were discussed in terms of clinical and research implication, cultural differences and its impact on the mental health problems of the adolescents.
Mobile phone ependency and mental health problems in university students
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Ayman Mujahid
The aim of this research was to find out the relationship Mobile Phone Dependence and Mental Health Problems in University Students. The study was carried out with three scales; three scales were like Test of Mobile Phone Dependency Scale (TMPDS), Text Message Dependency Scale (TMDS) and Mental Health Problem Scale (MHPS). The study sample comprising of 250 students in which 124 were boys and 126 were girls. The age ranges were between 18-25 years old. Test of Mobile Phone Dependency Scale (TMPDS), was used to find out the mobile phone dependency whereas text message dependency scale was used to explore text message dependency. Third scale was mental health problem scale and that was used to find the mental health problems in university students. Findings suggest that there is a positive relationship between Mobile phone dependence and mental health problems in university students whereas there is significant positive relationship between text message dependency and mental health problems in university students. Gender difference also highlighted from the findings and Findings suggested that girls have more mental health problems as compared to boys. It also shows from the results that girls use more text messages and they had dependent behavior as compared to boys
Job satisfaction, sleep quality and mental health problems in nurses
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Muhammad Irfan
The study focused to examine the relationship of sleep quality, job satisfaction and mental health problem in nurses. The aim of this study was to assess the job satisfaction, sleep quality and mental health problem of nurses in Pakistan culture. As nurses duty is very stressful duty and it could be a highly risk factors for developing mental health problems. The cross sectional research design was used to examine relationship among sleep quality, job satisfaction and mental health problems. Stratified random sample of 200 nurses (35% males and 65%females) were taken from public hospitals of Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan. The study was carried out with three scales namely The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Job Satisfaction survey and Depression Anxiety, Stress Scale. All the measures were adapted. The result revealed that there are positive correlation of sleep quality with job satisfaction and mental health problems. The results also revealed that there was a negative correlation of job satisfaction and mental health problem. A possible future effect or result of this research can be busting up the job satisfaction with the improving of sleep quality of the nurses and counter those factors which cause low quality of sleep and poor quality of sleep lead to the dreadful consequences. Current study helps in understanding the sleep problems of nurses and explore the consequences of poor sleep quality on mental health problems and the job.
Perceived parental rearing practices, interpersonal difficulties and mental health problems in college students
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Ayesha Asghar
The current study aimed to investigate the relationship among the Perceived Parental Rearing Practices, Interpersonal Difficulties and Mental Health Problems in College Students. The study was carried out with the help of three scales EMBU-A (Gerlsma, Arrindell, Veen, & Emmelkamp, 1991), Interpersonal Difficulties Scale (Saleem, Ihsan, & Mahmood, 2014) and General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Williams, 1988). A sample of 321 participants (54 % boys and 46% girls) from different colleges with the age range of 15-20 (M=17.32, SD=1.00) were selected through stratified sampling. Findings of the study showed that students who perceived more Rejection from their parents tend to face more Interpersonal Difficulties in college life as compare to those students who face more emotional warmth from their parents. Results also showed that Interpersonal Difficulties such as Lack of Social Support and Lack of Unstable Relations predict positively Mental Health problems. The findings of secondary hypotheses showed that age gender, class, parental education has significant relation with EMBU-A. Whereas Family system have no significant relation with EMBU-A. With interpersonal Difficulties gender, family system and parental education have significant relation but age and gender have no significant relationship. General Health have no significant relation with demographics.
Emotional intelligence and interpersonal difficulties in university students
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Sehrish Niazi
The aim of this research was to find out the relationship Emotional Intelligence and Interpersonal Difficulty in University Students. The study was carried out with two scales, Trait Emotional intelligence Scale and Interpersonal Difficulties Scale. The study sample comprising 300 student's age range was 18-25(Males 49.70%, Females50.30%), administered Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire- Short Form (TEIQue-SF, 2006) and Interpersonal Difficulties scale (IDS, 2014) along with demographic variables. Findings suggest that there is a significant negative relationship between Interpersonal Difficulties Scale and Trait Emotional Intelligence Scale. Hierarchical regression analysis Predicts that Emotional intelligence are strong indicators of Interpersonal Difficulties.Findings also showed that boys have more unstable relations and as compare to girls soboys have more interpersonal difficulties as compared to girls. Emotional intelligence and interpersonal problems have no significant relationship on demographics variables except siblings
Identity and mental health issues in college students
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Ijaz, Asma
This research aims to identify the relationship between identity and mental health issues in college students. Life of students at college level is full of stressors as adjustment problems because they attend ten years of schooling before entering in college, career choice issues and pressures for future life, pubertal changes that changes their moods and many other mental issues present in college students (Helfrich, 2008).
Cyber bullying and mental health problems in university students
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Maaza Saeed
Present study investigated the relationship between “Cyberbullying”and “Mental Health Problems” in University Students. A sample of 200 university students with age range of 18 years and above (M=1.21, SD=.408).“Cyberbullying Assessment Scale”and “student problem checklist” with demographic Performa was used to obtain information.it was found that more than half participants had been cyber-bullied. Females are slightly more Cyberbullied than males, males are more likely to be Cyberbullies than their female counterparts. female cyberbully victims were more likely to inform adults than their male counterparts. Overall it was seen that Cyber bullying is the positive predictor of Mental Health Problems in university students. Limitation and suggestions for future research are discussed. The results are discussed in the specific cultural context of Pakistan.
Perceived student-teacher relationship, self-esteem, internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Muhammad Amer
This study was aimed to investigate the relationship among perceived student- teacher relationship, Self-Esteem and internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents. For this purpose this study was carried out in series of phase. Firstly phenomenology of Student Teacher Relationship was explored. A list of 21 items was generated and converted into semantic differential scale, 300 school children were selected with the age range of 13-15 Mean (1.65) and Standard deviation(.47) were given student teacher relationship scale Self-Esteem Scale for School children and Child Behavior Checklist. Result of factor analyses reveled two factors namely positive relationship and negative relationship. The result of hierarchical regression analyses showed that gender, father education, academic self-esteem, and self-confidence found to be significant predictors of internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents.
Perfectionism, interpersonal difficulties and mental health problems in college students
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Ayesha Kiren
The aim of this present research was to find out relationship among Perfectionism, Interpersonal Difficulties and Mental Health Problems on 381 college students, 49% male and 51% females with the age range of 15-18 year (M 16.15, SD .97). Measures used to carried out research three tools with Demographic Performa, Measure Clarifying the Construct of Perfectionism (Stair et al., 2011) Interpersonal Difficulties Scales (Saleem, Ihsan & Mahmood, 2014) and Student Problem Checklist (Mahmood & Saleem, 2011). The results revealed maladaptive perfectionism was found to be a positive predictor and adaptive perfectionism was found to be a negative predictor of interpersonal difficulties and mental health problems in college students. Results were discussed in the collectivistic cultural considerations and implications for counseling.
Perception of child’s developmental disability and the quality of life of mothers
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Syeda Wajeeha Zehra
The purpose of this study was to find out the impact of child's developmental disability on the mother's Quality of life. Mothers (N=150) with the children of three type of developmental disability cerebral palsy ,intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder were the participants of this research. Mixed methods research design was used. Instruments included a demographic performa, WHO-BREF questionnaire and a indigenous scale MPS (Mother's perception Scale) to measure mothers perception about child disability. This MPS was constructed for the study to see the relationship between the independent variable of mother's perception with the dependent variable of quality of their life. After factor analysis the two factors were assigned, the descriptive label of positive mother's perception and negative mother's perception, to measures the perception of mother's about the disability of their child. Product movement correlation revealed relationship between positive mother's perception with the better QOL and negative mother's perception with lower QOL. Hierarchical Linear regression indicated that mother's education is the significant predictor of QOL. Independent t-test revealed that there was no gender difference in mother's perception and their QOL. However the difference of nuclear and joint family system was found to be significant
University students
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Sarah Anthoney
This study provides the significance of Mental Toughness in university students, (N = 300) (150 Males & 150 Females) were selected through stratified random sampling with the age range 18-25 (M 20.66 , SD 1.36). This study intends to look at the association between mental toughness and mental health problems in university students of Pakistan. The objective was to explore the manifestation of mental toughness and to developed an indigenous scale for mental toughness based on three phases i.e. exploring the phenomenology, expert validation, pilot study, and main study. The participants were given Mental Toughness Scale, Student Problem Checklist Scale, Resilience Scale and a demographic Performa. The results revealed that mental toughness has a significant negative relationship with mental health problems. This study is likely to introduce the phenomenon of mental toughness in university students who help individuals to stay focused and determined, as they often experience mental health issues.
Perceived parenting styles and identityin adolescents
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Shumaiza Iqbal
The present study investigated the relationship between perceived parenting styles and identity in adolescents. Identity Scale was developed and after the factor analysis four factor were revealed in the Identity Scale that were Positive Self-Identity, Negative Self-Identity, Weak Self-Identity and Arrogant Self-Identity. Identity scale was administered on the adolescent's population along with EMBU-C. Results showed that Over Protection and Anxious Rearing of both parents and Emotional Warmth of the father were significantly positive of the Positive Self-Identity whereas Rejection is negatively significant with the Positive Self-Identity. Rejection of the both parents was significantly positiveof the Negative self-identity, Weak Self-Identity and Arrogant Self-Identity and on the other hand Emotional Warmth of the both parent is negatively significant with the Negative self-identity, Weak Self-Identity and Arrogant Self-Identity. Moreover gender, age, sector and classes were the positive predictors of the Arrogant Self-identity, whereas Overprotection, Rejection, Anxious Rearing of the father and Emotional Warmth and Rejection of the mother were the positive predictor of the gender. Mother's anxious rearing was also positive predictor of the classes of the adolescents.
Perceived parental disharmony, resilience, and emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Madiha Zaheer
The current research was conducted to determine the relationship among Perceived Parental Disharmony, Resilience and emotional behavioral problem in adolescents. A cross sectional research design was used to collect the data. The sample comprised 300 adolescents (Boys, 50% and Girls 50%) with the age range of 11-18 (M=14.37, SD= 1.23). Three scales were used namely Perceived Parental Disharmony PPD (Saleem & Amjad, 2015) to measure the Perception of Disharmony of the adolescent. Resilience scale was used to measure the resilience in the school children. In order to measure emotional behavioral problem the School Children Problem (Saleem & Mahmood, 2012) used along with demographic Performa. The hierarchal regression analysis revealed that perceived parental disharmony, gender, mothers' education and class was found to be the positive predictor of emotional behavioral problems and resilience was the negative predictor.
Perceived parenting styles, level of narcissism and interpersonal difficulties in university students
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Attiya Khan
The aim of this research was to find out the relationship in Perceived Parenting Styles, Level of Narcissism and Interpersonal Difficulty in University Students. The study was carried out with three scales, EMBU-A (My Early Memory of Upbringing-Adult version: Ijaz & Mahmood, 2009), NPI (Narcissistic Personality Inventory: Riskin & Hall, 1979) and IDS (Interpersonal Difficulties Scale: Saleem, Ihsan & Mahmood, 2014). The study sample comprising 250 students in which 130 boys and 120 girls, between ages 17-29 (M 21.88, SD 2.46) administered EMBU-A, NPI and IDS along with demographic variables. Findings suggest that there is a significant positive relationship between perceived permissive, and authoritarian parenting with narcissism. There is also significant relationship between level of narcissism and interpersonal difficulties. While findings of secondary hypothesis show that age, birth order, family system, and gender have significance relation with Perceived Parenting Styles, Narcissistic traits and Interpersonal Difficulties
Perfectionism and test performance anxiety in university students
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Sabrina Asim
The study intended to explore the relationship between Perfectionism and Test Performance Anxiety in university students. The study was divided in 4 phases. The first phase included exploring the phenomenology of Test anxiety on 40 participants, and carrying out an empirical validation for the cultural relevance of the scale in the second phase. The third phase included conducting a pilot study on 30 participants for identifying the comprehensibility of the scales, while the fourth phase involved establishing the psychometric properties of the scale and carrying out the main study. The main study was carried out on 300 participants (48% males & 52% females) using stratified random sampling between the age of 18-24 years. The participants were given a demographic performa, the indigenous Test Anxiety Scale as well as the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Hewitt & Flett, 1990) and the results were analysed through various descriptive and inferential analyses. The correlational analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between Perfectionism and the Test Performance Anxiety of students
Social rejection by peers and social anxiety in adolescents
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Komal Huma
An adolescent is one of the most important stages of child's life. This study deals with social rejection in adolescents from their peer group and their association with the emotional and behavioral problems which is experienced by them. Participants were 300 students (150 boys and 150 girls) from 8th, 9th and 10thclass. To measure the social rejection by peers in adolescents, an indigenous scale was developed which has high internal consistency (a = .92). To assess the participant's emotional and behavioral problem School Children Problem Scale (Saleem & Mahmood, 2011)and for measuring attachment pattern the Attachment Questionnaire for Children(Muris, Messters, Melick, & Zwambag, 2000) were used. The results of Regression analysis indicated that Social rejection by peers is strong positive predictor of emotional and behavioral problem in adolescents whereas age, gender and class were found to be negative predictor of problems in adolescents. These results also showed that girls perceived more emotional and behavioral problem as compared to boys after getting social rejection from peers. These results were discussed in cultural context in terms of implementation in community.
Perceived parenting styles and social intelligence in college students
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Rabia Nasir
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Perceived Parenting Styles and Social Intelligence in College students. The study was conducted in four steps, in first step 35 college students (17 males and 18 females), with the age range of 17-19 years from different colleges were selected for exploring the phenomenology. In the second step, the empirical validation of the selected items was done with the help of 5 experts with at least MS qualification. After the expert validation, the most frequently rated items were selected and a questionnaire was made that was validated by conducting a pilot study on 20 students from two colleges both male and female. In the third step, after developing the scale the data was gathered from 360 college students of 1st year and 2nd year with the age range of 17-19 from different government and private colleges of Lahore. The results indicated that there is a strong relationship in between perceived parenting style and social intelligence. It also supported the idea that there are cultural differences in perceived parenting styles, as the results indicated the collectivist culture perceive differently as compared to individualistic culture. The findings suggested that parental education and warmth have a positive relationship with social intelligence. Whereas control has a significant relationship with negative social intelligence

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