2019

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Antimicrobial activity of drug loaded iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles
(UMT, Lhr, 2019) ADNAN MIRAN
The resistance of bacteria towards different antibiotics is considered a worldwide health problem. New mechanisms of resistance emerge and spread in the world day by day. Therefore, it is required to develop new techniques and mechanisms to overcome the effects of these diseases caused by different human pathogens. The use of various types of nanoparticles for medicinal purposes is ongoing for many years. In this research, the technique was used to combine the iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with the antibiotic drug. Magnetite Nanoparticles is successfully synthesized by chemical schemes and assessed by UV visible Spectroscopy. The coating of function clutches on Magnetic nanoparticles is analyzed by FTIR. After stacking of drug (Gentamicin), drug-loaded magnetic nanoparticles are tried against two classes of microbes, and the result bares that drug-loaded magnetic nanoparticles are very fruitful antibacterial agents against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Gentamicin drug shows an increase in its efficiency when coated on the iron oxide nanoparticles. Maximum Zone of inhibition for E. Coli gives the best results as compared to S. Aureus and it is concluded that these synthesized magnetic nanoparticles can serve as an antibacterial agent.
Antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of ziziphus mauritiana
(UMT, Lhr, 2019) RABIYA BIBI
Ziziphus mauritiana is an important medicinal and traditional plant that has been used in the treatment of various diseases. This research work evaluated the phytochemicals from the leaves and pulp of Ziziphus mauritiana and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Methanolic extract of leaves and pulp of Ziziphus mauritiana was prepared through maceration by using methanol. Qualitative phytochemical evaluation showed the presence of tannins, saponins, phlobatanins, alkaloids and flavanoids in methanolic extract of leaves and pulp of Ziziphus mauritiana while steroids were absent in both samples. The percentage of sugar contents in pulp and leaves was 57.3 % and 37.89 % respectively. Total phenolic contents were measured by UV-Visible spectrophotometry method at 765 nm by using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The contents of TPC in pulp and leaves extract of Ziziphus mauritiana were 29.8 mg GAE/g and 25.8 mg GAE/g respectively. Antioxidant activity of leaves and pulp extracts was determined by using DPPH radical-scavenging activity assay and measured by UV-Visible spectrophotometer at 517 nm. The percentage inhibition at different concentrations 25 μL, 50 μL, 75 μL and 100 μL was measured for both pulp and leaves extract of Ziziphus mauritiana. Pulp extract showed maximum percentage inhibition of 82 % at maximum concentration of 100 µL whereas leaves extract showed maximum inhibition of 74 % at maximum concentration of 100 µL. Ascorbic acid was used as reference standard, which gave 96% antioxidant activity with the same concentration. Antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of Ziziphus mauritiana leaves and pulp was tested by Agar well diffusion method against two Gram positive bacteria including Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and three Gram negative bacteria including Klebsiella pnemoniae, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Salmonella typhi. Imipenem was used as reference standard. For pulp extract, the best antimicrobial activity has been shown against Bacillus subtilis with measured zone of inhibition 17 mm and for leaves extract, the best antimicrobial activity has been shown against Klebsiella pnemoniae with measured zone of inhibition 20 mm. The results of the present study show that pulp and leaves of Ziziphus mauritiana are sources of various secondary metabolites, are strong antioxidants and also possess antimicrobial activity.
Carbon nanoparticles prepared from the flours of maize, millet and mustard
(UMT, Lhr, 2019) MAHAM ARIF
Carbon Nanoparticles were prepared through controlled heating the powders of Maize, Millet and Mustard in a muffle furnace at 350 ºC. The purification of carbon nanomaterials were carried out by dispersing it in the ethanol water mixture (1:5) and sonicating this dispersion for 30 minutes at 45 ºC. The dispersed material was allowed to settle down and decanted part was filtered through sintered glass crucible no. 3. The sintered glass crucible then dried in an oven at 60 ºC for two hours. The carbon soot obtained from the crucible was subjected to characterization through UV/Visible Spectroscopy, Powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermo Gravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR). The average size of prepared carbon nanoparticles were found to be 37-89 nm by using powder X-Ray Diffraction technique. DSC/TGA results showed that prepared carbon nanoparticles were stable up to 350 ºC. Surface morphology of carbon nanostructures were studied with the help of scanning electron microscopy. Antibacterial studies showed the average to good results against S. pseudopneumoniae, K. pneumonia, S. aureus and E. coli.
Cellulose grafted biodegradable polymer nanocomposites
(UMT, Lhr, 2019) KIRAN TARIQ
Grafting of cellulose using acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate and 2-Ethyl hexyl acrylate has been achieved through free radical polymerization. Ammonium persulphate (0.1g) was used as free radical facilitator to generate free radicals along with Leutensol-100 (1 ml) as an emulsifier. The temperature was maintained at 80℃ with continuous stirring for 90 min. To achieve the carbon nano composite of the grafted cellulose 0.005g of carbon nanoparticles, obtained from carbon soot of millet were added during the course of reaction. Characterization of grafted cellulose and its carbon nano composite was carried out using (FTIR) fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, (SEM) scanning electron microscopy, (TGA) thermo gravimetric analysis, (DSC) differential scanning calorimetry, tensile strength, electrical conductivity and biodegradation. Soil burial test revealed the biodegradation of cellulose grafted ter-polymer nano composite. This material may be used in various applications having controlled biodegradation in advanced materials.
Comparative estimation of modafinil tablet using different analytical methods
(UMT, Lhr, 2019) ARIHA ZAFAR
Simple, fast and time saving analytical methods for the comparison of Modafinil drug from two different medical brands (Local and Imported) had been tested. In this study UV spectroscopic method and High performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods were used for the analytical assesment of modafinil tablets. UV absorbance (observed at 252nm) was different for different concentrations 10, 20, 30, 40, 50µg/ml). 10 % aqueous methanol was used as diluent as well as blank. In HPLC, the mobile phase was composed of buffer (6.8 g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in water) and acetonitrile in (65:35) ratio. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and the wavelength of detector was 220nm. HPLC analysis was used to compare the area and retention time of the both modafinil containg tablets. The area and retention time from HPLC analysis of the both modafinil containing tablets were compared. Different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 5.0, 10, 20, 30 µg/ml) were used and a linear increase in the area and retention time of the both Modafinil containing tablets were observed. It was observed that, both the local and imported have accurate amount of active ingredient as mentioned on their box.
Development and characterization Of thermal insulation boards from Tanneries waste
(UMT, Lhr, 2019) MUHAMMAD IJAZ
Pakistan has a reputable Tanning industry with abundant supply of leather products. Pakistan Bureau of statistics ranked it as second largest export-oriented industry after textiles. It is fast growing industry in terms of qualitative, economy and export. The major challenge faced by this industry is the disposal of solid and liquid waste; generated during tanning process. The solid wastes include skin trimmings, fleshing, buffing dust and chrome shavings. The main constituent of this waste is protein, if not treated properly causes hazardous pollution to the environment. Reutilization of this leather waste was taken as an opportunity to clean the cities environment. Literature studies have shown that these products can be used in development of other useful products. Tanning Industries of Kasur which are famous for raw leather products has been be taken as a case study for sample collection. In the next stage, experimentation were performed on this waste material. Leather waste was mixed with plaster of paris to develop Insulation boards. At initial level, eight to ten boards were prepared by varying the quantities of waste and binding material. Then different physio-chemical tests were like thermal conductivity, mechanical strength and FTIR were performed on all the boards. The board which have maximum thermal conductivity and maximum strength were selected as final product.
Edible candelilla wax coating blended with bryophyllum pinnatum extract for enhancing the shelf life of fruitsvegetables
(UMT, Lhr, 2019) AMBER FATIMA
Storage of fruits and vegetables has great importance in present era. Different films are used for coating purpose to prevent fruits and vegetables from fungal attack and preserve from dehydration. B. pinnatum is a medicinal plant used for coating purpose. Phytochemicals which are present in plant extract are bufadienolides, coumarins, lectins, tocopherol, quinens, malic acid, anthocayannins, sitosterol, glycosides, carotenoids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenols and alkaloids. Aqueous and methanolic extracts of B. pinnatum were blended with candelilla wax then coated on fruits/vegetables. Fruits and vegetables which were used for coating purpose included cucumber, banana, lemon and apple. All these fruits were coated by dipping method. After coating fruits and vegetables were divided into four different groups controlled, edible coating of simple wax (ECSW), edible coating of aqueous extract (ECAE) and edible coating of methanolic extract (ECME). Different parameters like weight, pH and physical appearance were examined. Fruits and vegetables coated with methanolic extract of B. pinnatum showed highest weight loss as compare to aqueous extract. Maximum weight loss 3.84% was observed in cucumbers coated with methanolic extract coated cucumbers. While in lemon it was 53.2%. Minimum pH value was also observed in methanolic extract coated banana that was 5.6. Weight loss in banana coated with aqueous extract was 0.36% to 3.2% and these remain fresh till day 6 and showed highest pH (5.7) at day 1 and day 6 which was better as compare to methanolic extract coated bananas. Aqueous extract of plant effected weight loss in cucumber. Its shelf life was 11 days and it showed highest pH (5.7) at day 2. Lemons depicted weight loss from 4.21% to 29.3% with aqueous extract, with shelf life of 16 days and highest pH (2.9) at day 8. Apple had weight loss in the range of 0.29% to 1.8% with aqueous extract, they remained fresh for 21 days and had highest pH 4.0. This study can be applied on fruits/vegetables to retain their nutritional values.
Edible candelilla wax coating blended with calotropis procera to increase shelf life of fruits and vegetables
(UMT, Lhr, 2019) MADIHA KANWAL
Edible coating is a very promising and economical way to enhance the shelf life of fruits and vegetables. The effect of edible coating containing Candelilla wax along with extract of Calotropis procera was investigated to check its effect against different seasonal fruits and vegetables. Calotropis procera possess great anti-fungal and antibacterial properties. Aqueous and Methanolic extracts of leafs of plant with candelilla wax were used. Extraction was carried out using Soxhlet. Then wax containing extracts were applied to cucumber, lemon, banana and apple by dipping method. Different physiochemical parameters e.g. weight loss, pH, and physical appearance were analyzed for 21 days. Among all four groups Methanolic extracts gave better results. Methanolic extract coated cucumber remained fresh for 11 days. It also helped to prevent cucumber from fungal attack, only 8.1% weight loss was observed much less than other formulations. 3.37% weight loss was observed in apple on day 21. Only 4.03% weight loss was observed on day 16 in lemon with least firmness. A gradual weight loss change was observed in all formulations. Methanolic extract based coatings showed least weight loss and it remained fresher for longer time. pH changes were slightly nonlinear as compared to weight loss as according to lab environment. Banana pH was between 5.2 and 5.8 for all formulations. pH of 5.4 was same in all formulations observed on day 2. Lowest pH of 2.01 was observed in aqueous extract coated lemon on day 12. Maximum and minimum pH change in apple was 3.0 to 3.9 from results it was concluded that plant extract in methanolic based wax coating gave best results for maintaining shelf life of fruits and vegetables. It also helped in maintaining better turgidity with better physical appearance.
Edible candelilla wax coating with solanum nigrum leaves extract to increase shelf life of fruits and vegetables
(UMT, Lhr, 2019) SHAISTA JABEEN
Herbal medicines are less harmful and cheap as compare to synthetic drugs. Solanum nigrum was selected because it is one of the significant medicinal herb which is used to cure various ailments and is commonly found everywhere in open and wild field. Various coatings were prepared by Methanolic extract added with Candelilla wax, Aqueous extract blended with Candelilla wax and pure Candelilla wax was used as positive control. The results of all formulations were compared with the negative control (fruits and vegetables without coating). Oranges, Apples, Tomatoes and Lemons were the samples which were coated. This analysis was carried out for 21 days (every 24 hours) to investigate different parameters like weight, pH and skin appearance of fruits and vegetables under observation. In Oranges, weight loss with methanolic extract coatings ranged from 0.94% to 7.14%; with aqueous extract coatings, it ranged from 0.2% to 17.75% while Positive control showed the weight loss from 0.46% to 18.19%. Weight loss in methanol extract coating apples ranged between 0.15% to 4.97%, apples coated with aqueous extract coatings ranged 0.59% to 2.63% and positive control ranged 0.25% to 3.65%. In case of methanolic blend and aqueous blend lemons, maximum weight loss ranged till 20.97% and 12.86% respectively. While positive control in lemons showed the range 3.58% to 42.63%. In weight measurement of Tomatoes, aqueous blend, methanolic blend and pure Candelilla wax (positive control) showed highest weight loss range of 14.79%, 8.21% and 6.39% respectively. Analysis of pH depicted that the best effect was of methanolic extract coatings in all the samples under observation. Methanolic extract blend was proved to be best in case of skin appearance of the vegetables and fruits. Hence, edible coatings can be used to prevent microbial attacks and it showed the significant results to prolong the shelf life of fruits and vegetables.
Effectiveness of cuo nanoparticles for the development of latent fingerprints
(UMT, Lhr, 2019) NAZIR AHMAD FARAZ
Fingerprints are getting more and more attention in criminal justice system now a days. They are used for the criminal’s identification and are playing very vital role in crime solving. There are various methods for the development of latent fingerprints. Fingerprint powdering is very effective and traditional method. Various metal oxide powders are used for this purpose. Nanotechnology has many applications in various disciplines of forensic science. For the development of latent fingerprints, copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method. The synthesized nanoparticles were dark colored. These nanoparticles were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Diffraction (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Characterization studies proved the formation of pure nanoparticles by co-precipitation method. The size of nanoparticles determined through SEM was between 65-70 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles were applied on plastic, glass and metal surfaces with the help of fiber glass brush and produced excellent results on these surfaces. They also developed the latent prints on ceramic surface but result was not as good as on metal, glass and plastic. Their dark color produced very good contrast on the light colored surfaces, which is a very important factor in fingerprint development. Good contrast provides better view of friction ridges on the substrate. Another very important surface particularly used in the terrorist activity is the sticky side. These nanoparticles were also used to develop the latent prints on the sticky sides of the tapes by making its suspension in azflo solution and water but it could not develop the prints on these tapes. Further research is needed in order to make these particles also useful for sticky side of the tapes.
Estimation of heavy metal removal potential of moringa oleifera from aqueous media
(UMT, Lhr, 2019) SHAMA FARYAD
In this study adsorption properties of adsorbent prepared from the seeds and leaves of Moringa oleifera were studied. The adsorbents that were prepared used to remove heavy metals ions Aluminum and Arsenic ions from water. The determination methods for the Aluminum and Arsenic ions were EDTA back titration and Iodiometric titration. Different parameters that effect the adsorption were optimized with the help of these methods dose, pH, temperature, initial metal concentration and effect of seeds and leaves. It was established that adsorbent prepared from Moringa seeds have great efficiency for removal as compared to leaves and seeds have great efficiency for removal of aluminum ions as compared to arsenic ions. As the initial metal concentration increase removal efficiency decrease in both metals. The highest removal efficiency obtained in both metals at the 10 (mg/L) conc. The pH effect was direct on efficiency of adsorbent as the pH increases, removal efficiency also increases and at pH =6 removal of both metals become higher. As the concentration of adsorbent dose increases, the removal of heavy metals aluminium and arsenic also increases and the highest removal efficiency for both metals obtained at 1.1g. As the temperature increased the removal efficiency also increased in both metals. The highest removal efficiency obtained at 70(°C). Seeds give higher removal percentage in both metals as compared to seeds because seeds contain more amount of carbohydrates, proteins and essential amino acids as compared to leaves.
Evaluation of candelilla wax based plant coating for improving shelf life of fruits and vegetables
(UMT, Lhr, 2019) Umaima Arshad
Fruits and vegetables are seasonal edibles that are needed to be stored for a long time. For this purpose different processes are used; some of these are synthetic and others are natural. Moreover remarkable effects with less side effects have been observed with edible coatings which are prepared naturally. In present study, a plant Azadirachta indica was selected for this research because it has strong antifungal effects. Extracts of this plant was used with Candelilla wax which showed good results to enhance life. The wax blend formulation was applied to fresh fruits/vegetables including Banana, Persimmons, Tomato, and Cucumber to analyze their freshness and prolonging life under room temperature for about 21 days and examined selected parameter such as percent weight loss, pH value, physical appearance and taste at after every 24h. Weight loss in case of Edible coatings Methanolic extract ranged from 2.6 to 10.7%, in Edible coatings Aqueous extract 2.4 to 14%, in Edible coatings Candelilla wax 5.1 to 10.6% in Banana. Persimmons had weight loss variation by the use of methanolic extract (2.8 to 16.9%), in aqueous extract (3.15 to 14.1%), pure candelilla wax (3.2 to 14.9%). Similarly in vegetables cucumber had weight loss ranged from 1.5 to 6.4% in methanolic extract, 1.4 to 4.06% in aqueous extract, 1.5 to 6.4% in candelilla wax. In tomatoes weight loss was 2.1 to 8.7% in methanolic extract, 1.3 to 6.7% in aqueous extract, 1.7 to 6.4% in candelilla wax. pH ranges showed that aqueous extracts in persimmons and tomato have more significant result (4.7) as compared to methanolic extracts (4.9 and 4.8). Simple candelilla wax also showed appreciable results to store shelf life. These edible coatings proved beneficial in terms of effectiveness and economics.
Evaluation of fatty acids from the seed of litchi chinensis
(UMT, Lhr, 2019) RIFFT ZAHOOR
Litchi chinensis as an emerging crop of Pakistan is a member of Sapindaceae. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seed oil of Litchi chinensis by GC-MS analysis, physicochemical studies, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The chromatogram of GC-MS indicated the presence of terpenoids, fatty acids and sterols. The main fatty acids observed were oleic acid (26.52 %), unusual fatty acid (16.14 %) and palmitic acid (8.54 %) of total composition. The iodine number, saponification number and free fatty acid values obtained were 42.3, 173.6 and 8.41 respectively. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities were carried out using DPPH assay and well diffusion method respectively. For antibacterial activity the best result of zone of inhibition (16 mm) was obtained against gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis. The result of antioxidant activity (79.1 %) proved it to be a very strong antioxidant.
Extraction of chitosan from tiger prawn collected from arabian sea and its applications in biomaterials
(UMT, Lhr, 2019) SONIA TABASSUM
The current research work depicts the synthesis of chitosan. Chitosan is a deacetylated form of chitin. It is extracted from tiger prawn shells, which were collected from Arabian Sea of Karachi. Extraction process used to get chitosan. Extraction process is very cheap economically. By this method get huge amount of chitosan easily. In this research work, chitosan effectiveness checked against termites. Chitosan can repress termite assault in papermaking. Acetic acid concentrations also used for this purpose but they show not satisfied results. The weight reduction level of paper without utilizing Chitosan in antitermite testing was 50.72%. 3% chitosan shows 0.97% weight reduction. 4% gives 0.33% weight loss rate. 5% shows no weight reduction. Chitosan concentrations are more effective for weight reduction of paper as compared to acetic acid concentration.
Formulation of haemostatic ointment based of tranexamic acid
(UMT, Lhr, 2019) MUHAMMAD ARSLAN
Tranexamic acid is medicine which is used for the treatment of heavy bleeding from body due to some injury or wound. It is used to stop blood loss from teeth, nose bleed. It is a type of amino acid that work to suppress the plasmin that cause inflammation. In the present work the formation of biopolymer based tranexamic acid gel formed, which will be applied on the wound to stop bleeding. Three different trials were conducted on gel. One without use of any polymer and two trials with biopolymers. Two different polymers chitosan and gelatine used in the gel formation that will enhance the stability and life of the gel. Chitosan has a property to repair wound. This gel is not for internal used, only for external use. It will be effective in the sinus surgery or nose bleeding. The test of tranexamic acid was performed on RP-HPLC-UVD for its assay calculation. In HPLC the mobile phase consists of Acetonitrile: water (65:35) used. Flow rate was 1ml/min and C18 column (4.6x250mm, 5µm) column used, column temperature set at 40oC. Tranexamic acid was derivatized using Sanger’s reagent for it detection on UV detector. It was found that gel made using chitosan polymer show better stability and compared to gelatine based gel and gel without any other polymer.
Formulations for preparing moxifloxacin dry powder suspension and their stability studies
(UMT, Lhr, 2019) MAHAM EJAZ
Moxifloxacin is a broad spectrum floroquinolone which belongs to fourth generation of anti-biotics. It is available in tablet form and eye drop. Moxifloxacin gives bactericidal activity by controlling the activity of topoisomerase II and topoisomerase IV which are essential stimuli used by organisms for DNA replication, interpretation, recombining and fixation. It is medicated for the treatment of acute and moderate pneumonia. The presented work is focused on synthesis of moxifloxacin dry powder suspension with long shelf life, reduce dosing frequency, improve patient compliance and accelerated stability studies. Moxifloxacin dry powder suspension is formed by using sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, carboxy methyl cellulose, orange flavour, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, xanthum gum, sugar, aerosil and moxifloxacin hydrochloride. The suspension is characterized by using high performance liquid chromatography. The results of accelerated stability studies show that moxifloxacin dry powder suspension is stable.
Gas chromatogrphy flame ionization detector physico chemical studies of oil from the roots of moringa oleifera
(UMT, Lhr, 2019) RIZWAN HABIB
Moringa oleifera is an important medicinal and a multi-nutritional plant being useful for the treatment of a variety of diseases. This research evaluates the physico chemical properties of Moringa oleifera root oil by standard procedure. The fatty acid profile was measure by gas chromatography flame ionization detector analysis, also study was carry out at the antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity of oil from the roots of Moringa oleifera. The Moringa oleifera root oil was extracting through reflux by using n-hexane. The liquid black colored oil was obtaining with % yield of 5.1906. Saponification number and acid value are 208 and 7.0775 respectively. The chromatogram of GC-FID analysis indicated the presence of various fatty acid. The main fatty acids were palmitolic acid (28.4442 %), linoleic acid (52.9744 %), linolenic acid (3.2052 %), archadic acid (3.3438 %), behenic acid (2.962 %), and cerotic acid (1.677 %). Antioxidant and antibacterial activity were carry out using 2, 2-diphenyl-1 picryhtdrazyl (DPPH) assay and well diffusion method respectively. The maximum concentration of 50 uL showed maximum % inhibition about 87.0421%. Antimicrobial activity of plant root oil was testing by disc diffusion method against bacterial strain such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and E. coli. It exhibited strongest activity against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. While no activity observed against Bacillus subtilis. The oil of Moringa oleifera contains low and high molecular weight, fatty acids, which are suitable for the application in soap, cosmetic industries and pharmaceutical industries.
Green synthesis of manganese oxide nanoparticles and their applications
(UMT, Lhr, 2019) BASMA SHAHID
This research work includes the green synthesis of Manganese Oxide nanoparticles by using the leaves of Abutilon indicum which is found in open areas and uncultivated land. It comprises alkaloids, flavonoid, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins that are responsible for the reduction and stabilization of nanoparticles. Plant extract was used for the synthesis of manganese oxide nanoparticles which act as reducing and capping agent. Different characterization techniques were used for the confirmation of synthesis and to determine the morphology and composition of nanoparticles such as, XRD, EDS and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Analysis of XRD confirmed the small size and good crystallinity of nanoparticles. It also confirmed the purity of nanoparticles because no other peaks were shown in XRD spectrum. These synthesized nanoparticles were used further to analyse their different applications. Antibacterial activity was performed using gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, B. bronchiseptica, S. aureus, and B. subtilis). Leflox and DMSO were used as positive and negative control, respectively. Different dilutions of nanoparticles were used and zones of inhibition were measured. Anticancer activity was also performed that confirmed that at low concentration, cell survival is high. Dye degradation activity was carried out for about 180 minutes under both sunlight and UV-lamp light for comparison of percentage degradation that confirmed that sunlight shows higher degradation as compared to UV-lamp light. Reaction was performed thrice to check the stability of nanoparticles, results reported that degradation efficiencies slightly decreases on each run. These nanoparticles were then used for the adsorption of Chromium (VI). Different concentrations of nanoparticles ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 g/ml were used with same concentration of Cr (VI). Results confirmed that by increasing the concentration, percentage adsorption increases. Then, it was also analyzed by changing the pH and kept remaining concentrations constant that confirmed that it gives good results in acidic medium.
Green synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles and their applications
(UMT, Lhr, 2019) AMBER AYAZ
This research work includes green synthesis of Nickel oxide nanoparticles by using Abutilon indicum, which are commonly found in Asian countries along roads and inanimate places, often flowers after rain and in winter. This ancient plant is famous for the treatment of different diseases like piles, gonorrhea and cough etc. Abutilon indicum has proven anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activity, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties. Nickel oxide nanoparticles were prepared by using leaf extract of Abutilon indicum which act as a reducing as well as a capping agent for nanoparticles. XRD, EDS and UV-Vis spectroscopy are different techniques that are being used for the characterization of Nickel Oxide nanoparticles. The XRD analysis confirmed the purity and crystallinity of Nickel oxide nanoparticles. Average grain size of Nickel oxide nanoparticles found out to be 15.26 nm examined by XRD. Fabricated nanoparticles were tested for different applications. Antibacterial activity of nickel oxide nanoparticles were confirmed at four different bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) taking Leflox as positive control and DMSO as negative control. All bacterial strains give remarkable zones of inhibition tested with range of nanoparticles dilutions. Dye degradation efficiency under sunlight were carried out thrice for about 180 min to check the stability and catalytic power of prepared nanoparticles and compare with UV lamp, results reported that degradation efficiency decreases on each recycle but gave good results on comparison with UV lamp. Different concentrations range from 0.01-0.05 g/ml are taken with constant amount of Cr (VI) for adsorption activity, examined results shows as the concentration increases from 0.01 to 0.05 g/ml percentage adsorption also increases. Best adsorption percentage was fount out to be 17.23% at pH 4. Analysis of anticancer activity reported cell survival is high at low concentration and vice versa.
Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their bioactivities
(UMT, Lhr, 2019) Rimsha Sajjad
This research work includes green synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles by utilizing Eucalyptus globulus as chelating agent and their bio activities. The crystalline structure, shape and morphology studied by different characterization techniques i.e. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The XRD analysis confirmed the purity and crystallinity of Zinc oxide nanoparticles. The XRD pattern showed 9 sharp distinguishable peaks around (101), (100), (002), (112) and (201). The synthesized nanoparticles were tested for different bio activities. The antioxidant activity of Zinc oxide nanoparticle gives significant percentage of free radical scavenging activity. The synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Eucalyptus globulus enhanced anticancer activity due to active bio components from plant extract. The percentage of cell viability in different concentration (1µg/ml, 5µg/ml, 10µg/ml, 15µg/ml, 30µg/ml, 60µg/ml, 120µg/ml) of zinc oxide nanoparticles by green method ranges from 29-95 %. Moreover, antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles were demonstrated at four different bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococus pseudopneumonie) taking gentamycin as positive control and DMSO as negative control. All bacterial strains give remarkable percentage of zone of inhibition.

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