School of Engineering (SEN)

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3-phase protection scheme
(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Areebah Rana; Hafiz liquat; Kashif raza
Engineering is not only a theoretical study but also the implementation of all that knowledge for creating new and making things more easy and useful for humans.Now a day a very common issue created by Wapda is not only the load-shedding but also the over-load and under-load voltage issues that harms the house hold electronics badly that made us think to make a protection scheme that protects the house hold goods from damaging .As its purpose is to protect any of house hold etectronic to get into an overload or under load conditions. By disconnecting the supply voltage through a relay and this is how we can save our etectronic machiens by getting replaced.
3D Modeling of parabolic concentrator
(UMT.Lahore, 2019) Samter Ahmad
Due to the increased need for energy and the energy crisis which the world is facing the renewable energy istaking place to full fill the need for energy with an alternative that is feasible and less contaminating and canhelp in minimizing the pollution which is caused by those sources of energy production which are notrenewable. This thesis is aiming to present a solar energy collection system that is full-spectrum and aimingto deliver variable electricity and heat according to demand. To focus on solar radiations, we are aiming toutilize a photovoltaic PV system that is concentrated. A CPV (Concentrated Photovoltaic) segment andvigorous aquatic cooling system have been industrialized which is meant to test the performance of the PVmodule while considering different parameters which include operating temperature, power output, andefficiency. The research is aiming to offer an auspicious scheme which is for illumination and controlling ofhightemperatureofaconservatoryschemeandtherooftopsofthebuilding.Itisanovelkindofconservatory which has lined Fresnel lenses within the shelter which is executing the role of a focusedphotovoltaic system. For the simulation, we have utilized COMSOL software. The system is trying to offerboth electricity and heat and this will provide enough energy requiredfor the heating of the isolatedgreenhouse. To increase the efficiency of the hybrid concentrated thermal photovoltaic parabolic trough isutilized. PV solar panels are installed which will convert electric energy into solar energy. The proposedtechnique is extremely useful as it results in improvement of the efficiency and reduces the cost of the PVmodule,easy to install, and has alow maintenancecost. Keywords:PV,Improved IC(IntegratedCircuit),Hybridphotovoltaicsystem,Fresnellenses.
3D printed mimicking robotic drill arm
(UMT Lahore, 2021-08) Hamza Yousaf; Usman Sarwar; Ali Saleem
The purpose of this project is to make a robotic drilling arm whish is controlled by the glove which has flex sensors on it to determine the movement of the arm during drilling process. The movement of fingers are controlled by a microcontroller, and the robotic arm is controlled by actuating servo motors. It is observed that robotic arm can simulate the movement of the human hand which is in the glove, during the test done. This robotic drilling arm can be used not only in automation, but also handling operations in dangerous environment where the humans are not able to operate.
3D printed mimicking robotic hand
(UMT Lahore, 2020-08) Muhammad Adnan Asif; Umair Afzal; Rana Ahmad Saeed
The purpose of this project is to make a robotic hand which is controlled by a glove that has flex sensors to determine the movement of the fingers of the human hand. The movement of the fingers is processed by a microcontroller, and the robotic hand is actuated using servo motors. It is observed that the robotic hand can simulate the movement of the human hand worn in the glove during testing. This robotic hand can be used not only in automation but also for handling operations in dangerous environments where humans are unable to operate.
3d-printed humanoid robotic arm (7-degree of freedom motion)
(UMT Lahore, 2021-08) Moazzan Ashfaq; Owais Nisar; Talha Chaudary
A 3D printable design for a humanoid robotic arm is introduced. The arm is electronically activated and controlled by the user flexing the muscle. The renowned bionic arm has the ability to use it from birth, with or without limb. Although this type of technology exists, it is expensive and generally not available to people in developing countries The aim and objective of this project is to create a 3D printed humanoid robotic arm that will mimic the natural movement of a human arm with 7 degrees of freedom of movement. 5 DOF is the movement of five fingers and uses a flexible sensor to control this movement. The other 2 DOF motion are of Wrist and Elbow to control them are using a gyroscope implanted on the glove. The roots of the system are innovative mechanical designs for 3D printed robotic arms. Modern electronic circuits and actuators bring devices to life and enable sophisticated control schemes. hope this work is valuable work for a diverse audience.
42v switch mode-based charger for advanced vehicle
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Saad Abdul Basit; Syed Irfan Hayder; Muhammad Zuhair Ammar; Muhammad Naeem Waris
As the demand in electrical loads increases in today’s advanced vehicles, there is a need to replace current 14V system to a new voltage system because the current system is not enough to meet the load requirement. To resolve this problem, an efficient and cost effective switch mode based 42V battery charging system using flyback topology is designed. TL494 PWM controller is used to design gate drive circuitry. Design is first simulated on NI Multisim software. Then, it is tested practically by connecting three 12V/ 4Ah batteries in series. Final converter circuit is successfully charging the batteries as desired. Keywords: battery charger, low cost, new voltage system for advanced vehicles, flyback, SMPS, TL494
5 DOF pick and place robotic arm
(UMT Lahore, 2022-09) FARHAN YAQOOB; ZAIN SAFDAR; M GHOUS UL SALIKAIN
umanity has long sought to give its creations lifelike traits in an attempt to discover replacements for itself to carry out its commands and function in a hostile environment. The common conception of a robot is one that functions and appears human. The industry is transitioning from its current state of mechanization to one of robotics, increased efficiency, and improved quality. A mechanical controller, also referred to as a mechanical arm, is one type of robot frequently used in the industry. It is a rigid chain of connections that may be open or closed. A mechanical controller, also referred to as a robot arm, is one type of robot frequently used in the industry. It is a movable joint-connected open or closed kinematic chain of rigid connections, consisting of the midsection, upper arm, and lower arm, which have joints at the shoulder and elbow. A wrist joint interacts with an end effector at the end of the arm.
A comparative study on effect of curing temperature on the properties of silica fume concrete
(UMT. Lahore, 2025) Muhammad Haris; Ans Aziz; Zohaib Ahmed; Shayan Tariq
This thesis investigates the influence of curing temperature on the mechanical and physical properties of concrete incorporating silica fume as a partial cement replacement. Silica fume, known for its pozzolanic reactivity and ability to enhance concrete strength and durability, was evaluated under various curing conditions including ambient curing, steam curing, and water curing. The experimental findings of this study demonstrate that incorporating silica fume as a partial replacement of cement significantly influences the strength development and workability of concrete. It was observed that higher dosages of silica fume negatively affect workability due to increased water demand, attributed to its high fineness and surface area. However, replacement levels between 5% and 15% yielded the most favorable results, offering an optimal balance between workability and compressive strength. At early ages (3 days), concrete mixes within this replacement range showed improved strength development, indicating the initiation of the pozzolanic reaction. This trend is consistent with previously published literature and confirms that silica fume enhances early-age performance without compromising fresh properties when used in moderate quantities. Moreover, the strength of concrete continued to increase at 28 days, as the pozzolanic reaction became more pronounced over time, contributing to a denser microstructure and higher compressive strength. Additionally, curing at elevated temperatures (such as 37°C) was found to accelerate the rate of hydration and pozzolanic activity, resulting in higher early-age strength compared to curing at ambient or lower temperatures. Overall, the study concludes that 5–15% silica fume replacement, combined with proper temperature-controlled curing conditions, can significantly enhance the mechanical properties of concrete, especially in strength development, while maintaining acceptable workability.
A comparative study on strength
(UMT. Lahore, 2025) Ali Riaz; Umair Ahmed Qureshi; Muhammad UmerRafique; Shah Khalid
Concrete is one of the most commonly used construction materials, and its properties can be modified using additives like air-entraining agents (AEAs) and supplementary cementitious materials. This study focuses on the effects of AE192, an air-entraining agent, on the mechanical and physical characteristics of ceramic concrete blocks, comparing them to traditional first-class bricks. The objective was to evaluate how different percentages of AE192 (5%, 8%, and 10%) influence compressive strength, weight, and workability, while also incorporating fly ash and ceramic powder for sustainability. A 1:2:4 mix design was used, with Bestway OPC Grade 43 cement, Lawrencepur sand, and 9.5 mm coarse aggregate. Fly ash replaced 20% of cement, and ceramic powder replaced 15% of sand. Two sample sets were tested at 7, 14, and 28 days for compressive strength and weight, following ASTM standards for slump, specific gravity, bulk density, and compression testing. Results showed the control mix (0% AE192) had the highest compressive strength (2030.56 PSI in Sample 1 and 1269.44 PSI in Sample 2), making it suitable for structural applications. The 5% AE192 mix showed balanced strength and reduced weight (1841.67 PSI and 733.33 PSI), making it ideal for semi- structural use. Higher AE192 levels (8% and 10%) led to reduced strength but improved workability and freeze-thaw resistance, useful for non-structural applications. Ceramic- enhanced blocks, especially with 10% ceramic powder, achieved 1186.11 PSI, offering a sustainable option. Although first-class bricks had higher strength, they were less sustainable. The study concludes that 5% AE192 offers an optimal balance of strength, workability, and sustainability.
A hybrid mppt technique for solar photovoltaic system under partial shading
(UMT.Lahore, 2019) Tayyab Raees
For energy production, renewable sources are prevailing than non-renewable sources because of their non-polluting and less contaminating characters. Solar energy is emerging as a greater source of electricity production. By using PV solar panels, solar energy is being converted into electrical energy. However, to examine the maximum power point and to overcome the limitations of environmental change is the major problem in this photolytic system. The purpose of this research is to resolve the limitations of different techniques with high convergence rate, low complexity, and fewer fluctuations as compared to other techniques. There are two different techniques, one is incremental conductance (direct tracking technique) and second is fractional open-circuit voltage (indirect tracking technique). This research provides the hybrid technique of FOCV and IC, which works in partial shading, uniform, and the static environment as well to maximize the power output. The proposed technique is extremely useful as it results in improvement of the efficiency and reduces the cost of the PV module, easy to install, and has a low maintenance cost. The whole algorithm has been implemented via two steps. In the first step, fractional open circuit voltage divides the whole power voltage curve into many sections and then estimates the section in which the global maximum point is possible to achieve. In the second step, incremental conductance run and find out the exact peak. The efficiency of this module is checked by comparing its results with other MPPT methods by using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Comparison has clearly shown that Improve Incremental conductance is more efficient and suitable in different shading conditions. Keywords; FOCV, Improved IC, Hybrid MPPT model.
A lean approach to improve efficiency by using VSM in excel engineering (PVT)
(UMT, Lahore, 2016) Ali Arslan, Muhammad Zawar, Sohaib Ariz and Abdul Razzaq
The project that we decided to perform is about value stream mapping, and to perform this project we chose a manufacturing (excel engineering) industry. The excel engineering currently create elevated expectation car and building part which incorporate Casting, Machining, Forging, Fabrication and Heat Treatment offices.. By visiting the industry we analyze that, this is going very difficult for the company to sustain their standard as the demand is increasing. And this also not be possible to meet the time limit criteria of the client. As the solution to save the company from this expected problem and to enhance the performance, the management of the company needs to apply the technique like “value stream mapping”. By the use of this technique they can manage their system properly and it would also be useful to meet their time limit as client expectations. Value stream mapping is lean manufacturing technique used to analyze and improve the stream of data or material required to deliver an item or administration for a client. It includes information flow from top management to work and from the suppliers to customer. For this purpose, six key factors are identified. These key factors are 1) efficiency 2) waiting time 3) lead time 4) work in process 5) defect 6) transportation. The non-value added activities are being identified and eliminated for the purpose of improvement.
A military spy robot
(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Muhammad Haseeb; Sultan M.Salah Ud Din; Muhammad Bilal Shafiq; Ibtesam Ellahi
A spy robot is a robot which is used to gather the required information. Spy robot that is designed in this project is able to move on any kind of surface. The chassis used very is powerful. It can run smoothly and unhindered on rough paths. The front part of the chassis can stand freely, according to the angle of the car ramp to adjust the overall balance of the chassis. It is flexible. The robot can also avoid the obstacles. If an obstacle will come in-front of the robot while driving then the ultrasonic sensor will indicate that there is something ahead. Solar cells are used in this project. Solar Panel is basically a panel that absorbs the sun rays as source of energy for producing an amount of electricity. Solar cells are placed on the plastic enclosure and a servo is attached with round wooden block, it will help in opening and closing of the wings. In this way battery will be charged with the help of sunlight. Battery can also be charged with the charger. So, we can say that this robot is hybrid. The camera used in this project will give the output in HD. The camera will move in 8D with the help of servo motors. The robotic arm holds the camera. Four servo motors are installed in the arm so they can rotate it in any direction. PIR sensor is also used to detect the motion of human moves in or out of the sensor range. Bluetooth is used for short range operation while HC-12 is used for long range operation of the robot. Video recorded by the camera will be received on the LCD with the help of RF transmitter and receiver. An android app is designed to control the robot using mobile phone serial communication. Arduino serial monitoring is used for long range operation.
A new proposed eight bit hybrid mash-efm multi-order sigma delta modulator for audio dac
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Khalid Ijaz
Digital-to-Analog (DAC) Converters manifest a very imperative role in many applications where data is interfaced with real analog world. The occurrence of some problems like jitter, quantization errors, integral nonlinearity and conversion time reduces the performance of DAC. One of the most efficacious ways to combat these problems is the use of Sigma Delta Modulation (SDM) in DAC. This work emphasizes on the designing of Multi-order SDM to achieve high resolution DAC consuming low power and high SNR. The increase of oversampling ratio (OSR) requires the high speed DAC, overloads the quantizer, eventually reduces the DAC speed and increases the power consumption. Similarly, the complexity of the transistor circuitry in VLSI technology implementation increases as the order of SDM increases. Hybrid MASH-EFM architecture is used to overwhelm the above two conditions. MATLAB simulation will be used for comparison of different Multi-order SDM architectures to study the effect on DAC performance. Different performance parameters are recorded at different OSR’s of different architectures (MASH, EFM and Hybrid MASH-EFM).1st order Hybrid MASH-EFM SDM achieves high SNR equal to 131.7 db and ENOB of 16 bits at OSR of 5. These results reveal that the proposed architecture (Hybrid MASH-EFM) is superior to two existing architectures.
A novel algorithm for opaque-array concentrator photovoltaic (oa-cpv) to reduce mismatch losses
(UMT.Lahore, 2021) Naveed Aftab Khan
The renewable energy sources are taking a great part along with the conventional sources for the production of increased power. Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) is showing great signs in terms of energy conversation to produce electricity. Because of highly concentrated non-uniform emissions, the opaque array photovoltaic concentrators experiences exceptional mismatch losses. Mismatch losses can also be minimize by, a proposed new hybrid strategy. The contrast of 4 traditional approaches with suggested algorithm’s output performance will be achieve through two-stage simulation procedure.
A study on Pakistan’s climate change policy and the challenges it will face in future rapid climate change
(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Muhammed Abrar
There is growing global consensus that climate change is the greatest upcoming global threat to humankind in modern times and is likely to have serious consequences for socio-economic sectors such as health, food production, energy consumption, security and natural resource management in near future. Pakistan is a developing country that has been severely hit by climate change affects in some last year’s Although Pakistan contributes very little to global greenhouse gas emissions. To face potential impacts of climate change in near future, a strong policy and institutional setup should be developed. Therefore this research aims to study the possible knowledge that policy makers and the government officials should focus on Therefore they can prepare themselves in the near future. Focusing on future vulnerability is the key feature for the achievement of Sustainable development. Government officials and policy makers face many challenges for Effective implementation of strategies to face the possible climate change affects, but the main gap lies in lack of participation of different affective communities at any level of policy-making. Therefore there is a strong need of Education on climate change and affective awareness at the governmental and local levels that will help us for Building the capacity for researchers policy makers and local communities. Therefore according to present and past circumstances effective measures should be needed to address climate change phenomena in Pakistan. It is essential that the government strongly recognize potential future climate risks and protect the environment.
Advance wireless power transfer system
(UMT Lahore, 2022-05) Sadaqat Ali; Shoaib Zafar
The transfer of power energy from source to load for a distance without any conducting wire or cables is called Wireless Power Transmission. The concept of wireless power transfer was realized by Nikola Tesla. Wireless power transfer can make a remarkable change in the field of electrical engineering which eliminates the use of conventional copper cables and current carrying wires. Day by day new technologies are making our life simpler. Wireless charging through resonance could be one of the next technologies that bring the future nearer. In this project it has been shown that it is possible to charge low power devices wirelessly via inductive coupling. It minimizes the complexity that arises from the use of conventional wire systems. In addition, the project also opens up new possibilities of wireless systems in our other daily life uses. The transfer of power, the primary thought of sending power without utilizing wires. It is exceptionally important to compose that the electrical wire network has reached each side of the world, so these days the remote exchange framework is a vital framework. The fundamental reason for this review is to examine an ideal remote power move conspire with greatest transmission productivity. Another point is to discover the boundaries which influence the power move and how to expand proficiency. Wireless transfer the power over a distance of 50cm with 85% proficiency. Each individual required a strategy which moves the power with high productivity. So the Wireless exchange framework is the most ideal choice which satisfies our prerequisites. The remote exchange framework is utilized without the wires and rises the effectiveness by decreasing power misfortunes. Along these lines, the methodologies, the wellspring of separating, the moving the size, distance, value, viability, and wellbeing are the fundamental premise. Likewise, we examine the new innovations on the remote exchange framework. The fundamental reason for this review is to examine an ideal remote power move conspire with greatest transmission productivity. Another point is to discover the boundaries which influence the power move and how to expand proficiency.
Advanced driver assistance system using NVIDIA JETSON NANO
(UMT Lahore, 2022-06) Amna Noor Ul Huda; Ahsan Fiaz; Ahsan Islam
An advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) collects environmental data from a vehicle’s surroundings by using sensors. In the case of any hazardous situation detected by scanning roads, early warnings are generated to the system to make driving safe and prevent the uncertain situation. It helps the driver maintain a safe distance from their neighboring vehicles to keep the car in an appropriate position. In this project, we proposed the implementation of three functions of ADAS: Lane detection, traffic sign recognition, and forward-collision warning using Nvidia Jetson Nano. It provides assistance to assist in different operations, i.e., ADAS monitor calculation; footage of all the recording and all the features present in one unit, secondary camera for a driver facing, Hub for powering it up, GPS Antenna for speed data or location of the data. The LCD will show the hurdles in front of the vehicle and generate warnings for both the display on the screen. With a great divergence in the area of ADAS, if we move towards machine learning for ADAS, then there we might face some complexity, but machine learning is used to precise the output after compiling the data on run time or memory-based data. Nvidia Jetson Nano is a mini-computer that is powerful enough to allow you to perform multiple tasks like image classification, segmentation, and speech processing simultaneously.
Advanced real time automation using system software control
(UMT.Lahore, 2018) Muhammad Taimoor Hassan; Muhammad Umar Qayyum; Zain Ul Abideen; Ahsan Ahmad Ajaz
A sensor based operating system that automates appliances according to the physical environment. This project provides insight to what can be achieved through the use of simple sensors operating simultaneously. This technique can be used to save energy and provided convenience for the daily use of appliances. The use of this particular form of automation is practical, advanced and convenient. It provides easy remote access to the operation of appliances which is a technologically advanced form of using electrical engineering knowledge for implementation anywhere. The software developed in the gateway for accessing the features of the entire system that include motion sensors and automatic brightness control mechanisms along with real time operations. The software provides the controlling of electrical switches from any given location provided that the device being used to access it is a part of the network to which the appliances are connected appropriately. This is a simple way of using technology to our advantage and makes use cheap equipment for our ease, comfort, security and also financial benefits in the long run.
AI based cleaning robot
(UMT Lahore, 2024-07-25) Muneeb Khan; Rameez Tariq
The AI-Based Cleaning Robot project aims to develop an efficient cleaning robot utilizing Raspberry Pi 4 Model B as its central processing unit. The project involves integrating key components such as a Raspberry Pi camera (5-megapixel), Lidar sensor, 5-V encoder motors (x2), caster wheel, chassis, 40-A BMS with a 36A battery pack, and an ESP module. The progress report details the team's journey in configuring the Raspberry Pi and selecting an appropriate operating system. Initially, Raspbian was chosen, but its effectiveness proved suboptimal. After an extensive review of literature, the team opted for Ubuntu 23.10, the latest version available. However, challenges arose as ROS packets necessary for operation were not yet released for this version. Consequently, the team shifted to Ubuntu 22.04, which supported ROS 2, providing a more feasible solution. Despite its complexity, the operating system was adopted for further development. Recognizing the need for a user-friendly environment, the team revisited earlier versions of Ubuntu and settled on Ubuntu 20.4 Mate. This version not only provided a friendly interface but also had pre-installed software and support for ROS 2. The Lidar sensor, a critical component, was successfully tested on the Raspberry Pi installed with Ubuntu 20.4 Mate, demonstrating optimal functionality. Hardware development involved the creation of a custom chassis with a circular design, boasting a 14-inch diameter. This chassis accommodates spaces for the placement of encoder motors and tires. Rigorous testing of the robot's movement with the integration of two encoder motors connected to an ESP module, wirelessly communicating with the Raspberry Pi, was conducted. The wireless connection aims to minimize delays by up to 50%. In summary, the team successfully navigated the challenges of selecting an appropriate operating system, tested the functionality of key components, and established a foundation for the AI-based cleaning robot. The integration of ROS 2, a user-friendly environment, and wireless communication showcases the team's commitment to creating an advanced and efficient cleaning solution.
AI based NOMA for Heterogeneous Networks
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Syed Muhammad Hamedoon
As wireless networks evolve to accommodate increasing user density, effective user clustering techniques are essential for optimizing resource allocation in Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) systems. Thus, as high-speed and quick data access becomes increasingly available, the need for a sophisticated and enhanced wireless network begins to emerge. NOMA-based heterogeneous networks are essential for the Internet of Things (IoT) era as they combine multiple wireless technologies and devices to enhance coverage, capacity, and user quality of service. In heterogeneous IoT networks with many users, exhaustively searching for optimal user pairs or groups becomes computationally infeasible. As user density increases, clustering becomes a combinatorial problem that demands scalable, low-complexity solutions. This research indicates various user partitioning algorithms that enhance network performance, spectral efficiency, and user fairness, particularly in dense scenarios with diverse channel conditions. We address the challenges of user clustering and power allocation in multi-carrier NOMA systems, emphasizing the importance of energy efficiency for IoT devices. A novel user clustering approach based on partial brute force search (P-BFS) is proposed, significantly reducing complexity while improving throughput. Additionally, we explore a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS)-assisted NOMA framework that optimizes power allocation and phase shifts through advanced optimization techniques, including deep learning and reinforcement learning. RIS-assisted NOMA systems designed for IoT networks make better use of spectrum, which saves power and keeps connections between many users stable. This system differs from conventional wireless communication systems. This research uses AI-based methods to find the best balance between sum rate and energy efficiency, finding the best RIS phase shifts and power distribution. The results demonstrate substantial improvements in sum rate and energy efficiency, highlighting the potential of intelligent clustering methods for future 5G and beyond networks.

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