2016

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https://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/17745

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Comprehensive study of 132/llkv johar town grid station
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Sana Mahmood
A substation is an integral part of power network in transfer power via incoming transmission lines and to distribution feeders. The pmpose of this project is to understand about the electrical equipment installed at substation and their function. This project covers the routine maintenance tasks of substation and checks the observations to be made by the shift engineer. Based on the collected data firom site visits an attempt is made to propose the various maintenance and corrective actions that should be taken in consideration for the longevity of the installed equipment and rehability of power supply
Simulation of a 1mw pv& 1mw wind power hybrid system using matlab
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) M.Ahmad Noor; M. Waqar; Yaseen Hanif; Nabeel Shabbir
In our project we make model of wind and PVSystems. We model 1 MegawattPV and 1 Megawatt wind power System in MATLAB. We perform all calculations of wind and PV for selection of system components. We use Double-fed Induction Generator (DFIG) in our wind system. We combine these two power sources wind to form a hybrid energy source. We used boost converter in our system to boost voltage of PV. We used 6 IGBTS in 3-phase inverter for converting dc to ac voltages. Our performance parameters are:PVoutput voltage, PVreal power and PV output current, wind power, rotor speed,output voltage and current. We also monitored a variation in voltage and current due to variation in intensity of light and temperature. We simulated our wind power system for 12m/s wind velocity. The hybrid system generated approximately 2MW of power
Biomass power production
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Muhammad Bilal Javed; Muhammad Basil; Tassaduq Hussain; Muhammad Bilal Akram
This project is based on the waste materials in Pakistan and how we convert these wastes to energy. Pakistan is now a days facing 4,554 megawatts of electricity shortfall. As we know that Pakistan is blessed with lot of resources like wheat, rice, cotton and sugar cane etc. we can use the wastes of these materials to produce electricity by fermentation method. And there is also lots of buffalos and poultry wastes, we can use these wastes and convert into electricity by gasification method. In this project we collect data of wastes materials within Lahore division. We found enough data to inject a project of biogas in feasible place in Lahore division which produce enough electricity in Lahore division to overcome electricity shortfall in division. We can also implement these plants in different areas in Pakistan especially in villages where we easily found wastes. These types of plants in Pakistan overcome the shortfall of electricity in Pakistan.
integration and simulation of hybrid energy resources in a building.
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Muhammad Bilal Zia Butt; Osama Nisar; Hassan Fareed CH; Ali Ahmad Farooq
With the increase of need in electrical energy in the world we are facing energy crisis. In a country like Pakistan which is going through worst energy crisis in form of load shading for last decade. It is unfortunate that we are still relying on non renewable energy sources like oil, gas etc while the world has switched to sustainable resources. This is why once the resources are gone we will stand nowhere if we didn't come up with a strategy to tackle these energy crisis then our next coming generation will live in dark era. To overcome the energy crisis we have to invest by our own as well we cannot rely on government. It is the time to switched ourselves to sustainable energy resources which are even better for environmental sustainability. The basic purpose of our project is to use renewable hybrid energy resources and to integrate them to fulfill our need for a building where wapda will be an extra option in case of any interruption. In our project we present the specification, design and development of a grid connected micro grid supplied by a hybrid wind solar generating source. A hybrid energy conversion system combining photo voltaic and wind turbine on a small scale as alternative source of electrical energy. one of the objective of this project is to provide a reliable, continuous, sustainable and good quality electricity to users.
Animatronics robot with two arms
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Ahsan Javed; Hafiz Abdul Hadi; Muhammad Ishaq; Zain-ul-Abidian
In these days in the world, there is an increasing need to create robotic or humanoid arms to do different human activities where human actions are difficult to perform or we can say impossible. It may involve pick and drop things, let’s say we want to serve a glass of water to a disabled person or diffuse a bomb, using a wireless control operation. Here we have proposed to build a robotic or humanoid arm controlled by different wireless means. Finally, this arm can avoid the problem such as picking or placing the harmful objects or non-hazardous objects that are far away from us and help to disable patients. The method used in designing and constructing the robotic arm is based on the operational features and characteristics of the microcontroller (Arduino), electronic circuit, servo motors and the programming of servo motors and Arduino microcontroller. The analog voltages received from the sensor (Infrared) are fed into the microcontroller, these analog voltages are converted into digital values using built in Analog to Digital converter of the microcontroller. The analog values from the infrared sensor fed into the Arduino and it is compared with stored reference values then appropriate signals are sent to servo motor 0controller, which actuates the motors to move the arm to the specified coordinates and grip or release the objects.
vehicle tracker using gps & gsm
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Shahzaib Abrar; Asjad khan; Sohaib Nayyer; Noman Khalid
Principle point of vehicle following tracking system is offer safety to vehicles of all types. GPS are profoundly profitable in nowadays, this system allows the administrator to screen and trace the automobile position. This new drive innovation, more often than not called vehicle tracing system which make various supernatural occurrences in the security of automobile. Vehicle tracing system utilized GPS and GSM innovation to track and give complete area and sped data to client over cell telephone. Project give minute by moment upgrades about vehicle area by sending SMS through GSM modem. SMS contain longitude and scope of the area of the vehicle. Microcontroller is the focal handling unit CPU of our undertaking. Microcontroller gets the directions from GPS modem and after that it sends the data through SMS. SMS will be sent to the proprietor of the vehicle. Thusly the vehicle managers can track their automobile on a continuous reason. On account of constant after office, Automobile taking after are ending up being logically standard among managers of immoderate automobiles
R-pi robot
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) JAMAL AHMED; Umer Farooq; Athar Farooq
A mechatronics machine called R-Pi Robot is a physically prototyped machine. This anticipate utilized as an Individual home/Office collaborator doing diverse undertakings when charged by a human voice order. Robot will have vision capacities with camera interface for distinguishing protests and exploring in a little territory, ordered by voice utilizing a voice acknowledgment module. Voice marks will be as of now customized for persons who will utilize it for their help. This robot will be particularly an awesome right hand for crippled or elderly persons. Model will be worked with constrained components of pick, place and serve abilities utilizing two arms and actuators. Robot have the capacity to move starting with one place then onto the next in a constrained zone, when directions will be customized into its memory. There is an incredible learning of both equipment and programming parts for understudies. The best target behind this anticipate is to make a humanoid sort machine with some knowledge and bringing some simplicity for a handicapped individual. This anticipate has both equipment and programming outline segments. Rather than having two legs, at first we utilize wheeled route of the robot. Later we will enhance it further to look more like a human. Programming will be outlined in Python dialect. Raspberry Pi board utilized used as an interface between Python program and Robot movement system.
Design of a solar stirling engine for generating electricity
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Muhammad Usman Iqbal; Hafiz Muhammad Naveed; Misbah Ur Rasool; Muhammad Ishaq Rasool
The point of this task was to outline, construct a Stirling engine fit for producing electricity b/w 10-50 watts of power. A few outlines were considered before settling on an alpha sort arrangement contains two-barrel air compressor. Concentrated sun light based vitality was chosen as a potential warmth source, however must be supplanted by a gas burner or some other starting mechanism because of deficient sun oriented presentation amid the testing time span. The warmer, cooler, flywheel and other frameworks were outlined, built, and dissected. Different instruments was used to measure temperatures. A few tests were performed on the engine with a specific end goal to enhance its running productivity, and basic issue territories were disconnected what's more, tended to.
Design, simulation and implementation of solar powered inverter
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Muhammad Nouman Riaz; Muhammad Jahangir Alamgir; Husnain Mehmood
This project presents the design and implementation of single phase photovoltaic inverter. The aim of this project is to give access to an everlasting and pollution free source of energy and to provide the user the option to use the system in two possible operating modes i.e. the stand alone mode which is used to satisfy his needs and grid connected mode which used to sell electricity to utility when in excess. Hence eliminating the need of battery storage .The inverter output will be regulated from 220Volts to 230 Volts at 50 Hz for a variation of load rated between 40W to 365W. Data for this study was gathered from different resources with the help of research papers. For boosting dc voltage from one level to other boost converter was used. This thesis is proposed to provide a method of boosting dc voltage from 5 Volts to 14 Volts, by using a boost converter designed specifically for this task. Then this 12V DC is converted into same level Ac voltage using inverter. After that centered taped transformer increases 12V AC into 220 V AC. But at the same time power quality is also improved by LC filter.
Improved design of solar thermal Power generation unit
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Zunair Asghar; Awais Sabir; Waqar Ali; Zain Khalid
In the modern era, most improved and cheap technology for renewable electrical energy resource is Concentrating Solar power (CSP).In our project we are producing thermal energy, through solar energy using Parabolic Trough Technology (PTC). We are even using tracking system to get maximum sun intensity during day. The energy that is produced is stored in storage tank for further use. The knowledge applied on this system is based upon the course we studied. Our work will ultimately be demonstrated to validate the project design. Obstacles and possible improvements will also be presented.
Designed a solar powered - microcontroller based vegetable garden shed and water drip system
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Adeel Ashraf; Ali Kamran Tariq; Ali Sabir; Farheen Shafi
The “SOLAR POWERED-ARDUINO BASED TEMPERATURE CONTROLLING BY SHED AND SOIL MOISTURE CONTROLLING THROUGH DRIP SYSTEM” controls the temperature and moisture level of garden according to its condition for agricultural or any other industrial application. A temperature sensor LM35 is utilized for distinguishing the temperature of the earth and the framework demonstrates the temperature on a LCD in the scope of 30 to 40°C..This temperature is contrasted and the worth put away by the customer and if the temperature goes a long way from the modified temperature then the shed will push ahead and if temperature goes not exactly to particular esteem then shed will move backward of the chosen area. Also the soil moisture sensor will compare with the quality put away by client and if the worth goes underneath to preset esteem then sprinkler will on with the help of motor. Another thing which we are introducing here is drip system or drip irrigation for moisture controlling within the root zone at field capacity. We are also design charge controller by our own in this project.
Multiple level inverter controlling the speed of induction motor by using pwm techniques
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Aqib Khalid; Ismail Ahmed Raja; Shoab Ur Rehman; Homair Khan
abstract not available
Efficient human voice recongnition system
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Habba Aabroo Sherdil; Hafsa Rafique; Muhammad Tajdar Alam; Hafiz Muhammad Aun Sabir
The usefulness of identification of a person from the uniqueness of his/her voice is increasing with growing importance of automatic information processing. This report reviews the voice characteristics and voice identification techniques which are used in recognizing people by their voices. Voice is a random signal with continuous acoustic variability’s hence a proper digital processing algorithm has been selected for voice recognition system to extract required information from the voice sample. Voice features are the tool on the basis of which voice recognition can be done. In this report, the implementation of VRS (Voice Recognition System) is done using MATLAB. MFCC (Mel frequency cepstral coefficients) and DTW (Dynamic Time Warping) are two algorithms which are adopted for voice feature extraction and matching. These techniques make it possible to use human voice to recognize the identity of a person and after verification enable the control access to database services, security control for confidential information areas, providing voice recognition ability in robots.
Final project report on home automation system using gsm, Bluetooth and infrared sensors
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Khadija Bhatti; Muhammad Hurr; Hafiz Ahmed Zahid; Muhammad Jaffar
Technology is always starving for increment and it’s a never terminating. We should design such a system which should be designed using existing technology that will be advantageous for our existence and will be a large influence for our community. It should be also beneficial for new upcoming generation. Now a day, the major concern is to save electrical energy as much as we can due to large consumption of fossil fuels and other sources which are used to produce electricity. We present a low cost and flexible system using three different ways, that are Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), Bluetooth Module and infrared sensors. This system is planned to be cheap also, is made to be much efficient as well as ascendable letting different devices to be organised with minimum fluctuations to its main. PIN shield and specified number protection is also being introduced using GSM module as well as in Bluetooth to allow authorized operators from controlling the machines at home.
42v switch mode-based charger for advanced vehicle
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Saad Abdul Basit; Syed Irfan Hayder; Muhammad Zuhair Ammar; Muhammad Naeem Waris
As the demand in electrical loads increases in today’s advanced vehicles, there is a need to replace current 14V system to a new voltage system because the current system is not enough to meet the load requirement. To resolve this problem, an efficient and cost effective switch mode based 42V battery charging system using flyback topology is designed. TL494 PWM controller is used to design gate drive circuitry. Design is first simulated on NI Multisim software. Then, it is tested practically by connecting three 12V/ 4Ah batteries in series. Final converter circuit is successfully charging the batteries as desired. Keywords: battery charger, low cost, new voltage system for advanced vehicles, flyback, SMPS, TL494
Prototype design of small scale wind turbine and its control
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Usman Shafaqat; Saad Butt; Hafiz Ali Haris; Tayab Ali Javed
We Know that the in present days and in future the wind energy is rapidly grow. In the year of 2006 the generating capacity in the world increased by 26%, a growing rate which has more or less been nonstop during the last decade. And there is no reason to believe that this growth will slow significantly in the coming years. For example, the United Kingdom's goal for installed wind turbines by 2020 is 33 GW up from 2 GW in 2006, an average annual growth rate of 23% over that world. More than half of all turbines are installed in Europe, but United States, India and lately China are also rapidly growing markets. Now the wind provides more than 20% of the electrical power in our systems, the industry has professionalized and has close ties with public research at universities. This focus issues is concerned with research in wind energy. The main purposes of research in wind energy are to decrease the cost of power generated by the wind; • increase the reliability and predictability of the energy source; • investigate and reduce the adverse environmental impact of massive deployment of wind turbines; • Build research based educations for wind energy engineers.
Hardware implementation & control of single phase dc-dc & dc-ac inverter with improved power quality
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Muhammad Shahbaz; Muhammad Muddassir; Muhammad Fahad Nazir; Muhammad Usman Khalid
This thesis has two major purposes: (1) to design improved quality DC-DC converter and DC-AC inverter (2) to demonstrate their simulation of related software (Multisim, Proteus etc.) for a renewable energy systems. Converters and inverter acts as a bridge for getting electrical energy from Photo voltaic systems. DC-DC converters are electronic devices that are used to convert dc voltage from one level to another. While Inverter are devices used to convert Dc power into Ac. Data for this study were gathered from different resources with the help of research papers. For boosting dc voltage from one level to other boost converter was used. This thesis is proposed to with provide a method of boosting dc voltage from 5 Volts to 14 Volts, by using a boost converter designed specifically for this task. Then this 12V DC is converted into same level Ac voltage using inverter. After that centered taped transformer increases 12V AC into 220V AC. But at the same time power quality is also improved by LC filter In conclusion, all aims, tests and data have been documented within this report. Results of simulation proved that the boost converter will increase 5 volts to 14 volts with 92% power conversion efficiency. Furthermore, Ac voltage obtained is obtained as an output of inverter.
Design and fabrication of solar powered plane (uav) shams one
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Abdul Mateen Jamil; Syed Muhammad Junaid Javaid; Taha Nadeem Baig; Rana Qamar Zaman
Energy is the most valuable resource and foundation of civilization. It is also our heritage for future generations. Preserving this resource will boost technology. Solutions that previously seemed impossible or too expensive, today, are technically and economically achievable. Application of new capacity generated by renewable energy sources can make a machine workable for long time. Solar energy is most charming sources of energy as it is have no price. Solar energy, on the other hand can be important because this energy is infinite. The solar energy received by earth in one hour is more than world’s annual energy consumption. World attention to solar energy has risen. Solar radiations are converted to electrical energy with the usage of solar cells although this electrical energy varies in power with the respect of radiations absorbed by a solar cells array. The plane is built by keeping in mind that it has to carry (400) grams of pay load and still it should not disturb aerodynamics of plane for this purpose we designed a plane with (120) inch wingspan in light weight balsa wood and reinforced with carbon fiber and fiber glass to make sure that wings do not feel too much flex during flight controls. Network synchronization issues are examined and a suitable voltage regulation plan is proposed. Two arrays of solar cells was paste on top of the wings to get the desire voltage and current from the solar cells. This electrical energy shift in switch compartment of fuselage where a flight controller decides to transfer this energy in DC to DC booster or in solar ESC by servo switches which is controlled by receiver signals of plane. The solar ESC is configure and programmed according to the power requirement. Network synchronization issues are examined and a suitable voltage regulation plan is proposed. On the other hand (94.5%) efficient booster produce enough voltage for (MPPT) solar charge controller to charge a (22.2) volt (4) amps battery. To avoid sparking or over heating silicone wires used in fuselage with heat shrinks covered on each joints. The (MPPT) solar charge controller has features to charge battery, prevent overcharge, high speed power tracking, and temperature sensor to avoid overheating. The battery is li ion with (25 C) discharge rate capacity which can provide burst current when needed. (360) kva (22.2) volt brushless AC motor with (24) poles used to rotate (17) inch carbon fiber prop with (7.5) pitch and (6000) rpm to get desired thrust. (80) Amps (26) volt ESC is chosen to drive this power train for maximum power during landing and takeoff. The ESC is programmed for rpm, timing mode, system voltage cut off and throttle calibration to fly for longer duration of time. DC is transformed into AC for AC motor and it has built in (BEC) to power on receiver on 5 volt. Six channel RC receiver is attached with servo switches and servo motors to control radar and elevators of plane. To
Energy management in a hybrid micro-grid
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Mughis-ur-Rehman Anwar; Muhammad Akbar Abdul Rehman; Saad Bilal Nasir; Bilal Rafique
The extensive use of natural resources has increased the high penetration of Renewable Energy resources in ongoing Electrical Power Systems. The involvement of these new resources in to the ongoing Electrical Power Systems has decreased the cost of electricity per unit but at the cost of instability of network. The renewable energy resources are not consistent and their output does not sustain all the time due to natural effects. Due to high risk of system instability upon removal of renewable energy resources from the system a great need of an efficient energy resource management system arises. The proposed research work is about developing an energy management system for the power system after modeling and studying the behavior of renewable energy resources integrated with the conventional generation system. The research involves a extensive study over behavior of wind energy systems and solar PV energy systems and the effects of nature on the output of them. A complete model has been proposed in this project for the efficient operation of the micro-grid.
Enhanced inter-cell interference coordination for lte-a Networks
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Muhammad Daniyal; Syed Mohammad Hasnain Shah; Faraz Shahid
Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) are made from the combination of Macro cells, Remote radio heads and lower power nodes like Pico-cells, Femto-cells, and Relays. A heterogeneous network comprises of various radio access advancements, structures, solutions to transmissions and base stations which have a differening transmission power. In the small cell deployment of Relay, Femto and Pico over Macro cellular network, the throughput of the end user is limited by the inter cell interference. A proper resource scheduling and interference management methods are required to solve this problem. The nodes have different operation modes which work in open access mode and close access mode and various base stations of the network having unbalanced transmission power. In this report, a system level simulation is performed for LTE-A (downlink) using Vienna Simulator (LTE-A Downlink System Level Simulator) to simulate and analyze the problem for Femto-cell networks which have been deployed in a dense manner and influenced by solid co-level interference, keeping in mind the end goal to upgrade the capacity of netwok and deal with the interference adequately. In LTE-Advanced heterogeneous networks, femto-eNBs (evolved Node B) are deployed for making the offload traffic ample from macro layer, thus bringing users near to base station for improving the experience of cell edge user. But, macro-eNB gives severe interference to femto cell edge users as the transmission power is much higher. So, the biggest issue that needs to be resolved in LTE-A HetNets (Heterogeneous Networks) is Inter cell interference. There are some sources of interference in Femto-cells overlaid LTE-A networks that cause the problem, which are as following: Unplanned Deployment: Femtocells are the nodes with low power and users deploy them in ad hoc manner. These nodes can be giver over from one point to other, anytime and can also be switched On/Off. For this, routine network planning and also the optimization is not quite efficient because location of these cells cannot be operated by the operators as they do not have the privilege to manage the number of these.

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