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Item SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SCHIFF BASES(UMT.Lahore, 2016) ALI JAANThe synthesis of Schiff base typically followed a route of condensation with the elimination and formation of water and C=N bond respectively. The process employs different reaction conditions depending upon the reaction requirement. Usually the reaction formation demanded a reflux of minimum two hours. All the characterization of prepared sample was performed by UV-visible, IR and elemental analysis that confirmed the synthesized product confirmation. Five samples were synthesized A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5. The synthesized samples A1, A2, A3, and A4 showed excellent antioxidant activity with DPPH. The discussed samples efficiently hinder the oxidation process, proceeded by free radicals leading to degradation of tissues, and retained the life of cells. The synthesized compounds could be used further as ligands in different metal complexes. The Biological properties of such complexes can be explored in future.Item ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE(UMT.Lahore, 2016) KaleemullahIndustrial waste contains different valuable components which depend upon the nature of industry and the process of production of product. The waste in this study was taken from NIMIR chemical industry which consists of multi component system waste. Different analytical techniques were used to identify and analyze the valuable components. Once these components are separated the resultant components are more valuable and less hazardous for environment. Distillation, sublimation, FTIR and some other techniques will be used to separate the components from industrial waste. Phthalic anhydride is a valuable organic compound and it has many uses. Such as dyes, pharmaceuticals, plasticizers and in many organic compound synthesis. In this study phthalic anhydride will be extracted and analyzed.Item ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF BENZOIC ACID(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Muhammad Bilal HassanItem REMOVAL OF COPPER IONS FROM POLLUTED WATER BY ACTIVATED CARBON(UMT.Lahore, 2016) FAKHRA ASHRAFThere are many sources of water pollution. Most of them are city sewage and industrial waste which are removed in rivers, sea and canals etc. Heavy metals released in the environment that create global problem. Water pollution is damage of streams, lakes, underground water, sounds, or seas by substances unsafe to living things. Removal of copper ion is done by activated carbon. The process is use for their removal of copper. Metal are removed by using activated carbon. By using oxidizer as adsorbent metals are removed from aqueous solution. The major advantage of activated carbon is inexpensive and cheap. The main point of this work was to achievement low cost and effective adsorbents for the removal of Cu using tamarind stone carbon. It was detected from the experimental results that almost 90percent copper can be separate from the solution. Adsorption have been examined as a purpose of initial Cu (II) ion concentration, Particle size, pH and temperature. Data were studied using spectrophotometer. On the basis of experimental results it can be concluded that the carbonaceous tamarind is effective for the elimination of Cu (II) from solution.Item SYNTHESIS STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION AND ANIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ZINC, CADMIUM AND NICKEL COMPLEXES WITH AMOXICILLIN TRIHYDRATE(UMT.Lahore, 2016) UZMA NAWAZThe bacteria and fungi are getting resistant against antibiotic drugs. There is need to search for new compounds and coordination complexes of biologically significant molecules that are resistant against pathogens. Amoxicillin is very famous and harmless antibiotic and it is good absorber as compared to other beta-lactam antibiotics. It is used to treat many different types of infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. It works against Gram‐negative bacteria more effectively as compare to Gram positive bacteria. In many areas of research amoxicillin and its derivatives are frequently used especially in pharmaceutical and biological studies. Amoxicillin is bio functional active due to the presence of lactam ring this ring protects from bacterial growth by the mechanism of petrolysis. Amoxicillin is unstable in acidic medium it needs to be stabilized for better anti-microbial effect. Amoxicillin can be stabilized by making complexes with different metals. Metal complexes have great biological importance. It works in biological catalytic reactions, antimicrobial agents, in industries and herbicides. Chelating ligands that contains heteroatoms such as S, O and N show great resistance against disease causing microorganisms and are important due to their different ways of coordination with metal ions. It is found that when metal is attached with biologically active specie its action against pathogens increases. Three different complexes of amoxicillin were prepared with metal (II) cadmium, nickel and zinc. The sample were analyzed by IR. The antibacterial activity was also performed by agar diffusion assay to check the antibacterial effect of these complexes. The infrared spectroscopy showed that metal complex is formed by hydroxyl group. All the complexes showed resistance against Gram negative Eschericia coli and Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The zone of inhibition for cadmium amoxicillin against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was 14 mm and 13 mm respectively. Zone of inhibition measured for zinc amoxicillin against Staphylococcus aureus was 11 mm which is minimum as compared with other complexes. Cadmium amoxicillin showed maximum antibacterial activity against both strain Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli. Therefore it is concluded that cadmium amoxicillin, nickel amoxicillin dihydrate and zinc amoxicillin complexes could be served as antibacterial agents.Item SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF AMOXICILLIN TRIHYDRATE COMPLEXES WITH COPPER (II), IRON (II), MANGANESE (II)(UMT.Lahore, 2016) SAMIA SHOUKATDiseases are the challenge for human being as old as man himself. In every era of life people try to overcome and cure these diseases. For that purpose plants are the natural resources of drugs which are produced during different process of life as by-product. Amoxicillin is an antibiotic drug of class penicillin. The first Amoxicillin became presented in 1972. On the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, it is the most important medications needed in a basic health system. One of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in children. Amoxicillin is available as a generic medication. It is usually the drug of choice within the class because it is better-absorbed, following oral administration, than other β-lactam antibiotics. This drug acts by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It inhibits cross-linkage between the linear peptidoglycan polymer chains that make up basic component of the cell walls of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Amoxicillin has three ionisable groups in the physiological range i.e. amino group, amide carbonyl group and the carboxyl group. Amoxicillinis active with both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The lactam ring inhibits bacterial growth by proteolysis mechanism. This antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by microorganisms.Item Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization & Biological Screening of Co(II), Cr(III), Ag(I) Complexes with Amoxicillin(UMT.Lahore, 2016) ANUM SHARIFThe bacteria and fungi are getting resistant against antibiotic drugs. There is need to search for new compounds and coordination complexes of biologically significant molecules that are resistant against pathogens. Amoxicillin is very famous and harmless antibiotic and it is good absorber as compared to other beta-lactam antibiotics. It is used to treat many different types of infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. It works against Gram‐negative bacteria more effectively as compare to Gram positive bacteria. In many areas of research amoxicillin and its derivatives are frequently used especially in pharmaceutical and biological studies. Amoxicillin is bio functional active due to the presence of lactam ring this ring protects from bacterial growth by the mechanism of petrolysis. Amoxicillin is unstable in acidic medium it needs to be stabilized for better anti-microbial effect. Amoxicillin can be stabilized by making complexes with different metals. Metal complexes have great biological importance. It works in biological catalytic reactions, antimicrobial agents, in industries and herbicides. Chelating ligands that contains heteroatoms such as S, O and N show great resistance against disease causing microorganisms and are important due to their different ways of coordination with metal ions.