Department of Electrical Engineering
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Item Design and Hardware Implementation of DC-DC Converter and DC-AC Inverter(University of Management & Technology, 2018) Mohsin Ali; Mukaram Ayaz; Hamza AliAs the conventional energy resources are declining day by day, the world trend is shifting towards renewable energy resources. Solar energy is one of the major sources of providing cheaper and cleaner energy, but this energy comes at a cost. To extract energy from photo-voltaic panel, power electronic based conversion system is designed which would efficiently convert varying dc power into stable ac power. To achieve this task, PWM based converter and inverter are designed employing high frequency, which significantly reduce component size and cost, but this comes at a cost of increased noise and switching losses. In remedy to these issues magnetic components are designed on ferrite cores. Initially varying DC voltages of range 20-45 volts from PV panel are converted to stable DC 15 volts in full-bridge DC-DC converter with less than 1 percent variation, employing feedback of type-II compensator. These stable voltages are then converted to single phase AC with constant 50 Hz frequency and RMS value of 220 volts in PWM based square wave inverter. The switching frequency of 25 kHz is used in converter and of 50 Hz in inverter. All aim, calculations, tests, data and conclusions have been documented with in this report. As the converter is based on high frequency switch mode design, it accounts for all the shortcomings of the linear power supplies. PWM based square inverter is made of simple design employing low frequency to justify cost and complexity. Special high frequency transformer and inductors are designed in converter to provide safety in terms of isolation and filter design and to store energy operating in continuous conduction mode. To reduce noise in converter opto-coupler and decoupling capacitors are used. Comprehensive and state of the art design resulted in a much smaller, lighter, cheaper and efficient energy conversion mechanism which would ultimately increase the use of solar energy in lives of people and would also help them get rid of load-shedding and would promote green energy. Realizing the fact that sudden change in load and input voltages would bring bunch of harmonics comprising a large range of frequencies, hence a feedback design ensures stability conditions using conventional control techniques employing bode plot and root locus. Results are tolerable and gives variations of less than 2 % in voltages and less than 1 % in frequency giving constant frequency of 50 Hz. Rise time, settling time, overshoot, damping all are in desirable limits. Total Harmonic Distortion in current waveform is less than 15 %.Item WLAN Improvisation Using OPNET(University of Management & Technology, 2018) Farrukh, Alishey; Nouman, Muhammad; Abdullah, AqsaIn this era of fast paced technologies wireless networks have become more desirable for users rather than the wired networks. But, unfortunately it has a drawback of low bandwidth. Despite the fact it is more likely due to mobility, flexibility and it having cheap physical medium (air). Network performance based on IEEE 802.11 have become more popular during this era. For researchers to evaluate the network performance and telecommunication evaluation computer simulation has become a vital tool.[2] Simulation is more preferred as there is more availability of strong simulators and there is built-in flexibility in validation that is offered by the model construction and simulation. There are several network simulators available in the market but OPNET IT Guru is more preferable. [3]OPNET IT Guru enables the easy creation of virtual scenarios and the factors changing with fast and effective outcomes which can definitely carried forward in practical use. There are several factors that affect the network performance of WLAN of which a few are throughput, increased retransmission, propagation delay, network delay, queuing delay, load delay, media access delay, bandwidth and many more. [4]In our paper we will be providing variation in the factor of bandwidth in the provided ranges available on OPNET IT GURU and will be checking its effect caused on the factors of media access delay, load delay and throughput on four technology models which are being used. Our technology models include Frequency hopping, 802.11a, 802.11g and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum. The number of users will be varied on four technologies and also along the buffer size will be varied and result will be concluded to be evaluated.Item Laboratory Experimental Panel Setup for Radial Feeder Protection(University of Management & Technology, 2018) Ali, Sajjad; Bahar, Tahir; Waheed, UmerRadial feeders are characterized by having unidirectional power flow which is from the source to each end customer. The simplicity and cost effectiveness of the radial feeder makes its protection less expensive and easy to which signifies the importance of the proposed project. The proposed setup acts as a base to the Experimental laboratory which will be effective in the industrial awareness and develop experimental techniques in academic activities of the protection system. Since there is no any hardware available in the lab of power system proposed project will act as a foundation stone to the experimental laboratory of power systems. Being one of its kind in this institution emphasis it importance. The estimation the radial feeder’s parameters are performed by standard modelling techniques. After that a panel will be designed which will spontaneously isolate the faulty section of feeder from the healthy system, this will ensure the sustainable and safe operation of system. The panel comprise of two different sections. In first one is the main circuit with modelled section of the feeder will continuously be monitored by the IDMT relays for fault conditions. In the abnormal state these relays generate tripping signals. These tripping signals are received in the control circuit. Depending upon the tripping signal, control circuit isolates the faulty section of the feeders. A proposed project will employ the study of special implementation IDMT overcurrent protection relays to a radial transmission circuit. The study will include the modelling of the radial feeders section, calculations for setting the time gradated over current protection relays, clearance of the fault and calculations as well as programming of microcontroller for the fault clearance time. The proposed project will help in developing the designing skills and will also help understanding the underlying theory for the relaying and provide the real taste of the industrial relaying.Item Smart Street Sweeping Machine(University of Management & Technology, 2018) Usama Saleem; Umair Hayat; Saad IslamHouseholds of today are becoming smarter and more automated. Home automation delivers convenience and creates more time for people. Domestic robots are entering the homes and people's daily lives, but it is yet a relatively new and immature market. However, a growth is predicted and the adoption of domestic robots is evolving. Several robotic vacuum cleaners are available on the market but only few ones implement wet cleaning of floors. The purpose of this project is to design and implement a Vacuum Robot Autonomous and Manual via Phone Application. Vacuum Cleaner Robot is designed to make cleaning process become easier rather than by using manual vacuum. The main objective of this project is to design and implement a vacuum robot prototype by using Arduino Mega, Motor Shield L298D, DC motor and simple DC gear motor, Servo motor Ultrasonic Sensor, and Vacuum cleaner and to achieve the goal of this project. Vacuum Robot will have several criteria that are user-friendly.Item Data Acquisition and Signal Processing Of an ECG(University of Management & Technology, 2018) Muhammad Adeel; Abdulrehman Arshad; Syed Arsum Khubaibullah GillaniDuring engineering we are supposed to do those engineering projects which are in favor and goodwill of the public. The main difficulty faced by the community is diseases and unhealthy life. More exploration reveals some critical facts and figures about the deadly diseases of the heart. According to WHO (World Health Organization) 17.7 million people died due to heart diseases in 2015 all over the world and 82% of them were in low and middle income countries. In most of cases the disease is not diagnosed in right time to be cured because diagnostic procedures are expensive and complex. An engineer's duty is to remove intricacies and serve his fellow human beings. The main purpose of this project is to design a diagnostic (ECG) machine which should be cheap, easy to use and accessible to common people. Most importantly it reveals accurate information about the heart's condition. Moreover, doctors use ECG machine along with electroencephalogram (EEG) to monitor the conscious level of a patient suffering anesthesia or during any surgical procedure. Diagnosis is most important part of any disease to be cured and via this ECG machine we can interpret the condition of heart's four chambers, and via this information we can contribute towards serving the humanity, help the helpless and save the people in distress.Item An Intuitive approach for the design and implementation of omnidirectional telepresence robot(University of Management & Technology, 2018) Zail Ul AbideenItem OPERATIONAL CONTROL OF THREE PHASE MICROGRID.(University of Management and Technology, 2018) Zia, AamirThis thesis examines the dynamic behaviour and transients of a three phase synchronous Micro- Grid. This project describes a feasible control and operation of three phase MG. The Electrical Grid (EG) is designed to operate as a structure consisting of generation, transmission, and distribution with the help and support of different control devices to maintain system stability, efficiency & reliability. Operation and control of three phase MG is about productive control and monitoring. This involves the stability of voltages and frequency at generator Bus Bar (BB). This is effectuated by maintaining the field excitation of Synchronous Generator (SG) to have 380V/440V at the BB. Furthermore, frequency at the BB is maintained at approximately 50Hz by supervising the speed of DC shunt motor. A DC shunt motor has been used as a Prime Mover (PM) for SG. The speed of DC motor and field of SG are varied from DC drives. Both the DC drives are commanded by Fatek (PLC) along with an Analog Module (AM). Current Transducer (CT), Potential Transducer (PT) and RPM sensor is used for metering purposes at the SG output. A load box is also attached at the output of SG. The integral objective of this project is the advancement of productive system with automatic distribution and monitoring for a standalone MG. In Pakistan, this project can be expand to make a building self-sustained in meeting its own electrical requirements. Such MG can help in overcoming the country’s energy crisis and removing extra load on power stations. All in all, this report investigates the inclusion of Synchronous Machine based DG’s to enhance stability of MG which is its biggest concern.Item COMPUTER BASED PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MICROPRECESSOR BASED NUMERICAL DISTANCE RELAY(University of Management and Technology, 2008) Aizaz Farid, MuhammadThe analysis of unbalanced power systems depends usually on transformation methods by which the phase quantities are substituted by, for example, symmetrical component quantities.This research work proposes a methodology for the safety of a long distance transmission line of ultra-high voltage UHV using microprocessor for fault detection, isolation and auto-reclosing processes. Different protection schemes and protective relays can isolate or eliminate the fault that can cause hazard because they can detect faults in advance as compared to classical traditional devices. The algorithm inside the relay plays a vital role in fault detection and fast isolation of the faulty circuit. Although the numerical or digital relays are more advanced as compared to old electromechanical relays yet in order to study the suitability of a relay for a particular system, comparative study of operating algorithms, fault records, oscillography, fault locator and communication interface of different distance relays is required for selection of the right relay for fast and reliable operation of the protection system and fast isolation of the faulty circuit. Quick response of the relay for isolation of the fault plays a vital role in a country’s economy and revenue because long outages due to indiscriminate tripping, machines are tripped that require cold start which result in delay for the dispatch of energy (kWh) to the system.Thepresent work will help in selecting the appropriate microprocessor based numerical distance relay for installation and commissioning at both ends of the protected transmission lineItem Dual axis solar tracking system(University of Management and Technolog, 2017) Bilal, Mudassar; Bilal, MuhammadWe get 17*1020unit of power through solar rays yearly. That is 2000 time larger then necessities of human being are onto ground. However we aren’t using th0se possessions of solar rays suitably. As a result we face difficulty of lack of poweron globe. Wehave used those possessions to used solar rays and renovate it into electric power for getting more energy. Most of solar plates in world are established. That’s why they cannot travel within progressof sun and they cannot came at the angel of 90 degreeto sun everytime. As a result we cannot achieve most rays of light from sun. Outputenergy created via higher application of sun light and photovoltaic system is straightforwardly associated to sum of sun rays power required by systemsand it’s thus essential to follow sun location within largerdegree of exactness. To solve problemwehave apply sun trackers that travel with move ment of sun. When sun move our plates might move with angel of 90 degre to Sun. So solar plates will got greatest rays through solar rays. So as a consequence we could achieve highest rays through sun and changes it into electricalpower. Thus we c0uld solve issue of loss of power onto earthItem A new proposed eight bit hybrid mash-efm multi-order sigma delta modulator for audio dac(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Ijaz, KhalidDigital-to-Analog (DAC) Converters manifest a very imperative role in many applications where data is interfaced with real analog world. The occurrence of some problems like jitter, quantization errors, integral nonlinearity and conversion time reduces the performance of DAC. One of the most efficacious ways to combat these problems is the use of Sigma Delta Modulation (SDM) in DAC. This work emphasizes on the designing of Multi-order SDM to achieve high resolution DAC consuming low power and high SNR. The increase of oversampling ratio (OSR) requires the high speed DAC, overloads the quantizer, eventually reduces the DAC speed and increases the power consumption. Similarly, the complexity of the transistor circuitry in VLSI technology implementation increases as the order of SDM increases. Hybrid MASH-EFM architecture is used to overwhelm the above two conditions. MATLAB simulation will be used for comparison of different Multi-order SDM architectures to study the effect on DAC performance. Different performance parameters are recorded at different OSR’s of different architectures (MASH, EFM and Hybrid MASH-EFM).1st order Hybrid MASH-EFM SDM achieves high SNR equal to 131.7 db and ENOB of 16 bits at OSR of 5. These results reveal that the proposed architecture (Hybrid MASH-EFM) is superior to two existing architectures.Item Biomass energy for Pakistan(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2017) Abdullah KhalidPakistanhas been experiencing a severe energy crisis in recent decades due to insufficient electricity generation capacity relative to demand. Shortages of electricity and gas have had a direct impact on domestic and commercial activities. Natural gas is the essential resource for the confined electricity, due to the continued reduction of this source and demand, companies generating power now rely on relatively expensive furnace oil. This crisis can be overcome by looking for sources of fuel that are economically rich and widely available within the country. The majority of the Pakistani population lives in rural and remote areas currently has no access to electricity. However, renewable energy resources, particularly biomass, solar and wind, can play a key role in electrifying remote areas of the country. A hybrid power system is a promising energy generation procedure that involves a combination of diverse energy systems, mostly renewable for optimal output configuration. In modern renewable energy research (RE), optimum conditions for the production and consumption of energy systems are considered an essential feature of the economic burden of shipping. Wind, solar and biomass are three renewable energy sources that are primarily focused on this thesis and on this basis a hybrid feed system is proposed.Item Design construction and programing of Single phase step down transformer(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2017) Abdul Rehman, Adeel; Mohsin, AbdullahA is a static device that by electromagnetic induction transmits power from one alternating voltage to other without changing frequency. In this report we present a design of single phase shell type step down transformer. We want to design this transformer in a very simple and efficient manner. Our main purpose is to design a transformer which has more efficiency and limited losses like low excitation current, no load losses and total losses. We also design a software program to show all the electrical parameters necessary for the design of transformer. We designed the program in such a way that the user will gives only the input parameters like transformer ratings, primary voltage, secondary voltage and frequency and in result of this the program will automatically calculates all the parameters which we needed to design a transformer. From this the designer can easily predict the output of transformer by just giving input parameters and easily knows that how efficient is our transformer.Item Design of blind aid system to assist visually impaired people(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2017) Hamayoun Umar khan, Muhammad; Naseem, Ammar; Yousaf, Ahmad; Shoukat, FaisalRecent endurance in technological sector has been making an enhanced way for innovative models within embedded systems. This, combined with innovations for common & healthy people along with the disabled people has opened new ways for the provision of sustainment of living standards simultaneously. In this project, an effort is made to provide assistive technology for visually impaired people. For this purpose a portable obstacle detection system has been developed for the assistance of user. This study is based on various features and performance parameters of the systems that categorize them as, qualitative-quantitative measures. Basic concept is to help a blind person walk through from any place without getting anyone’s help. Ultra-sonic sensors are pragmatically used for getting instantaneous feedback if any hurdle occurs and immediately inform the person with the elegant help of vibrators and sounds via headphones.Item Radio frequency identification based attendance system(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2017) Noman HassanRadio frequency identification system (R.F.I.D) has been applied in many areas such as metro bus projects and theft detecting. RFID is a tracking system which replacing bar-codes. It is used in theft detection in shopping malls. Bar-code scanner is an old method and much help full. Attendance system in our institution and industries are not much good it's a traditional system to take attendance on paper which is time consuming. I am replacing attendance system with RFID based attendance system in which I used RFID technology. I take passive tags,active tags, ARDUNIO UNO and a LCD. It works on 12 v 125 kHz frequency. It is a simple circuit the different thing is how I programmed ARDUINO UNO according to my work. When passive tag come into range of active tag it send data to passive tag and it read the data and send it to ARDUNIO UNO which decodes data and show data on LCD. This system of attendance over-come the problems associated with traditional system and proxy problems.R.F.I.D technology widely used in daily life applications with-out humans knowing it.R.F.I.D based attendance system is latest technology which saved time of teacher and students it also keep an eye on late entries ,early outs and monthly annually record of attendance.Item Biomass power production(University of Management and Technolog, 2016) Muhammad Bilal Javed; Muhammad Basil; Tassaduq Hussain; Muhammad Bilal AkramThis project is based on the waste materials in Pakistanand how we convert these wastes to energy. Pakistanis now a days facing 4,554 megawatts of electricity shortfall. As we know that Pakistanis blessed with lot of resources like wheat, rice, cotton and sugar cane etc. we can use the wastes of these materials to produce electricity by fermentation method. And there is also lots of buffalos and poultry wastes, we can use these wastes and convert into electricity by gasification method. In this project we collect data of wastes materials within Lahore division. We found enough data to inject a project of biogas in feasible place in Lahore division which produce enough electricity in Lahore division to overcome electricity shortfall in division. We can also implement these plants in different areas in Pakistanespecially in villages where we easily found wastes. These types of plants in Pakistanovercome the shortfall of electricity in Pakistan.Item Autonomous robotic cleaner for solar panels(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2017) Muhammad Saad Sohail; Shahroz Malik; Hassan Ali; Muhammad Abdul RehmanSustainable power source is a vitality that is gathered from inexhaustible assets, which are normally recharged on a human timescale, for example, daylight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal warmth. This wellspring of vitality has turned out to be eco-accommodating when contrasted with its partners i.e. coal and atomic vitality. Solar panels are designed to absorb the energy coming from the sun and to convert it into electricity for further use. With the production of solar panels their maintenance and cleaning is a huge task. As the name suggests we are making an “Autonomous Robotic Cleaner for Solar Panels”. We have designed a robotic cleaner which is comparatively cheap and more efficient as compared to its counter parts. Our robotic cleaner is completely autonomous and it operates on the basis of a pre-defined algorithm. The algorithm can be modified by the user according to their requirement. It is portable, durable and user-friendly. It minimizes the human effort. Our autonomous robotic cleaner will follow the forward-backward algorithm for the process of cleaning. This working methodology is less time consuming and more efficient as compared to its counter parts. During our work on this project we came across different innovative ideas which we can implement in the future to make our robot more robust and efficientItem Home automation using android Mobile Bluetooth(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2017) Umer Younas; Muhammad Arslan Ashfaq; Ahsan Tanveer; Sayed Basil ShahHome Automation is an easy way of having control of your home appliances in your own hands, we can control each and every electrical device by application installed in our android phone, Bluetooth range is short but it have a very fast switching. We can turn on lights TVs also we can control the speed of fans with the help of speed controllers.Item Writing robot(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2017) Ahmed Furqan Tehami; Muhammad Aroon Bashir; Muhammad Talha Faisal; Moaz ZahoorWe developed an intelligent writing robot which we use in our daily life which is able to write the alphabets as well as our writing robot also make sketches. We use a standard page size (A4) for the dimension of our robot (size of our Robot). Font is pre decided and according to this font, axis should decide. Now come to input, our proposed input via voice detection system using Google voice search, keyboard input or with camera. But according to our proposal we decided to give our input from computer which has more diversity, more appropriate and more accurate. The benefit of using computer software is that our robot detect the writing which we given to it in computer writing format then this robot get the image save it and convert this image into text form and then write it down. Benefit is that with this we can able to write whatever we can. Contrary to this if we use voice detection or camera we have many limitations we can only able to write some alphabets.Item Biomass power production(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2017) Muhammad Bilal Javed; Muhammad Basil; Tassaduq Hussain; Muhammad Bilal AkramThis project is based on the waste materials in Pakistanand how we convert these wastes to energy. Pakistanis now a days facing 4,554 megawatts of electricity shortfall. As we know that Pakistanis blessed with lot of resources like wheat, rice, cotton and sugar cane etc. we can use the wastes of these materials to produce electricity by fermentation method. And there is also lots of buffalos and poultry wastes, we can use these wastes and convert into electricity by gasification method. In this project we collect data of wastes materials within Lahore division. We found enough data to inject a project of biogas in feasible place in Lahore division which produce enough electricity in Lahore division to overcome electricity shortfall in division. We can also implement these plants in different areas in Pakistanespecially in villages where we easily found wastes. These types of plants in Pakistanovercome the shortfall of electricity in Pakistan.Item PLC based automatic bottle filling system(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2017) Waheed Ullah; Muhammad Khan; Muhammad Mohsin; Sinan AmjadNowadays, the is widely known due to its uses in industrial world. A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a specialized computer used for controlling, operating and processing machinery and manufacturing processes. The PLCs are used in industrial field to control mechanical movement of the machinery or combined machines in order to produce accurate products. PLC's are very flexible, cost effective, space efficient and reduces complexity. In this project, our design is about implementation of automatically filling of liquids of different viscosities into a bottle using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The function of the machine is to fill two different types of fluids based on different viscosities automatically into bottles througha running conveyor belt. The machine is fully controlled by the PLC, which acts as the brain of the system. The process consists of conveyor belt which is normally in stationary condition. The system is switch on by an operator. Empty bottles are placed on conveyor belt, when a container is exactly in front of the sensor 1, the proximity sensor will sense it and the conveyor belt will startmoving. The conveyor belt will continue to move, until the second sensor detects the object in front of it.After detecting the container the conveyor belt will again stop and fill the container with the selected fluid (selected at the beginning by the operator). After that, when the container is filled the pump will stop after the selected time. Then again, the conveyor belt will start moving until it is detected by sensor 3. When reaching sensor 3, the conveyor belt stop. Now, the operator will manually pick up the bottle. In this way, the process completes its one cycle.