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Item Relationship between teacher time management and work stress in higher education(UMT Lahore, 2022-10) IQRA IQBALIt was generally perceived that teachers with good time management skills have high job satisfaction levels. To investigate this, a descriptive study was conducted using a survey research design and a quantitative method to examine the relationship between time management skills and work stress among teachers at higher levels of education. The objectives of the study were to determine the level of work stress among teachers at a higher level of education, explore time management skills among these teachers, and ascertain the relationship between time management skills and work stress. The population of this study was all university teachers, while the target population was the teachers at a selected private sector university in the district of Lahore. The sample size was determined using a simple random sampling technique and consisted of 115 faculty members from the chosen university, including a 0.05 percent chance of error. Data was collected via a structured, self-administered questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings showed that there was a strong relationship between the time management skills of teachers and work stress at the university level. The hypothesis of the study also indicated that there was a relationship between time management skills and demographic characteristics of teachers at a higher level of education, such as gender, age, teaching experience, and residential status.Item Relationship between evaluation feedback of teachers and their commitment in public and private secondary and higher secondary schools of sialkot(UMT Lahore, 2022-09-22) Sofia MaqboolThis research study was conducted to examine the relationship between teacher evaluation feedback and teacher commitment. This was a quantitative study, and a survey method was used for data collection. The population under study was teachers of secondary and higher secondary schools in Sialkot. The sample was selected conveniently because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample of the study was taken from a total of 37 secondary and higher secondary schools in Sialkot, of which 21 schools were public and 16 schools were private. The sample of the study was comprised of 320 respondents, of which 123 were male and 197 were female. Out of 320 respondents, 178 participants were from public schools and 142 participants were from private schools. An instrument (questionnaire) was developed and adapted by the researcher and consisted of two subscales: evaluation feedback and teacher commitment, to collect data. Pilot testing was done to measure the reliability of the questionnaire; the reliability of evaluation feedback was .848 and .780 for teacher commitment. The data analysis was done by using SPSS version 21. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the perspective of teachers about evaluation feedback and teacher commitment. Bivariate correlation was used to analyze the relationship between evaluation feedback and teacher commitment and its factors. The study finds a strong positive relationship between evaluation feedback and teacher commitment.Item Exploring students’ lived experiences related to learning qualitative research in higher education(UMT Lahore, 2022) Fareeha FarooqThis study explores the students' lived experiences while learning a qualitative research course in the classroom. The phenomenological research design is used to explore students' learning experience at the University of Management and Technology, Lahore. Using criterion sampling, 10 participants were selected from the MPhil Department of Social Sciences and Humanities. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The main purpose of this study is to find out the experiences of the students learning qualitative research in Higher Education. The data analysis revealed that learning qualitative research has changed students' belief systems. They believe that individuals cannot be ignored in the research study, and not all the results generated can be generalized to the whole population. The teachers need to learn the different aspects of effective teaching to maintain the quality of education. The study's findings revealed that along with theory, practical knowledge during the course would result in better learning of the course. The data analysis learning is vague, and most students found problems in understanding the reliability and credibility of data. Ethics were discussed throughout the class during the research course, as it is an integral part of the research.Item Perception of teachers about role of formative assessment in achieving educational goals of secondary level students(UMT Lahore, 2022) UZMA SHAFIThe basic aim of research is to identify the thinking of teachers about the role of Formative Assessment. Formative Assessment is a process that supports teaching and learning of students. The literature shows that there is a need for effective use of formative practice for teaching and learning. This study investigated public and private basic school teachers, both male and female. The study refers to a random sampling procedure consisting of 300 teachers, including both male and female teachers from private and public setups. Data were analyzed through SPSS using frequencies, means, and standard deviation, and data were also collected from both public and private schools of Lahore. The results show that school teachers have a positive perception about the role of formative assessment. It was also concluded that dominant practices which teachers usually do with students produce positive results, but on the other hand, some exceptional cases are also there. Some teachers usually don’t take interest in information related to Formative Assessment, and as a result, students can’t learn properly. The results further indicate that there is a statistically positive relationship between teachers’ perception and the formative role. Therefore, it is recommended that short-term courses should be organized at the district level and school teachers should participate in them. It is also recommended that new and easy courses should be introduced for students so that they learn easily before moving towards more difficult ones. Furthermore, workshops, seminars, and other necessary training activities should be organized in the schools so that teachers could be exposed to other formative assessment curricula and application practices, which they can implement in students’ learning and assessments.Item Relationship of work environment with teachers’ job satisfaction among private secondary school teachers of district Lahore(UMT Lahore, 2022) ZUFEEN JAVAID KHANThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of work environment with teachers’ job satisfaction among private secondary school teachers of district Lahore. A quantitative survey design was utilized to investigate the relationship of work environment with teachers’ job satisfaction among private secondary school teachers. The population for this study was the private school teacher who teaches at secondary level in district Lahore. The sample of the study was 300 teachers teaching in secondary private schools of the district Lahore, but because of the Covid-19 restrictions, survey questionnaire was developed on Google Form and the link was shared with the teachers taken as sample in the study. A questionnaire based on five-point Likert scale was used as an instrument for the process of data collection. The questionnaire was comprised of 26 statements. In order to check the validity of the instrument, correlation was found out to highlight the significance level of each and every statement. The validity of the instrument was ensured by taking expert opinions. The researcher received 250 responses, out of which only 226 were included in the final analysis because the rest were incomplete and missed important demographic information. Convenience sampling method was utilized and due to the limited time of the study, the data was collected from the Cantonment tehsil of Lahore only. The analysis of data collected for this study was performed through the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21. Out of total 226 respondents, 80 were males and 146 were females. The results of the study have shown that most of the private school teachers of the district Lahore are satisfied with their jobs as the mean score for items related to Job Satisfaction is (M=3.7). The mean score of the participants related to the Work Environment is (M=3.8), which means that majority of the private secondary school teachers of the district Lahore are satisfied with their Work Environment. The mean score of the male teachers for Job Satisfaction is (M=44.80) and for female teachers is (M=44.0), which shows that males have better perception for the Job Satisfaction. While for the Work Environment, the perception of female teachers (M=42.27) is better as compared to male teachers (M=41.73). There is a positively significant relation between job satisfaction and Work Environment (r = .833, p <0.01), which means a very strong correlation between work environment and job satisfaction. It was concluded that there was strong relationship between the Work Environment and Job Satisfaction. Both of the elements co-exist; without a proper working environment an employee cannot feel satisfied. It is recommended that the private schools should opt for increasing the satisfaction of their teachers. If school management starts asking for the views and perspective of the employees, it can also help in boosting their interest in the job and their schools, and the management needs to be transparent. When it comes to the feedback, all of the criteria should be open and clear to each; it will motivate the teachers.Item Effectiveness of assistive technology for academic achievments of students with hearing impairment(UMT Lahore, 2022) MUHAMMAD SALEEMThe purpose of this study was to see the extent of availability and usability of assistive technologies for students with hearing impairment and its effect on their academic achievements as perceived by the teachers. Quantitative research paradigm was used to get understanding of the teacher’s perspectives about effectiveness of assistive technology for academic achievements of students with hearing impairment. Through in-depth literature review and expert’s guidance, a research instrument was developed with 5-point Likert scale about effectiveness which ranged from not at all effective to highly effective to get answers of research questions. Descriptive statistics (frequency) and inferential (correlation, ANOVA, t-test) statistics had been employed to address research problems. The results generated by data analysis about assistive technologies were that very few assistive technologies (Behind the ear, computer and alerting devices) were available in schools of students with hearing impairment. The results about the perceptions of teachers showed that teachers of students with hearing impairment were satisfied with the effectiveness of assistive technology for academic achievements of students in English/Urdu, Math/Science, social/Islamic studies and in learning attitudes/behaviors in class. Mean comparison on the base of gender about academic achievements of HIC showed significant difference in males and females teacher’s perspective, and on the bases of nature of schools showed difference that private school’s teachers were more satisfied about effectiveness of assistive technology. The professionals who have professional qualification had positive attitude and teachers who had more experience showed more satisfaction towards effectiveness of assistive technologies for academic achievements of students with hearing impairment. There was strong and moderate correlation between availability of different assistive technologies and there was also strong and moderate correlation between variables of different subject matters of academic achievements. Availability of assistive technologies should be ensured in classes for better learning of students with hearing impairment.Item Effectiveness of examination system (BISE) at higher secondary level to prepare students for higher education(UMT Lahore, 2022) PINKY WALTEREducation arranges the substance of political, economic, and social development for any nation. A feasible education system empowers the country to achieve its goal as a nation. Pakistan faced difficulties in education as a developing country since its independence. The secondary level of students faces difficulties regarding effectiveness of BISE Lahore exams system. Purpose of this research is to highlight those critical factors which affect secondary level students for the preparation of higher level under BISE Lahore. This research is quantitative in nature, convenience sampling technique is used and data is gathered through questionnaire from the students of public secondary schools of Lahore which were designed under factors such as lack of communication skills, lack of vocabulary, computer illiteracy, lack of research and critical thinking, need to revise curriculum, career counseling, and lack of learning in the secondary students. SPSS is run for the analysis which revealed that higher education level is expected to produce high quality of professionals in different fields of studies such as economic, social, and most important political life of the country which directly depends upon the quality of secondary education. Present research is based on convenience sampling which lacks in data representation. Future researchers should consider qualitative research with other factors. As per findings, students have no idea about critical thinking and research work in the stage of secondary education which is an alarming point for the exam regulatory bodies because higher education is totally based upon them. Resultantly, students show low confidence at university level and avoid class participation which is a barrier in learning skills.Item Identifying environmental education components in teacher education(UMT Lahore, 2022) Batool IshaqueThe purpose of the study is to explore the curriculum of teacher preparation program from environmental education perspective and identify the content, the pedagogical skills, reflective practice, and the skills to participate within the community. The study used directed content analysis as research design which is a deductive approach to qualitative analysis, and it starts with an existing theory or framework and utilize data to either support or construct upon that framework. The existing framework was developed by intensive study of the curriculums on Environmental Teacher Education Programs by UNESCO, NACTE and EYLAR. Purposive criterion sampling was used to study a very specific criteria which enables to study the content in depth. The B.Ed. 4 years curriculum was analyzed in the study. The analysis of the data revealed that only content knowledge for cognitive development and instructional basic methods were given major importance in the curriculum, while the content related to social emotional and behavioral dimensions were not given due importance. Similarly, the assessment was also for learning outcomes only, while assessment of teaching for reflective practice and community involvement of trainee teachers was totally ignored. It has been concluded that curriculum must cater all aspects of teaching and learning process with special focus on Environmental education, specifically those which bring changes in thoughts, beliefs, lifestyle, critical thinking, creative solution and community involvement. The findings have been discussed from various perspectives and some suggestions which are based on findings have been put forward to make the teaching learning process beneficial for sustainable environment.Item Relationship among occupational stress, time management and academic achievement of graduate students in universities of Lahore.(UMT Lahore, 2022) IRFA AHMER PAULThe study sought to determine the relationship between working students and their academic achievement while attaining higher education. The study employed a quantitative research methodology and a random sampling technique. Questionnaires were used as instruments, called the Occupational Stress Scale (OSS), which had items ranging from 0 to 4, and the Time Management Behavioral Scale (TMBS), which had a Likert-scale ranging from 1 to 5. A total number of 214 participants were involved in this study. The data were analyzed on SPSS (version 21.0). The results showed that working students have a small positive correlation between occupational stress and time management (r = 0.29, p < .001) but did not significantly correlate with academic achievements. The study further showed that students with higher job experience tend to experience less occupational stress (α < 0.05) than students with less job experience. So, students with high job experience managed their time well and had flexible coping strategies with a good outcome. Working students face challenges in managing time, finance, family, work-life balance, work-stress, and academic results. Balancing work and studies has become a mandatory challenge for them as there is a high demand for updated knowledge, skills, and attitude; every individual tries and seeks updated training in higher educational degrees or diploma.Item Teachers’ perception of professional learning communities and learning culture in higher education(UMT Lahore, 2022) Aroosha EjazProfessional learning communities (PLCs) are a group of educators working collaboratively to improve student achievement and expand the pedagogy of the individual as well as the group. The purpose of this study was to explore teachers’ perception of PLCs and learning culture in higher education. The population of this study was teachers working at higher educational institutions. The sample population consisted of 200 teachers who worked in private and public institutions. A total of two survey instruments were used. The link of questionnaire was shared with teachers through an online survey. SPSS was used to analyze the data for this study, which included an independent sample T-test and a one-way ANOVA. According to the findings, teachers benefit from a healthy work environment in a number of ways. There is a relationship between PLC and learning culture in educational institutions, according to research. There is a favorable association between PLC and learning culture, according to the study. Furthermore, findings of the investigation revealed that there is a lack of implementation of PLC and learning culture in higher education institutions. The researchers intended to discover if there were any links between PLC and learning culture.Item Students’ attitude towards mathematics and its effects on their academic self-discipline(UMT Lahore, 2022) Asher JavaidThe purpose of the study was to investigate the students' attitudes towards learning Mathematics and whether these attitudes have a relationship with students' academic self-discipline in private secondary schools of Lahore. The sample (n=659) comprised of both male (n=346) and female (n=313) students of grades 6–10 from eight private missionary schools. The adapted version of Kalder and Lesik (2011) questionnaire was used for the data collection. The findings of this study revealed that overall students have a positive attitude toward learning Mathematics. It must be due to better and more effective teaching pedagogies used by teachers in these schools. This study also discovered that students' attitudes are related to their academic self-discipline. No differences were observed between male and female students in their attitudes towards Mathematics. Bearing in mind the findings of this study, professional development programs are advocated in order to equip Mathematics teachers with a repertoire of teaching strategies that might ultimately develop a more favorable attitude in students towards learning Mathematics.Item Effects of internally displaced persons’ (IDP’S) issues on the academic achievements of federally administrative area (FATA) students in army public schools (APS) a case study(UMT Lahore, 2022) Nadia JafferyThe purpose of the multiple case study is to explore the effect of IDP’s (internally displaced children) challenges on the academic achievement of FATA students. The data is collected from multiple sources i.e. teachers and students, semi-structured interviews, field notes observations, and academic results from the schools. The interviews are conducted in Pashto and translated in English. The findings reveal the socio-cultural, lingual, and cognitive challenges of war-affected children after 9/11 war on terror. The results show turmoil migration, drone attacks, kidnapping, social cohesion, lingual barriers, religious divide, academic decline, cultural shock, and gender disparity as the major issues affecting the academic of these IDPs. The study also reveals the difference of curriculum handling and teachers training in schools to meet the learning needs of children studying in mainstream schools. There is a need for extensive research on the topic of IDPs issues in relation to children rights, before a policy decision can be made in this respect.Item Study of students’ satisfaction and classroom engagement on their learning in science subjects(UMT Lahore, 2022-08-30) BISMAThe current study was developed to assess students’ satisfaction and classroom engagement on their learning in science subjects. It was also aimed to conduct this study specifically by taking into account online education, particularly during the time period of the covid-19 pandemic. Research questions were formulated to understand the relationship between student satisfaction and learning engagement as well as to examine student satisfaction and their learning engagement during online classes among students. A correlational research design was implemented and a snowball sampling technique was used to collect the sample. To measure the study variables, the students’ satisfaction scale by Carnaghan and Webb (2006) and the learning engagement scale by Dye (2019) were used in the current study. The data were analyzed by using Pearson product-moment correlation and a series of t-tests were applied. It was revealed that student satisfaction and learning engagement had a significant positive relationship. Another major finding was that no significant gender as well as institutional differences in involvement during online classes i.e., learning engagement as well as student satisfaction. Another hallmark of the current study was the finding which proved that learning engagement has declined significantly among students during online classes in contrast to on-campus classes. The present study highlights the need to improve the infrastructure, technology usage, accessibility towards networking, and training of both students & teachers is highly required.Item Identification of employability skills of prospective teachers in Punjab(UMT Lahore, 2022-10) AMNA ARIFEmployability is considered as a professional development and growth of any person. It works as boosting tool for graduating prospective teachers. This study identifies the employability skills of prospective teachers of Pakistan in order to make them ready for the labor market or educational school market. Identification of employability is done through the perceptions of employers which clears that which skills are mandatory to make them ready to work or employable. The study adopted a Qualitative method as perceptions of employers are required. This approach offered an in-depth analysis and powerful insight about the perceptions of different employers. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with protocol that most of the questions were open ended. The audience was 12 School principals, Vice principals, head teachers, and administrators of secondary schools Lahore. The result shows less satisfactory level of Pre-service teacher’s level of in-demand employability skills, and so their performance too. Communication skills, transferable skills, and teaching skills were considered most in demand skills, most important skills next to personal skills to enhance the employability of prospective teachers. The school administrators perceived the fresh graduates are not fully equipped with 21st century skills which are not only in demand at national level but at international level too. They further suggested that the cooperation among higher education institutions and the employers could enhance the employability options for the graduates. They equally suggested that while designing the curriculum for prospective teachers, the suggestions of employers should be taken into account.Item Role of digital competence and teachers’ readiness in the professional development of prospective teachers(UMT Lahore, 2022) Zunaira FaisalThis study's major goal was to investigate how teachers' preparation and digital competence relate to future teachers' professional growth. To investigate the link between the importance of digital competence and teachers' preparation in the professional development of aspiring teachers, a quantitative survey design analysis was used. Students from the University of Management and Technology in Lahore's BS Education department made up the study's population. 169 male and female University of Management and Technology students from Lahore made up the sample population. To ensure the population was as accurately represented as possible, a straightforward stratified sampling procedure was used. One poll was developed from a study on campus atmosphere. Using the statistical programme SPSS, the data gathered for this investigation were analysed. The study's findings showed that students firmly think that digital proficiency and teacher preparedness play a part in the professional development of aspiring teachers. The findings of this study also demonstrated that both men and women had different perspectives on the importance of digital literacy and teacher preparedness for future educators. With these findings, it is encouraging to think that more research may be carried out to determine the significance of digital competence and teachers' preparation in the professional development of future teachers. It is suggested that more study be done to determine the beneficial impacts of the role of digital competence and instructors' preparation in the professional development of aspiring.Item The analysis of test items of 9th grade physics in board exam regarding compliance of principles of item construction(UMT Lahore, 2022) Janita SaeedThe main objective of this study was to check the compliance of test items with the rules of test construction for subject Physics of class 9th Gujranwala board. In the first phase, researcher randomly selects past papers of class 9th physics and collect data about compliance analysis. Item analysis rules was used to analyze data (papers) as annual assessment for checking how much we follow these rules for constructing tests. The qualitative research design was used in this. Selected paper year 2016 (group I), 2018(group II) for subject physics of 9th class. The recommendation of the study included that to make sure our assessment system policy follow these rules for constructing the test items, for the effective student learning outcomes. Finally, study found majority of faults that were ignored while constructing an assessment paper.Item Perceived role of peer support theory social media in professional development of early career teachers(UMT Lahore, 2022) Ammara SaeedThe main purpose of this study was to find out perceived role of peer support theory social media in professional development of early career teachers. A quantitative survey design analysis was utilized to examine the connection between roles of peer support theory social media in professional development of early career teachers. The population for this study was early career teachers of private schools in Lahore. The sample population was 152 male and female teachers of private schools in Lahore. Simple stratified sampling method was utilized to make sure the representation of whole population as closely as possible. One questionnaire was adapted from school climate survey. The analysis of data collected for this study was performed through the statistical software SPSS. The results of the study transpired that teachers strongly trust that role of peer support theory social media in professional development of early career teachers. The results of this study also revealed that males and females teachers about role of peer support theory social media in professional development of early career teachers. With these results, it is inspiring to believe that further investigation may be performed to discover whether role of peer support theory social media in professional development of early career teachers. Recommendations are that further research should be carried out to find out the positive effects of role of peer support theory social media in professional development of early career teachers.Item Effect of using E-assessment on students' digital competence and academic performance(UMT Lahore, 2022-08-05) Awaiz Asif2020 spring was a major challenge for education with the outbreak of the pandemic. After staying halted for quite some time, education turned its way towards the online mode of education. The initial stages of the mode shift were a major challenge; however, with time, it was seen that both teachers and students adapted to the new mode. One of the major components of the online mode was making use of E-assessment to test the students' learning and evaluate their performance. In today’s world of the rapid growth of technology, students must be well equipped with the knowledge and skill that is required of them. Being acquainted with adequate digital skills and competence is a primary requirement of students who step into their careers today. Although the use of technology is being incorporated into education, it still is very limited, either to some particular programs like information technology and engineering or a certain level of the course requirement. Students belonging to departments such as social sciences, arts, and humanities lack this aspect. Assessment is a very integral part of the teaching and learning process, with the online mode of education implying the use of E-assessment. This quantitative study focuses on determining the impact of using E-assessment on the digital competence of students and their academic performance. A survey instrument is designed, accumulated from the literature, to collect data from university students at the graduate and undergraduate levels from five universities in Lahore. Collected data is analyzed using descriptive analysis, statistical analysis, t-test, correlation, and ANOVA as required. The results helped depict the relationship between the use of E-assessment and the digital competence of students and the effects of E-assessment on the academic performance of students. The study will help understand how incorporating E-assessment affects the digital competence of students and their academic performance.Item Investigating teacher practices in developing socio-emotional skills at university level(UMT Lahore, 2022) Bisma HassanSocioemotional learning (SEL) is an important aspect of a child’s education. Social-emotional learning comprises social consciousness, self-awareness, self-management capabilities, decision-making skills, and the ability to build relationships, and they play a crucial role in people’s life. All the skills related to these competencies are interconnected and have affective, behavioral, and cognitive aspects. The competency of teachers in the social and emotional domains and their well-being is highly essential in SEL programs as it influences the students. For the children to recognize their potential in a multicultural society, educators must work to promote these young minds' social and emotional competence. The main aim of this quantitative research is to investigate the teaching practices that develop socio-emotional skills in students at university. A survey questionnaire was used for this study, and students of higher education were selected as the population of this study. Some of the findings of this study indicate that to develop social awareness, teachers comment on appropriate behavior by linking the behavior to the course expectations, and to develop relationship skills, teachers plan class activities that demand group work and structure the activities or opportunities for the students to work together. To develop self-awareness, teachers support students as they work through problem-solving in naturally occurring situations. To develop self-management, teachers assess the group members individually, defend their position and groups as a whole, and to develop responsible decision-making, teachers allow them to brainstorm different approaches or solutions to tasks. A teacher’s instructional methods are important for students and the way she leads the class. SEL is being explored around the world with enthusiasm. All these skills, as identified by CASEL, make a student perform better academically, adjust better, and lead to fewer behavioral problems.Item Relationship between formative assessment and educational goals in higher education(UMT Lahore, 2022) SAMINA SHEHZADThis study examines students' perception of formative assessment activities used by students in the classroom. The aim of this study is to explore students' perception of formative assessment in achieving educational goals of students. The methodology used in this study is statistical. It is a quantitative research method by nature. Undergraduate students from both public and private Lahore universities made up the student sample population, and a random sample of 350 undergraduates was drawn. This sample includes 151 males as well as 199 female university students. Both formative assessment as well as achieving educational goals of students were measured using a tool adapted from the research literature. The instrumentation consists of 35 separate parts. The instruments are split into two portions: the first component gathers data on formative assessment, and the second component of the instrument gathers information about students achieving the educational goals. The data was analyzed through SPSS, and the tests include both descriptive and inferential statistics. The tool employs a 5-Point Likert scale with strongly agree and strongly disagree as the extremes. The researcher had asked for demographic data such as university level, gender, subject, and semester. The acquired data was analyzed using T-test, one-way and two-way ANOVA, descriptive statistics, and correlation. Factor analysis was done to reveal the result, and validity and reliability of the instrument were also analyzed. Moreover, results revealed there was no significant difference between university level, genders, subject, and semesters. The results found that the students perceive a lack of formative assessment practice in themselves, and they also perceive a lack of achieving learning goals. The students believe they have not had enough experience with formative assessment across all criteria. In this study, the common solution that can be used to resolve this is that with the use of formative assessment, teachers may better gauge their students' progress throughout the learning process. Rather than having the instructor take center stage, the focus is on the students. To help their students in learning, teachers should be aware of the methods that are and are not effective and be open to trying new approaches to instruction.