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Item Colonial Feudalism to a Hyper-Capitalist Feudal Structure(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Mohsan Abbas KhanItem A SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-POLITICAL APPROACH TO DEAL WITH THE CLIMATE DEGRADATION IN PAKISTAN.(UMT.Lahore, 2023) AYESHA MUSHTAQThis study looks beyond the traditional International relation mainstream topics. Instead of focusing on diplomacy, conflicts and foreign policy and state national interest it focuses on issues the people of the state have to face which prove to be a greater threat to their existence as compared to any conflict. This study focus on the need to bring nontraditional security into limelight. It starts of by investigating and exploring multi-dimensional reasons that explain why Pakistan’s agriculture sector is not thriving and has faced a massive downfall. This study suggest a socio political sustainable way to deal with environmental degradation Pakistan has to face. Nontraditional security paradigm is used as a policy recommendation to achieve sustainability in environmental sector whereas dependency theory is used to explain the degradation. This study later explores issues like food insecurity, forest mafia, energy crises, developmental dilemma and rising security threat by creating a nexus between environment and agriculture sector of Pakistan. The research finishes of by giving policy recommendation which in future can help Pakistan to cope up with severe green emergency.Item Abraham Accords(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Saeed Ur RehmanThe Abraham Accords, a series of normalization agreements between Israel and several Arab states, marked a historic shift in regional geopolitics. While celebrated for fostering diplomatic relations, economic ties, and strategic partnerships, these accords have also intensified the longstanding issue of Palestine, raising concerns about the potential for renewed conflicts in the Middle East.Item Arab-Israeli Cooperation and the Changing Nature of the Regional Security Complex(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Mahnoor NafeesThe signing of Abraham accords has brought about a shift in Middle Eastern politics that few had anticipated. Full normalization between a major regional player and subsequent follow up by other states has significantly changed the geo-political and geo-strategic dynamics of the region in favor of Israel. The security architecture of the region has also started reshaping itself around the shared threats of Iran, its regional proxies and Turkey.Item Volatile Spin of Procedural and Functional Democracy in Pakistan; From Confrontation to Consensus(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Mohsin Ali BaigSince its independence in 1947, Pakistan has struggled to attain functional form of democracy. With the wave of decolonization era, democracy in Pakistan started to gain support among the masses, but repeated military coups proved detrimental in shattering the roots of democracy. During the Cold War era, despite being the US close ally, a country generally regarded as the paragon of democracy, Pakistan was unable to transmute into functional democracy. The reemergence of democracy post Zia demise instigated hopes for a functional democracy but underlying challenges didn’t led the democratic culture to prevail as the underlying political system remained volatile and procedural. The inception of Charter of Democracy (CoD) in 2006, brought consensus among the major political parties but democratic backsliding and failure of democratic framework continued. The paper addresses the essential features of functional democracy, enlisting the conceptual and general overview on it from the context of different regions. This study has attempted to comparatively study and analyze the era of democratic confrontation (1988-99) to consensus on Charter of democracy in 2006, and has used ‘political liberalism’ to identify the underlying internal factors linked to the preeminence of procedural democracy in Pakistan.Item Evaluating The Effectivness of Pakistan’s Protected Areas Initiative (2020-2023)(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Muhammad Hamza FarooqiThis thesis discusses the present state and challenges encountered by protected areas in Pakistan, alongside the implementation, effectiveness and challenges encountered by the Protected Areas Initiative (PAI), which was implemented by the Pakistani government in 2020 as part of the Green Stimulus Program. Government of Pakistan (GoP) launched Protected Areas Initiative (PAI) 2020, which is a top-to-bottom programme to expand and improve protected areas management in the country. The PAI has the following objectives: to upgrade the proportion of reserves to 15 % of the total landmass and 10% of the total marine area by 2023; to build better governance, legitimacy, and sustainability of protected areas through IUCN Green List standards; to generate participation and empowerment of local communities and stakeholders in the conservation and management of protected areas; and to comprise environment-based tourism, livelihood Nevertheless, the PAI faces numerous challenges, for instance, inadequate use of resources and capacity, lack of coordination, as well as community awareness, land tenure issues, obstructing historical interests, and social pressure.Item OVER-TOURISM(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Sher AzamFor the last few years, tourism has witnessed a rapid increase with unprecedented growth globally. The term over tourism comes to prominence as one of the highly discussed problems regarding tourism by mainstream media and different environmental organizations. This thesis aims to discuss the negative impacts of over-tourism on the environment in the Northern areas of Pakistan mainly focused on the regions of Gilgit Baltistan.Item THE ROLE OF FAKE NEWS ON SOCIAL MEDIA IN UNDERMINING PUBLIC TRUST IN DEMOCRACY(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Imran NawazThis study looks at how social media fake news impacts Pakistani individuals' trust in the democratic process. Using a qualitative case study methodology and thematic analysis, data were acquired via semi-structured online interviews with twenty individuals. After doing a data analysis using the NVivo program, six important themes that describe the opinions, encounters, and effects of fake news on social media on democracy in Pakistan were discovered. The study claims that fake news influences Pakistanis' knowledge, beliefs, emotions, and behavior, undermining the public's trust in democracy. Additionally, it has an impact on core democratic values, norms, and institutions, which divides society and creates uncertainty. There are several strategies for coping, including critical thinking, verification procedures, education, and the need for reliable knowledge, guidance, and learning resources. The study offers suggestions for theory, behavior, and policy, expanding the body of knowledge and providing solutions to improve social media's role in a democratic setting. While noting limitations in sample size, data collection, and analysis, the study suggests effective therapies and topics for further research. The study's ultimate goal is to increase the understanding of fake news, promote further research, and prepare Pakistanis to use media critically and ethically for political activity.Item Russia-Ukraine War(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Nizam UllahGlobalization has connected the world so intensively, creating interdependency among the states. Now, almost every event on the global stage has broader implications. The Russia Ukraine war is no exception to it. The political and economic implications of this war are important to ascertain because, in this age of globalization, such events are very much relevant to the field of international relations, global affairs, policymakers, and the day-to day life of a common person. This study seeks to explore the implications the Russia Ukraine war poses for the political and economic dimensions of globalization. This research tends to explain the Russia-Ukraine war and its implication from a Realist lens. The theoretical framework offers a valid argument to examine how states decide the fate of globalization. Through directed content analysis, this paper seeks a deeper understanding of how the political and economic dimensions of globalization are impacted by this war. This study aspires to contribute to the broader discourse on the relations between globalization and contemporary warfareItem CYBER-SECURITY CHALLENGES IN EAST ASIA(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Purwa RoshanCybersecurity has emerged as a critical domain in global politics, posing significant threats to economy, national security and the integrity of states. East Asia, with its geopolitical dynamics featuring China as an emerging power, Japan, and the historically rival Koreas, holds particular importance. This region encompasses technologically advanced states, as well as a globally isolated state that remains wary of cyber warfare threats. As the scope of cyber politics expands, states in East Asia have recalibrated their foreign policies, prioritizing cyber diplomacy as a key component of their strategic approach. This study tends to explore the policy implications mainly focusing on regional and international cooperation in order to initiate confidence-building measures and capacity-building the participating states. This research seeks to explain the cyber threat because of the strategic interconnectedness from the central concept of the al security and international cooperation by using the theory of neo-realism and neo-liberalism. The theoretical framework offers valid arguments to examine how the international cooperative measures and the inclusion of the strategic policies regarding cyber threats strengthen the strategic outreach of the states (China, Japan, South Korea) to maintain their regional political positions and edge over North Korea. Moreover, the research investigates and elaborates the dynamics that drove the cyber politics from level of low politics to high politics and provide an analytical insight over the cyber diplomatic efforts of the states to maintain the global peace and security.Item THE DECLINE OF THE MUSLIM CONFERENCE(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Khawaja Shahab-ud-Din ShahabThe Muslim Conference is the only indigenous political party of Azad Kashmir. The party was destined to address the political and social issues faced by the Muslims of Kashmir. However, the party witnessed internal dissent resulting in the birth of two political parties Muslim and National Conference. All that started from the issue of a separate electorate, ended up in a couple of ideological stances differing in their principal arguments. The study looks into the reasons for the demise of the party. It also critically interrogates the ideological substance of the party and the fluctuations happening to it.Item Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan from 2008- 2023(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Saira IlyasPakistan's political landscape, marked by the intricate interplay between the military and political parties, has been a significant subject of scholarly investigation, especially regarding its implications for democracy. Extensive research and debates by esteemed scholars such as Maya Tudor, Hamza Alavi, David Anthony Low, and Tan Tai Yong have shed light on the military's historical role in Pakistani politics and its far-reaching consequences for democratic aspirations. Recent developments in Pakistan's political climate, including three consecutive terms of elected governments, have introduced new dimensions to this age-old debate. This research aims to comprehensively analyze the evolving dynamics between the military and political parties in Pakistan, with a primary focus on the last 15 years, to gain insights into the impact on democratic governanceItem Economic Cooperation in the Indian Ocean Region(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Usama IftikharIn this thesis, Pakistan's maritime strategy is evaluated, and it is determined if it can advance regional maritime economic cooperation in the Indian Ocean Region. It talks about the issue of whether Pakistan can advance marine economic cooperation in this region via effective utilization of its maritime resources.Item CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: REVISING THE CONCEPTS OF SECURITY, SOVEREIGNTY AND INTERDEPENDENCE(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Raja Zark Ullah KhanClimate change is one of the most inevitable and pressing problems of contemporary times that is changing the traditional perception of conflicts. From uncontrolled emission of greenhouse gases causing trans-border pollution to rising sea level that is increasing the ratio of catastrophic floods, the South Asian region is now declared as, climatically, the most affected region of the world.Item THE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF PAKISTAN’S BLUE ECONOMY(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Rohan Khan BabarBeing a maritime nation, Pakistan's trade and economic sectors would benefit from the promising blue economy. Along with protecting biodiversity like marine life and coastal resources, it also aids in the ongoing development of the country. Yet, Pakistan is facing many difficulties, which are discussed in this study. With regard to the environmental and economic issues Pakistan is facing, maritime sustainability has become a key area of concern.Item The Rise of Aurat March(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Sohail AhmedThe Women March in Pakistan has emerged as a powerful feminist movement, challenging patriarchal norms and supporting for women's rights in the face of acute oppression and discrimination. It mainly emerged from Lahore, the capital of Punjab, in 2018, but now it has spread to many metropolitan cities, such as Islamabad, Karachi, Faisalabad, etc.Item DYNASTIC POLITICS UNDERDEVELOPMENT AND INSURGENCY IN BALOCHISTAN(UMT.Lahore, 2023) INAM UL HAQDynastic politics is a widely practiced phenomenon in democratic countries. There are many negative impacts of this practice such as lower political competition, corruption, rent-seeking, and bad governance. The motive of this paper is to explore the connection between dynastic politics, underdevelopment, and insurgency in the tribal areas of Balochistan. Furthermore, the paper also discloses causes of insurgency and underdevelopment in non-tribal areas of Balochistan, where Baloch ethnicity is in majorityItem A CASE STUDY OF COLONIAL LEGACY AND PRACTISES OF POLICE IN KARACHI(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Sher MuhammadKarachi with over 18.6 million population has been in constant state of political, administrative, and social instability (Dawn, 2021). Living in Karachi has become a nightmare with its high crime rate (crime analysis, 2018). The organisation of police plays a vital role in maintaining peace and security. However, the Police in Karachi is mired in the allegations of ineptness, corruption, and political patronage (Waseem, 2021).Item Feminism; From Male Prospective, A Case Study of the University of Management and Technology by Ajab Gul(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Ajab GulAircraft hydraulic system are the important part that is use to operate control surfaces, landing gear extension and retraction. Some systems use the liquid and some uses the gas for the hydraulic system. The purpose of doing the project of “aircraft landing gear actuation along the door opening and closing mechanism” is to give knowledge and understanding to students about the landing gear operation.Item The Discourse of Student Councils in Pakistan(UMT.Lahore, 2023) MUHAMMAD ABDULLAHStudent politics have greatly shaped Pakistan's history. It played an instrumental part in the struggle for Pakistan's independence. Additionally, it has aided in the growth and advancement of democratic culture in Pakistan. Student Unions, however, were outlawed by General Zia-Ul-Haq’s regime in 1984 on the grounds of inciting violence, a claim that was ultimately upheld by the Supreme Court in 1993. Consequently, Student Councils emerged as a replacement for Student Unions and to fill the corresponding void.