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A comparative analysis of undergraduate esl learners: student and teacher perspectives on total physical response (tpr) and communicative language learning (cll) methods
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) AROOBA NAZ
The study aims to investigate the perceptions of students and teachers related to Total Physical Response (TPR) and Communicative Language Learning (CLL) approaches in teaching English as a Second Language/ Foreign Language at private universities situated in Lahore, Pakistan. Since there are few previous studies of these approaches in this context, the study also tests whether and how they influence language competence, student engagement, and overall learning experiences. This is an important study that helps understand the language learning methods preferred by few students and teachers is necessary to clarify some aspects of ways of teaching English advancement in addition to a continuous search to find approaches more effective. Insights will provide the underpinnings for curricular design, teaching methodologies (e.g. overcrowded classrooms); and resource constraints. The study also looks at using culturally responsive teaching in ESL instruction because of the differing social and cultural backgrounds students come from. TPR excels in vocabulary learning and student motivation by employing physical activities whereas CLL specializes in communicative competence (and fluency) through interactive lesson plan types. Teacher perceptions highlight the challenges to implementing CLL, demonstrating that supportive strategies are important. Through this effort to include those domains, the research seeks a complete picture of how ESL instruction can be better executed. Conclusion: These findings can be used to help tackle the identified challenges and streamline operations for private universities in Lahore.
A comparative study of gender identity construction in item songs of lollywood and bollywood
(2022) Hamza Imam
The illustration of men and women in songs has been under study for the last decade. It is because the songs have the ability to construct and reinforce gender identity when they are exposed to young audiences. It conveys these identities and norms to the adolescents in such a way that they adapt them unconsciously. Past studies have analyzed Lollywood and Bollywood songs separately but did not compare them. The purpose of this study was to find the role of Lollywood and Bollywood, in particular, their item songs, in gender identity construction. Furthermore, the study compared the representations of men and women in the selected item songs of Bollywood and Lollywood which gives insight to the embedded similarities among them. The data analysis involved the thematic analysis of 10 item songs from both the music industries i.e., Lollywood and Bollywood, selected through the purposive sampling technique. The analysis was done according to Braun and Clark's (2013) method of thematic analysis. The results disclosed the several elements of sexist language in the selected item songs that construct gender identity. The major themes which were found in these songs were misogyny, magnification of one-sided love, biasness towards men and women, and stereotypical description of men and women. The findings of this research may help scholars to comprehend different types of sexist element constructing gender; it may provide a guide to lyricists and entertainers to reassess their linguistic choices to eliminate social tussle in terms of gender, and make suggestions to remove this component from the entertainment media.
A comparative thematic analysis of pakistani and indian leaders’ speeches at unga
(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Alveena Fatima
Word clouds have evident interactive and attractive visuals along with their statistical data. Aesthetic data visualization and knowledge discover interlink to generate interactive and dynamic word cloud which consists of fascinating, textual, visual and statistical data. The purpose of this research is to produce an interactive word cloud or Cirrus following statistical data to preview the text of Pakistani and Indian speeches. The Cirrus tool helps in the identification of specific words that show the main themes of both Pakistani and Indian corpora. Secondly, it investigates different and similar themes in both Pakistani and Indian leaders' speeches. Thirdly, it reveals major overarching themes of both Pakistani and Indian themes. A mixed method approach is used to generate word cloud and statistical data which are further analyzed and its analysis is derived from Rakesh Aggrawal's Knowledge Discovery Theory (KDD) which inquires interesting and new knowledge patterns. This thematic word cloud reaffirms not only the pre-existing themes but also uncovers other groundbreaking themes. Ongoing study reveals that all cited key themes can be easily pinned from both ample Speeches of Pakistan and India with the help of Cirrus tool. The results discovered the dominant themes which have been portrayed in the word cloud for the readers and viewers are "global vision, unraveling Kashmir mosaic, climate fluctuation, terrorism, Islamophobia and poverty alleviation" that have been discovered as a preview. The findings of this study may help scholars to analyse different themes without thorough reading and analyze the data within seconds. They can use this for comparison of different themes and identify the concepts without spending more time. In future, one can use it for vocabulary learning, connotation of words, and word selection.
A corpus based research on lexico- semantic borrowing in Pakistani English novel Salt and Saffron by Kamila Shamsie
(UMT.Lahore, 2025) MAHA RIAZ
This study investigates lexico semantic borrowing in Pakistani English novel Salt and Saffron by Kamila Shamsie. The study design is explanatory sequential and descriptive, it employs mixed method approach, combining quantitative frequency analysis and qualitative content analysis, the study examines the lexical borrowing patterns that includes frequency, grammaticalization, collocation, affixation, hybridization of the borrowed words and also how this lexico-semantic borrowing reflect local and cultural concepts. This is a corpus based study, Antconc is used both for quantitative and qualitative analysis. The borrowing theory and language contact theory is used as foundation for this research. As a sample a famous Pakistani English novel Salt and Saffron has been selected which is known for incorporating indigenous words, is analyzed using text analysis software. Focusing on the lexico-semantic borrowing the study aims to understand the influence of Urdu and other languages lexicons, their meanings in Pakistani English literature. The analysis reveals that the author had incorporated 147 Urdu and other languages borrowed words, from which the cultural and traditional words occurred frequently. The discussion emphasizes the lexical borrowing patterns, semantic domains and the role of borrowing in reflecting cultural and local concepts and the authenticity of Pakistani English literature. The findings demonstrate that these words are borrowed to fill lexical gaps and to maintain Pakistani cultural heritage, traditional richness, religious essence, local concepts and for linguistic enrichment. While the study acknowledges limitations in sample size and representativeness, it makes a pathway for future research directions for exploration. Overall, the study contributes to the understanding that lexico semantic borrowing functions as both a linguistic phenomenon and cultural necessity to maintain Pakistani traditions in English literary.
A corpus-based analysis of morpho-syntactic structures in the first 30 words of Surah al-Rahman
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Muhammad Ahsan Raheem
This research looks into the morphology and syntax of Surah Al Rehman using a corpus-based approach. The analysis of the first thirty words within the scope of the study allows the identification of important basic morpho-syntactic components responsible for the linguistic and rhetorical beauty of the Surah. It was determined that Quranic Arabic is rich in inflectional and derivational morphemes which promotes grammar and meaning lean at the same time. Recurrent syntactic constructions serve to increase the rhythm and thematic recurrence of poetry in the Surah. Moreover, the report notes the employment of different types of sentences like simple, compound, and complex sentences, which add coherence to the work. An absolute increase as well as a rise in noun cases with conjunctions gives extra stoutness towards the alignment of the framework of the text. This means that Surah Al Rehman contains a groomed text approach to discourse which heightened the spiritual and rhetorical intensity. The significance of corpus-based linguistic analysis in Quranic Arabic is still inadequately documented, which makes this research important.
A corpus-based study of borrowed words in ice candy man by bapsi sidhwa
(UMT. Lahore, 2025) Elham Arfan
This study examines how lexical borrowing in the book Ice-Candy-Man by Bapsi Sidhwa is accomplished, involving the insertion of terms as they are used in South Asian culture into the English language, while maintaining their original cultural contexts. In postcolonial literature, lexical borrowing is a significant phenomenon that serves as a connecting point between diverse linguistic and cultural realities. With a focus on research into the Urdu, Hindi, and Punjabi languages, which are South Asian languages, the study aims to understand how these languages are incorporated into English phrases without losing their cultural significance. Based on a mixed methods approach, the study has implemented both textual-based analysis and corpus-based analysis, utilizing the KWIC feature in AntConc software to determine the frequency, grammaticalization, and influence of borrowed words in the novel. In the study, culturally relevant borrowed words such as Biryani, paan, Sari, Charpoy, and dost have been identified and classified, examining how these words enhance the authenticity of the narrative and add cultural context to the text. The analysis provides the context in which these borrowed words interact with other words around them and their functions in influencing the culture and social profile of the narration. It also discusses the issue of grammatical accommodation, where words such as Biryani and Masala are pluralized, implying that they become part of the English grammatical system. Through an analysis of how cultural meanings are preserved and transformed through borrowed words, the study presents the ever-changing interaction between language and culture, as well as their representation in postcolonial texts. By collecting such data, this research contributed to a broader understanding of lexical borrowing as a cultural and linguistic feature in globalized literature.
A critical discourse analysis: representation of women in nusrat fateh ali khan’s qawwali “kali kali zulfon”
(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Aiza Nadeem
This study considers the representation of women in the lyrics of the popular qawwali “Kali Kali Zulfon” by Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan. This study analyses lyrics and how they affect gender roles and the representation of women. This qawwali has been selected due to its popularity. The study employs a qualitative approach and Fairclough’s model of Critical Discourse Analysis. Document tool is used for data analysis. Research data is collected in the form of lyrics that show the roles of women in qawwali. The findings show that the qawwali highlights physical appearance as the primary standard for a woman's value and that they support traditional gender roles. Women are portrayed as rapacious beings, materialists, dishonest, and liars who are worthless compared to men. Furthermore, the research paper on the representation of women in NFAK's qawwali Kali Kali Zulfon provides a deep discussion of how women are portrayed in qawwali's lyrics. This study also focuses on gender roles in terms of social norms, which shows that women as inferior and men as superior.
A pragmatic analysis of bapsi sidhwa’s “ice candy man” in accordance with searle’s theory of speech act
(UMT.Lahore, 2022) Areej Nasir Mughal
Language is a communication tool for people. People do not only communicate with language but also perform actions via utterances. The study mainly aims to evaluate the significance of speech acts in Bapsi Sidhwa’s “Ice Candy Man” novel. Specifically, the objectives of this study are to analyze the characters’ utterances from the perspective of speech act theory to explore what kinds of speech acts are used to depict the theme of partition and patriarchy. This study adopted Searle’s (1969) Speech act theory and used a mixed-methods approach that employed both qualitative and quantitative methods. After qualitative and quantitative investigation of the characters’ utterances, the findings showed that four out of the total five kinds of speech acts are used by the characters to depict the theme of partition and patriarchy. They are Representative, Expressive, Commissive, and Directive. Declarative speech acts are not found in the novel. Most of the characters used representative acts to express the theme of partition and patriarchy. Representative acts have the highest frequency of occurrences, with 42 data representing 41.5%. Expressive speech acts with 36 utterances representing 35.6%, Directive speech acts with 19 utterances representing 18.8%, and Commissive speech acts with 4 utterances representing 3.9%. The results of speech acts analysis are presented such that they can improve the knowledge of readers about pragmatics study, especially how to examine a text using Searle's speech act theory.
A semiotic analysis of Instagram advertisements portraying female objectification and uniquity
(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Sophia Amjad
This research aims to portray female objectification and uniquity in Instagram Advertisements, which is based on portraying equality in gender roles and beauty standards. This study proposes that language and visual elements of posts reflect uniquity by promoting dark complexion women, overweight women, and men doing household work as a model in advertisements. A thorough semiotic analysis has been done on the selected advertisements of four different brands. This research work is based on qualitative approach and is descriptive in nature. This study employs Ferdinand de Saussure's sign, signifier, and signified framework presented in 1966 using objectification theory as a tool presented by Barbara Fredrickson and Tomi-Ann Roberts in 1997. Research data is collected by thoroughly reviewing brand walls that show uniqueness in promoting equality in complexions and gender roles. Analysis has been done by applying the theory to the textual as well as visual elements of the posts. The findings show that the selected Instagram advertisements challenge stereotypes related to complexions, beauty standards, and gender roles. The captions and descriptive narratives in these Instagram posts promote uniqueness and inclusivity. This research will be oriented towards raising awareness and changing mindsets for people to accept uniquity and overcome stereotypes.
A sociolinguistic study of language use and identity amongst Punjabi speaking group
(UMT.Lahore, 2022) Ahsan Malook
Abstract Not available
A study of english curriculum for intermediate classes
(UMT.Lahore, 2021) Fareha Harun
The study aimed to find out the students’ perceptions about the effectiveness of English Curriculum and identify the difficulties faced by the students of intermediate classes in Punjab. This research is done using mixed method approach. English language teachers of intermediate reviewed the questionnaire to check the face and content validity. The researcher used 5 point lickert scale in the questionnaire which consisted of 30 statements; and an interview consisted of 4 questions. The data were collected from 150 students and random number of male and female students participated in this study. He researcher also conducted interview sessions from curriculum developers. The findings showed that some areas of the curriculum need to be revised. Most of the participants considered that the course of English language at intermediate level is lengthy. It was suggested that curriculum should have some practical portion or activities related to speaking, listening, critical thinking and cultural related contents. Moreover, learners recommended that assessment questions should cater the thinking skills of students instead of rote learning.
A stylistic analysis of figures of speech in ‘the kite runner’ by khaled hosseini
(UMT.Lahore, 2021) Aleena Kashif
The aim of the study is to investigate figures of speech in Khaled Hosseini’s novel ‘The Kite Runner’. Following research questions will be answered through stylistic analysis of the novel; (a) What figures of speech are used in the novel ‘The Kite Runner’ by Khaled Hosseini? (b) How does the novel "The Kite Runner" employ figures of speech? This study has explored seven types of figures of speech such as simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, imagery, alliteration and onomatopoeia. Leech & Short’s (2007) approach to stylistic analysis is the theoretical frame work of the study. The writer found out that the author used animals, other living beings, inanimate objects, visible and invisible things in those figures of speech to convey human emotion, attitude, and characteristic toward something in a specific circumstance and condition so that the readers would clearly understand the author's intention. The findings revealed that Khaled Hosseini used simile extensively as compared to other figures of speech. In addition to that alliteration is the least common device used in the novel. Future researchers may focus on lexical and grammatical categories of this novel.
A survey of beliefs and vocabulary learning strategies adopted by ESl learners at University of Management and Technology (UMT)
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) MAHEEN MUNEER
This research explores the ESL learner beliefs and the vocabulary learning strategies of the students of the University of Management and Technology (UMT) employing a quantitative research method. A structured survey was used to obtain data on the student's views on the learning of vocabulary and the measures they use. Descriptive analysis of the survey data showed the general tendency and patterns of learner vocabulary acquisition, their preferences of the strategies and the role of their beliefs in strategy selection. The findings of the study are useful in understanding the connection between learners' beliefs and their vocabulary learning strategies and therefore hold suggestions for enhancing learning strategies that would suit ESL learners in UMT.
An analysis of connotative meanings in short stories “nawabdin electrician” and “about a burning girl” by daniyal mueenuddin
(UMT.Lahore, 2021) Maha Amar
This research examines the connotative meanings of selected sentences found in Daniyal Mueenuddin's short stories, "Nawabdin Electrician” and “About a Burning Girl.” Daniyal Mueenuddin is an American-Pakistani writer and his book, "In Other Rooms, Other Wonders" is a collection of his 8 short stories out of which 2 are chosen for this research. The connotation is a type of meaning that depends upon the context, culture, and any kind of association. It does not contain the literal meanings, but the cultural and associational ones. As the connotative meaning of a word has nothing to do with its literal meaning, it is also not obvious for everyone to have the same idea regarding a particular word. The objective of this research is to find connotative meanings and cultural references. For this purpose, a descriptive qualitative research methodology has been implemented. The researcher has read the stories, found out the relevant data, and interpreted them by applying Barthes' Semiotics theory. This theory by Roland Barthes proves that a sign is broken down to explore its hidden meanings. The researcher has found several connotations after interpreting the data that explain a lot about the culture and the language usually used in Pakistan. As the author of both stories has his roots in Pakistan, he has added essence of Pakistani culture and language in his work. Due to this feature of Daniyal Mueenuddin's work, the findings of this research give much idea of Pakistani culture and practices.
An analysis of existential & counterfactual presuppositions in mustansar hussain tarar’s short stories.
(UMT.Lahore, 2021) Tazeen Fatima
This research is about the use and impact of existential and counterfactual presuppositions found from Mustansar Hussain Tarar’s Urdu short stories. The author has found out the most prevailing one out of the two and the triggers and impact of existential in Urdu. There are two fundamental purposes behind this examination; to discover the information investigation and distribute it accordingly in the two kinds of presuppositions existential and counterfactual. Furthermore, it is associated with the partitioning of models found from 5 stories from the two sorts and afterward investigation about which one is prevailing. Yule's hypothesis of presuppositions 1996 has been used for the distinguishing proof of the two kinds of presuppositions in the content. The hypothetical establishment depends on Yule’s theory of presuppositions to label the statements according to the idea of each proposed by him in terms of types and their qualities. Further dissection of the short stories and interpretation has been done as indicated by the social setting. By and large, there are 38 utterances and narrations examined from all stories. Out of these 7 are counterfactual and 31 are existential. Consequently, from the results of the findings it has been declared that Existential Presuppositions are predominant. While this paper has likewise given the potential interpretations and their clarifications in accordance to the context they are uttered or narrated. From the results of this research, it has been found out that existential presuppositions are those that show a function happening or something in the present situation. This research provides a ground for the beginners who want to explore literary text linguistically through the idea of theoretical techniques and the way of data analysis for any research to be done with regards to presuppositions. An analysis of existential & counterfactual presuppositions in mustansar hussain tarar’s short stories.
An analytical study of students and teachers’ perceptions about intermediate english textbooks of punjab board
(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Abdul Razzaq
The study explores that intermediate-level English textbooks recommended by the Punjab Board are perceived differently by both students and teachers. The purpose of the study is to assess how well the textbooks help students to improve their English language skills and to spot any discrepancies between student and instructor viewpoints. The research intends to offer insights into the strengths and shortcomings of the present materials and recommend areas for improvement in textbook production and usage by looking at the content, organization, and relevance of the textbooks. The study’s research questions are concerned with how students and teachers view the English textbooks, whether these perspectives are similar or dissimilar, and how effective the textbooks are at fostering language competency. A closed questionnaire was used to gather information from 231 participants, comprising 122 pupils and 109 instructors. The gathered data was analyzed using statistical methods including independent t-tests and descriptive statistics. Based on the results it can be concluded that the intermediate English textbooks recommended by the Punjab Board have both strengths and weaknesses. In order to improve students learning and help instructors in their instructional practices, the research offers suggestions for improving the content, structure, and teaching strategies related with these textbooks. This study helps to understand how instructors and students view English textbooks, laying the groundwork for future advancements in textbook usage and development. The knowledge acquired from this study can help teachers, textbook writers, and curriculum designers in their attempts to improve students' English language ability.
Analysis of cohesion in “the yellow wallpaper” by charlotte perkins gilman using halliday and hasan model of cohesion
(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Attka Sajjad
This study aims to analyze the grammatical and lexical cohesion present in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's short story, "The Yellow Wallpaper," and investigate how these cohesive elements contribute to the overall quality of the writing. Previous studies have not explored the specific application of Halliday and Hasan's (1976) model of cohesion to this story, leaving aspects of Gilman's writing style unexamined. Therefore, this research seeks to bridge this gap by applying the model to identify and categorize the cohesive devices used in the text. Through a qualitative and descriptive approach, the study will establish the sense of unity and coherence within the story, shedding light on their impact on the overall meaning and reader perception. This study is based on secondary data, focusing specifically on the story "The Yellow Wallpaper." Using Halliday and Hasan's model of cohesion, the researcher analyzes the grammatical and lexical features employed by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the author. These features play essential roles in enhancing cohesion, and skillfully adding interest and depth to her writing.
Analysis of Urdu borrowed words in Mohsin Hamid’s selected novels: influence of Urdu on Author’s writing style.
(UMT . Lahore, 2025) NAILA SALEEM
The research examines how Urdu borrowings impact the literary style of Mohsin Hamid by exploring their linguistic integration and narrative functions as well as their cultural significance. This study adopts corpus analysis to detect Urdu loanwords in Hamid's selected publications while studying frequency, collocation patterns, and contextual roles of borrowed words. Based on Fishman’s Domain Analysis framework (Fishman, 1972), the study classifies borrowings into three categories; kinship, clothing, and food related terminologies. A mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative discourse analysis with quantitative linguistic examination, reveals that these borrowings are not merely stylistic but serve as markers of identity, tradition, and sociopolitical context. The findings reveal that kinship terms have the highest frequency among the shortlisted borrowed words, indicating the centrality of familial relationships in Hamid’s narratives. The results suggest that Hamid purposefully includes Urdu words in his text to establish cultural accuracy along with ensuring accessibility for a global audience. This research contributes to the study of linguistic hybridity in South Asian Anglophone literature, highlighting how Urdu borrowings shape Hamid’s narrative style and cultural representation.
Analyzing linguistic patterns and persuasion techniques in Imran khan's political speeches
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Ghulam Murtaza
This study investigates the linguistic patterns and persuasion techniques employed by Imran Khan in his political speeches, specifically analyzing four key speeches: His speech during the Belt and Road Forum held in Beijing (2019), during 76th Session of United Nations General Assembly (2021), his statement on Pulwama attack and interview with Al Arabiya. Analyzing the text, the study uses Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as a theoretical framework by applying Fairclough’s three-dimensional model. The research interest resides on the rhetoric choices that Khan employs, including the rhetorical appeals, topics and motifs as well as language features in order to build credibility, appeal to emotions and create reasonableness. The study also considers topics that demonstrate how Khan uses inclusive language, personal pronouns, and powerful metaphors to spread his message and recruit followers. Conducting lexical, syntactic, semantic, and discourse analyses on the speeches given by Imran Khan, the study establishes four major discursive themes of economic reforms, anti-corruption drive, nationalism, and unity among the country’s people. The analysis of ethos, pathos, logos, and Kairos as persuasion strategies also underscores Khan’s skills in appealing to and engaging various broad audiences, as well as explaining political topics to them. This research can be viewed as a useful addition to the body of knowledge about political discourse as it presents a rich analysis of the language utilized by a modern political figure. By elucidating the techniques Khan employs to assert his political ideology and leadership, the research offers insights into the dynamics of political communication and its impact on public perception and international diplomacy.
Ananalysis of coherence and cohesion through grecian maxims of relevanceand mannerinessays by pakistani students at undergraduate level
(UMT.Lahore, 2023) TEHREEMFATIMA
This research aims to examine coherence and cohesion in essays written by undergraduate students in Pakistan through Gricean maxims of relevance and manner presented in 1975. Multiple dimensions are assessed such as coherence, cohesion, sentence structure, repetition, logical progression, cohesive devices, and tense consistency. Based upon an examination of data collected from a sample of 25 participants, the findings of this study indicate that the essays, on the whole, exhibit a reasonable degree of coherence and cohesion but with some specific discernible differences. The enhancement of coherence is attributed to effective sentence structure and cohesive devices, whilst hindrances to coherence arise from repetitive parts and inconsistent tense usage. The results demonstrate that the variables "Cohesion" and "Proper sentence structure" exhibit a substantial negative relationship with coherence. It underscores the need to connect ideas effectively and maintain grammatical accuracy to enhance coherence. On the contrary, the absence of enough cohesive devices has a favorable impact on overall coherence. The analysis reveals notable deviations from a null test value for all categories, emphasizing the uniqueness of these characteristics in the writings. The study provides valuable observations regarding the coherence and cohesion of essays written by undergraduate students from Pakistan.

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