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3D printed mimicking robotic drill arm
(UMT Lahore, 2021-08) Hamza Yousaf; Usman Sarwar; Ali Saleem
The purpose of this project is to make a robotic drilling arm whish is controlled by the glove which has flex sensors on it to determine the movement of the arm during drilling process. The movement of fingers are controlled by a microcontroller, and the robotic arm is controlled by actuating servo motors. It is observed that robotic arm can simulate the movement of the human hand which is in the glove, during the test done. This robotic drilling arm can be used not only in automation, but also handling operations in dangerous environment where the humans are not able to operate.
3D printed mimicking robotic hand
(UMT Lahore, 2020-08) Muhammad Adnan Asif; Umair Afzal; Rana Ahmad Saeed
The purpose of this project is to make a robotic hand which is controlled by a glove that has flex sensors to determine the movement of the fingers of the human hand. The movement of the fingers is processed by a microcontroller, and the robotic hand is actuated using servo motors. It is observed that the robotic hand can simulate the movement of the human hand worn in the glove during testing. This robotic hand can be used not only in automation but also for handling operations in dangerous environments where humans are unable to operate.
3d-printed humanoid robotic arm (7-degree of freedom motion)
(UMT Lahore, 2021-08) Moazzan Ashfaq; Owais Nisar; Talha Chaudary
A 3D printable design for a humanoid robotic arm is introduced. The arm is electronically activated and controlled by the user flexing the muscle. The renowned bionic arm has the ability to use it from birth, with or without limb. Although this type of technology exists, it is expensive and generally not available to people in developing countries The aim and objective of this project is to create a 3D printed humanoid robotic arm that will mimic the natural movement of a human arm with 7 degrees of freedom of movement. 5 DOF is the movement of five fingers and uses a flexible sensor to control this movement. The other 2 DOF motion are of Wrist and Elbow to control them are using a gyroscope implanted on the glove. The roots of the system are innovative mechanical designs for 3D printed robotic arms. Modern electronic circuits and actuators bring devices to life and enable sophisticated control schemes. hope this work is valuable work for a diverse audience.
5 DOF pick and place robotic arm
(UMT Lahore, 2022-09) FARHAN YAQOOB; ZAIN SAFDAR; M GHOUS UL SALIKAIN
umanity has long sought to give its creations lifelike traits in an attempt to discover replacements for itself to carry out its commands and function in a hostile environment. The common conception of a robot is one that functions and appears human. The industry is transitioning from its current state of mechanization to one of robotics, increased efficiency, and improved quality. A mechanical controller, also referred to as a mechanical arm, is one type of robot frequently used in the industry. It is a rigid chain of connections that may be open or closed. A mechanical controller, also referred to as a robot arm, is one type of robot frequently used in the industry. It is a movable joint-connected open or closed kinematic chain of rigid connections, consisting of the midsection, upper arm, and lower arm, which have joints at the shoulder and elbow. A wrist joint interacts with an end effector at the end of the arm.
AI-based quality control system for automated product inspection using computer vision
(UMT Lahore, 2025-09-11) Shalan Zia; Maryam Binte Muzaffar
This report presents an AI-based shirt inspection and sorting system, which uses computer vision and automation to enhance quality control in the textile sector. The system identifies common garments’ defects like tears and stains, and sorts the garments appropriately. The system employs a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) which has been trained on two datasets, a defect free shirt dataset and a defect dataset consisting shirts with defects of varying size, color and placement. This training enables the AI to correctly classify garments in real industrial settings. Shirts are placed on hangers and transported with a pulley system. A stationary camera captures the shirt and an AI analyzes the video stream in real-time. The shirt is classified as ‘stain’, ‘tear’, or ‘no defect’. The AI generates a binary signal of ‘1’ for defects and ‘0’ for no defects. This signal is sent to an Arduino microcontroller which controls a stepper motor and position detecting sensors. Depending on the classification, the system sorts the defective shirts into one of two bins. The system achieved a defect classification accuracy of 90% to 97% which significantly reduces the need for manual work, increases the speed of operations, and is consistent with the requirements of smart manufacturing and Industry 4.0.
Analysis and simulation of horizontal axis wind turbine
(UMT Lahore, 2022-08) Aqib Saeed; Musharraf Amin; Hamza Mukhtar
The wind is a consistent and renewable source of energy. This energy can be converted into power by means of a wind turbine. A comparison of parameters between the material PETG with airfoils NACA 0012 and NACA 23012 was carried out after designing and simulating 2-blade and 3-blade HAWTs at slow wind speeds to analyze which material and how many blades, at different angles of attack of 10° and 15°, attain stability faster after the initial push to the wind turbine. It was observed that the wind turbine with the airfoil made of PETG NACA 23012 attains stability earlier compared to the NACA 0012 airfoil. However, the wind turbine with 5 blades attains stability, i.e., experiences less lift force and drag force, compared to the 3-blade horizontal axis wind turbine. The 5-blade wind turbine reaches stability faster than the 3-blade turbine at slow wind speeds. Finally, the angle of attack was analyzed for 10° and 15° for the PETG NACA 23012 5-blade wind turbine, with results showing that an angle of attack of 15° provides better stability conditions than 10°.
Application and potential assessment of self-sustainable anti-smog device
(UMT Lahore, 2021-07) Ali Abdullah; Muhammad Junaid Asif; Malik Waqar Ahmad
Air pollution has become a major issue in various populated cities of the world. The situation is hazardous to human health especially when weather conditions combine making it airborne. This research aims to determine and enhance the potential of novel self-sustainable anti-smog devices to control air quality index (AQI). The device is comprised an air filtration medium. In first phase we determine the pollutants and their relevancy with the economic activity such as industrial area, heavy traffic roads or brick kilns. This results in most prominent pollutant and specific need of filtration media according to site. The research aims are achieved using a three pronged approach. Different air filtration media are analyzed for their affectivity on prominent pollutants. A test bench is utilized to test different filters. The most efficient air filter (combination of filters) is suggested through experimentation.
Automated multistage reverse osmosis machine
(UMT Lahore, 2022-08) Ammar Haider; Abdullah Shebih; Fateh Ali
In recent years, there has been an increase in the threat to groundwater as Pakistan is moving toward water shortage. The demand for clean water is rising exponentially; in order to supply domestic and industrial areas with drinkable water, reverse osmosis (RO) technology is being used. The objective of this paper is to provide clean water with the help of automation. The RO system depends on different types of filters such as AC filters and sediment filters, which are part of the pretreatment process. The RO system is membrane-based, which removes all dissolved solids, heavy metals such as nitrate and arsenic, harmful bacteria, and chemicals like chloride and sodium from feed water, resulting in a permeate stream and a rejected stream. This paper reviews automation implemented in the RO system in such a way that permeate water is stored in a buffer tank, but the water in the buffer tank is recycled through the RO membrane every four hours, ensuring that there is no chance of bacterial reproduction.
Automation of a brush tufting machine using multi axis control system
(UMT Lahore, 2018) HAMZA ARIF; UMER MUNIR; MUHAMMAD AZEEM
Personal computer and motion card controllers are programmed to design a multi axis control system and present the method to control the interface and procedures. In this stepper motors are used with feedback function to achieve closed loop control and to improve accuracy of the system. This system not only has distinctive interface and simple operation but also has high accuracy and superior performance compared to manual methods.
Autonomous robot for object delivery
(UMT Lahore, 2020-08) ZAHID JABBAR; SHAH KAMRAN; SHEHRYAR NAVEED; M. HASEEB USMAN
The Autonomous Robot was designed which did a job as a personal assistant and a helper in places like offices, old age homes and especially hospitals. The objective of this project is to develop an automated robot using the available resources at low manufacturing cost. We use the combined knowledge of machine design, programming and electrical subjects. Each part has been designed using Creo Parametric. The mechanical system of the robot comprised of locomotion, gripping and lifting mechanism. The electrical system of the robot comprised of DC motors, servo motors and some other sensors like gyroscopic sensor and ultrasonic sensors. A single “Raspberry Pi” has been used to control the robot along with two Arduino Uno modules that help in controlling movement of hand and locomotion motors respectively. Raspberry Pi runs OpenCV for object detection for avoiding obstacles in its predefined path. Hand is designed to grip a glass or a smaller object from a predefined position. The rotation of hand is 180° which combined with the robot’s own movement can give a total of 360° of freedom.
Comparative analysis for the performance of diesel engine using blends of biodiesel from neem oil & distilled neem oil
(UMT Lahore, 2025-09-19) Asif Ali; Ali Ashfaq; Muhammad Sohail
This study investigates Neem oil biodiesel as a sustainable alternative to conventional diesel, focusing on Pakistan where Neem (Azadirachta indica) is abundant as a non-edible feedstock. To address the high free fatty acid content of raw Neem oil, a distillation pre-treatment was applied prior to biodiesel production. Blends of raw and distilled Neem biodiesel (B05–B30) were tested in a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine to evaluate performance and emission behavior. Experimental results showed that distilled Neem biodiesel blends outperformed raw biodiesel in both efficiency and emissions. Brake thermal efficiency increased by up to 88.96% for DNB25D75, while brake-specific fuel consumption was reduced by over 40% compared to diesel. Emission analysis revealed notable decreases in carbon monoxide (CO) and sulfur oxides (SO₂), along with a downward trend in nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), contrary to typical biodiesel behavior. These improvements were attributed to the enhanced viscosity, volatility, and combustion quality of distilled Neem biodiesel. Overall, distilled Neem biodiesel demonstrated superior fuel efficiency and lower pollutant emissions, confirming its potential as a technically viable and environmentally preferable alternative to diesel. Its adoption could reduce Pakistan’s dependence on imported petroleum while supporting cleaner energy solutions for agricultural and rural applications.
Design & development of robotic arm with six degree of freedom
(UMT Lahore, 2020-08) Faisal Masih; Osama Shujat; Waqas Younas
Robotic arms with multiple degrees of freedom play a very important role in industrial applications by reducing human effort. Automation provided by these arm manipulators ensures accuracy and allows humans to be replaced in areas that are dangerous for human work. Consequently, robot manipulators have become an active area of research in recent years. This project describes the design, fabrication, control, and kinematics of a six-degree-of-freedom (6 DOF) robotic arm, which will perform pick-and-place tasks for different objects. Six degrees of freedom provide the flexibility required to perform these tasks. A suitable design has been chosen to fabricate the arm, consisting of a base, shoulder, elbow, wrist, and end-effector to execute pick-and-place operations. Manual control is implemented with the help of an Arduino on each joint to actuate the six axes of the arm. The design of the robot manipulator focuses on performing pick-and-place tasks with proper control.
Design & development of zero head horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbine
(UMT Lahore, 2022-08) Usman Ilyas; Usama Shabir; Muhammad Ali
With the exponential increase in energy demand, the forecasted value in 20 years is 260% of the present demand. Meanwhile Pakistan is still facing 5000MW of shortages of electricity. Pakistan has a great potential of renewable energy generation using dams, onshore and offshore wind farms and solar energy etc. Large investments, governmental unwillingness, lack of technological and manufacturing skills are the main hurdles. This research aims to overcome these hurdles by proposing innovative zero head hydrokinetic turbine design that can capture energy with no or little requirement of costly civil work and high skill labor to form turbine shape. This turbine is able to work at relatively flat areas of Sindh and Punjab Province having massive amount of unused water resources. From the perspective of increased usage of alternative energies, the focus has been diverted toward multiple renewable resources including Hydrokinetic turbines. Tig Welding done by using two different materials i.e. aluminum and stainless steel. To efficiently design the turbine, a CAD model has been presented to do the CFD analysis and for the development, a prototype has been constructed based on generated results.
Design & fabrication of a multi-spindle drilling mechanism for brush
(UMT Lahore, 2025-09-08) Muhammad Abdullah; Muhammad Zohaib Shahid; Abdur Rahman
Productivity and efficiency are crucial in today's industries to satisfy the increasing demand for high-volume manufacturing, particularly in the sweep brush industry where brush blocks must have several holes for the insertion of bristles. Conventional single-spindle drilling machines are labor-intensive, sluggish, and frequently produce mistakes in hole depth and spacing, which lowers quality and raises production costs. The goal of this project, "Design & Fabrication of a Multi-Spindle Drilling Mechanism for Brush Manufacturing," is to create a system that can drill numerous holes at once with high precision and a shorter cycle time in order to address these difficulties. To guarantee strength, stability, and performance under load, a comprehensive 3D model of the machine was created using SolidWorks, and structural verification was done using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in ANSYS. When compared to traditional drilling techniques, the prototype's increased efficiency, uniformity, and repeatability were confirmed by testing and fabrication. The devised mechanism enhances alignment precision, energy efficiency, and appropriateness for semi-automated or completely automated manufacturing, while also decreasing human error and reliance on specialized labor. All things considered, this effort offers the brush manufacturing sector a dependable and affordable option, illustrating how specialist equipment may improve mass production while guaranteeing constant product quality.
Design & fabrication of pick & place robotic arm
(UMT Lahore, 2018-06) Muhammad Dawood; Muhammad Saud; Syed Zaid Ibrahim
The aim of our project was to design and fabricate a Robotic Arm for picking and placing objects from one place to another in other words for “Pick and Place Application” which can help people in their daily use and industrial applications. Basically, the design of Robotic arm was inspired from the human arm. We used the combined knowledge of Mechanical, Electrical and computer science. Four servo motors were used in this robotic arm. Each motor served the purpose for the movements of the elbow, shoulder and gripper joints. Each servo motor took the voltage of +5V and 600mA current. Thirteen ball bearings were used for the movement of links in upward, downward, forward and backward motion and for the motion of robotic arm’s base in 180° rotation. An android mobile app “Multiple servo control” was used for the real-time programming and controlling of all the servo motors of this Robotic arm. The app was connected wirelessly through an “HC-05 Bluetooth module”. An Arduino Nano ATmega328 microcontroller was connected to the circuit which was used to program all four servo motors in the android mobile app. Four Buck converters were used for each servos whose main purpose was to convert main AC supply voltage of +12V to DC supply voltage of +12V which then helped in stepping down that +12V DC voltage to +5V DC voltage for each servo. Now-a-days, robots can cause joblessness by substituting human workers but robots also create jobs for engineers, programmers, supervisors or as a robot technician. In the age of industrial revolution the uses of this kind of technology is increasing gradually.
Design & simulation of painting manipulator
(UMT Lahore, 2021-08) Hassan Afzal; Talha Yousaf
The painting applications for industrial robots have increased extensively in the last decades because long term inhalation of paint was a major cause of “Lungs Cancer” in Humans. Robots are known for their accuracy which results in improved precision in repeated tasks. The main objectives of this project are to design a spray paint robotic manipulator to paint the object/sheet in 2 by 2 sq. ft. workspace. Machine vision is used to generate the path followed by the manipulator to perform desired task. The use of robots around the world is growing year by year because global competition in the market requires continuous automation and modernization of production processes, especially in the automotive industry. This paper reviews the basic requirements for developing robotic arms. Strategies require mathematical modeling and simulation, and are briefly explained in this report.
Design and development of a 5 DOF autonomous exoskeleton arm for enhanced rehabilitation of paralyzed patients
(UMT Lahore, 2024-08-13) Muhammad Ammar Arshad; Muhammad Bilal Asad; Ghulam Haider
With an increase in the population of the world and a vast majority of them aging with the passage of time we need improved methods of rehabilitation. Advancements in the field of robotics has caused massive advancements in the field of biomechanical rehabilitation. Exoskeletons can allow for improvements in the field of rehabilitation by not only reducing the strain on the patients but also reduce the strain felt by physiotherapists. ARULE (Adjustable Rehabilitation Upper Limb Exoskeleton) is an exoskeleton designed for the purpose of rehabilitation while having the versatility to provide physiotherapy for all body types. The exoskeleton design is also portable which makes it a viable option for physiotherapy at home. The Design will utilize a Linear actuator for the adjustment of its arms height. The design will be driven by Servo Motors and will provide us 5 DOF. The exoskeleton will also contain batteries inside in case of a lack of power supply or emergencies. The design will also contain proximity sensors for an emergency shutdown in case the motion exceeds the set parameters.
Design and development of a cost-efficient indigenous wearable chair
(UMT Lahore, 2025-09-19) Abdullah Bin Masood; Ahmad Ali Shoaib; Muhammad Saad
This project focuses on the Design and Development of a Cost-Efficient Indigenous Wearable Chair to reduce muscle fatigue. The need for exoskeletons arises due to an increase in muscle strain, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), and reduced activity, especially faced by the majority of assembly line workers, medical sector individuals, etc. These static positions can lead to muscle fatigue, lower back pain, and reduced efficiency. Existing seating solutions are costly, massive, or heavy; there is no cost-efficient exoskeleton readily available in the market. Studies have revealed benefits including improved efficiency, focus, reduced strain on muscles and joints, better posture, and enhanced comfort. The design has straightforward mechanics, with no wiring and little weight, and locks into position to rigidly support the user. It consists of a metal channel under the thigh constructed out of a square tube, which has bearings inside it connected to the mid-link to provide smooth oscillatory motion. The model was built out of stainless steel and analyzed in ANSYS 2015, which showed that the model had a total deformation of 0.101 mm and a maximum Von Mises stress of 58.015 MPa, very low within the yielding stresses of the material. The computational factor of safety was over 3.5, which indicates that the design was structurally reliable, and the protective margin was more than adequate.
Design and development of a passive shoulder support exoskeleton
(UMT Lahore, 2025-09-08) Muhammad Waleed Aziz; Junaid Ahmad; Kornellius Sundhu
The design and development of a passive shoulder support exoskeleton is presented in this Thesis with the goal of minimising muscular strain in manual and industrial work situations during extended overhead duties. The lightweight, entirely mechanical exoskeleton supports the user’s upper limb without limiting their range of motion by using a ratchet pawl system and spring-loaded help. This passive technology is less expensive, uses less energy, and may be used in low-resource environments because it doesn’t require motors or other power sources like active exoskeletons do. CAD software was used to create the design, and fabricate using ABS material through 3D printing. Structural analysis was performed using Ansys Workbench to guarantee mechanical integrity under load. The device’s efficacy was assessed using electromyography (EMG) testing, which revealed a notable approximately 50% decrease in deltoid muscle activity during overhead exercises. With features that could be adjusted for user comfort and height alignment, the prototype demonstrated both functionality and ergonomics. In physically demanding jobs, this passive exoskeleton has a great potential to increase productivity, decrease work-related musculoskeletal diseases (WMSDs), and improve workplace ergonomics.
Design and development of a pico hydro turbine for rural electrification in pakistan
(UMT Lahore, 2020-07) M. Ibrahim Bilal; Faizan Nazir Tahir; Jahanzaib Akram
The paper describes the implementation of Pico-hydro turbine by using the application of manufacturing, assembly, and methodology. The paper describes the use of hydro-power as a renewable energy source, which is a big problem these days. Hydropower is abundant in various forms. Hydro-power can be obtained from a potential hydropower site with adequate water drainage and head. Pico water turbines are preferably used on the course of the river to generate water power. Research shows that the electricity generated by the Pico water turbine is particularly useful for rural villages in the north and hilly areas of Pakistan with around 30 houses with low electricity consumption, e.g., fluorescent lights and television or radio, and is very useful. Pico Hydro can also improve the standard of living of people in poor countries and rural areas where the government is having a hard time setting up the transmission grid lines. Our research work will present that hydropower systems of this size benefit in terms of cost and simplicity from different approaches in the design, planning, and installation than those which are applied to larger hydropower.

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