Department of Clinical Psychology

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https://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/986

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Browsing Department of Clinical Psychology by Subject "Clinical Psychology"

Now showing 1 - 14 of 14
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    Attachment patterns, emotional and behavioral problems and social intelligence in shantytown and mainstream school children
    (University of Management and Technology, 2014) Sabeeka Pervaiz
    The aim of the current research was to identify the Attachment Patterns, Social Intelligence and the Emotional and Behavioral Problems in children of mainstream and shantytown. A total of 408 participants selected through stratified sampling with equal proportion of gender and schools. The age range of the participants ranges from 11-17 years (M=1.31, SD =.456). All the children were given demographic Performa that includes age of the children, their school type, parental education, and the gender. To identify the Attachment patterns Attachment Questionnaire for Children (AQC, Muris, Mesesters, Melick & Zwambag, 2001) was used. Emotional and behavioral problems of children were identified through the School Children's Problems Scale (Saleem & Mahmood, 2011) and the Social Intelligence Scale (Yousaf, Saleem, & Mahmood, 2012) was used to measure the Social Intelligence of the school children. The results of hierarchal regression revealed that attachment patterns, social intelligence and being a child of shantytown were found to be the significant positive predictors to develop the Emotional and the Behavioral Problems .The study was conducted according to the culture of the Pakistan. The shantytown school children have more emotional and behavioral problems as compare to mainstream school children. Results are discussed in terms of demographical variables and the implication of this research will helpful in school counseling.
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    Emotional and behavioral problem and coping strategies in orphan and non-orphan institutionalized adolescents
    (University of Management and Technology, 2014) Shazia Sharif
    This study was aimed to explore relationship between Emotional and Behavioral problems and Coping Strategies in institutionalized orphan and non-orphan adolescents. A cross sectional design (correlational study) was used for this study.The total sample obtained 373 participants with the age range of 12-19 years, the mean age 15.06 (SD =1.59). Coping Strategies Scale was developed obtained, 47 items with 4-point rating scale for Adolescents according to the Pakistani cultural context. The first phase of scale development was to explore the phenomena; and approved from five Professional Clinical Psychologists after the certain procedure for Empirical validation of scale then Pilot Study was carried out. The three factors of Coping Strategies Scale were finalized by using scree plot with high internal consistency. The School Children Problems Scale (SCPS) was another measure for emotional and behavioral problems (Saleem&Mahmood, 2011) and age, gender, number of sibling, class, and school were included in demographic Performa. The results indicated there was almost equal proposition of participants, non-orphan participants are 51% and orphans are 49%, total boys were 49% and girls were 51%. The findings of t-test represented that orphan participants have more emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) and use more Emotion Focused than non-orphan participants. The Multiple regression analysis showed the significant relationship between Emotion Focused Coping and all factors of SCPS. However, Problem Focused Coping has no significant relationship with EBPs and Spirituality has a strong inverse relationship with the EBPs. The Hierarchal Regression Analysis revealed that being orphan, male participants (boys) of 10th class found to be positive predictor of EBPs. Nevertheless, overall gender wise boys are more predictor of EBPs than girls.
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    Job related stressors and mental health of police officers
    (University of Management and Technology, 2014) Ayesha Tariq
    The aim of this study is to determine job stressors and mental health functioning of Police Officers. By reviewing the literature it was determined Police employees are in constant exposure to occupation related stressors due to their job structure and demand and often suffer from traumatic situations and are higher risk of developing mental health problems. Due to job frame work and organizational factors police officers are at high risk for development of mental health problems. Cross-sectional research design was used and 331 male District Police Officers were selected through purposive sampling to investigate the relationship between job related stressors and mental health problems faced by District Police Officers. An indigenous scale, Job Stressors Scale (JSS) was developed by using psychometric properties to examine job related stressors. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ 30) was used to examine mental health of Police officers. Correlation analysis was carried out to find the relationship between JSS and GHQ, t-test, ANOVA was carried out was carried out to investigate difference between job stressors and mental health problems among different age groups, ranks, demographic groups, and experience. Regression analysis was also carried out enhance the possible predictors of job related stressors and mental health problems Police Officers. Findings of research indicate significant positive correlation between JSS and GHQ 30. Results of the study depicted that officers with higher job related stressor have more mental health problems. Results also indicate significant difference between mental health functioning of constables and higher officers.
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    Neurological deficits among HIV/AIDS patients
    (University of Management and Technology, 2014) Farah Majeed
    The aim of the present study is to find out the neurological deficits among HIV and AIDS patients. The objective of this study is to find out the side effects of medication mainly focusing on neurological deficits in HIV/AIDS. The hypothesized of this study was patients of AIDS have more neurological deficits rather than HIV patients. Cross sectional research design was used to test this study. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants and 90 patients were selected among them, 32 patients of HIV (no medications) and 58 patients of AIDS (on medications). Wechsler Memory Scale, Digit Span, Paired Associate Learning Test and Memory for Design test were used as measures in this study. The mean of the age of the participants was 32.83(N=90) with the SD of 8.20. The analysis was carried out by t-test and chi-square and the assessment results revealed that patients of HIV/AIDS have neurological deficits as it was shown in the tests of Logical Memory and PALT that the patients have p< .001*** and on Memory for design patients have p<0.003**. These results supported the hypotheses that the patients of HIV/AIDS have problem mainly in thinking, processing, decision making, etc.
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    Occupational stressors, coping styles and mental health problems in nurses of private and government hospitals
    (University of Management and Technology, 2014) Najda Khawaja
    The current research was conducted on the nurses of government and private hospitals. The aim of the research was to find out the occupational job stressors, coping styles that nurses deploy to overcome the stressors and mental health problems as a result of the job stressors and faulty coping styles among the nurses of government and private hospitals. It was a comparative research and a cross-sectional research design was used to find out the differences in the occupational job stressors, coping styles and mental health problems among nurses of government and private hospitals. The total sample consisted of 300 nurses, 150 from government hospitals and 150 from private hospitals. An indigenous scale was developed to measure the occupational job stressors of the nurses known as the Occupational Stress Scale for Nurses. Cope Scale (Saleem, Irshad, & Mahmood, 2012) was adapted to find the coping styles of the nurses and General Health Questionnaire-12 (Goldberg, 1978) was used to locate the mental health problems of the nurses of government and private hospitals. The results suggested that there is a significant relationship between the job stressors of government and private hospitals, the nurses of private hospital experience more stress as compared to the nurses working in government hospitals. It was also found out that higher the level of occupational job stressors, higher the degree of mental health problems. In summary the results suggest that occupational stressors differ among different sectors. This study will lay a foundation for further researches in the area; it will also shed light on the stressors and mental health problems faced by the nurses.
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    Parenting styles, obsessive compulsive symptoms and interpersonal issues in university students
    (University of Management and Technology, 2014) Unaiza Rizwan
    The recent research is conducted to see the relationship of parenting styles with obsessive compulsive symptoms and interpersonal problems. The purpose of this study was to assess parenting styles and to see the prevalence of obsessive compulsive symptoms in non clinical population of our culture as university students. As university life is full of challenges so it could become a risk factor for developing mental health problems. Obsessive compulsive symptoms have not yet seen in Pakistani culture among students so it will be helpful. The impact of OCS and parenting was also explored that how these factors resulted in interpersonal problems. The hypothesis of this research was that those university students who have dysfunctional parenting would have more obsessive compulsive symptoms and interpersonal problems. It was also hypothesized that those university students who have obsessive compulsive symptoms would have more interpersonal problems. Cross sectional method was used for this research. Three scales were used for this research. Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms Scale (SSOS) and Interpersonal Difficulty Scale (IDS). Co relational method was used to see correlation among variables. It was revealed that dysfunctional parenting has a positive relation with OCS and interpersonal problems. Moreover, OCS also has a positive correlation with interpersonal problems. The utility of this study will be that it will help university students to identify the underlying causes of certain behaviors which they exhibit unknowingly and which even bothers them. This research will help more students to have indigenous data while conducting their own researches so it will set as a background for other researches.
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    Perceived parental disharmony and experience of bullying victimization in adolescents
    (University of Management and Technology, 2014) Siham Amjad
    This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Perceived Parental Disharmony and Experience of Bullying Victimization in school children. The study was carried out in four phases. In first phase, a total of 60 participants (30 boys and 30 girls) were selected for exploring phenomenology of perceived parental disharmony and bullying victimization was explored. In phase II, empirical validation was carried out on 5 experienced clinical psychologists for the cultural relevance of the scales (Perceived Parental Disharmony Scale, PPDS and Bullying Victimization Scale, BVS). In phase III, pilot study was carried out on 20 participants for testing the layout of the two scales. In the main study, a total of 380 participants (49% Boys and 51% girls) selected through multi-stage sampling with the age range of 12 - 18 years (M=14.78, SD=1.33) were given a demographic Performa, PPDS, BVS and School Children Problem Scale (SCPS, Saleem & Mahmood, 2011). Principal Component Factor Analysis revealed a three factor solution for perceived parental disharmony namely lack of understanding, lack of trust and financial issues. It also revealed three factors solution for bullying victimization namely emotional bullying, verbal bullying and physical bullying. The findings showed that there is a significant positive relationship between experience of bullying victimization and perceived parental disharmony.
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    Perceived parental rearing practices and its relationship with cognitive error in adolescence
    (University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2013) Maria Naseem
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    Perceived parenting styles and fears in mainstream and Shanty Town school children
    (University of Management and Technology, 2014) Maheen Saleem
    The present dissertationwas a comparative study carried out on children to examinethe relationship between perceived parenting styles and fears in mainstream and shanty town schools. The overall aim was to find whether there is any significant difference between their fears and also to determine the age, gender and socio-demographic correlates of fears in two different cultures.A correlation research design was used with the sample of 415 children, 210 from mainstream and 205 from shanty town schools with age group of 10 to 15 years.Perceived Parenting Style Scale (Saleem&Mahmood, 2013) was used to measure parenting styles and an indigenous scale,Fear Scale for Children was administered to illicit fears in children.Findings concluded that there is a significant difference between fears of children of both cultures andthat shanty town children reported more fears. It was also found that girls were reported to have more fears than boys and the younger the age group the more fears the children possessed.Moreover perceived controlled parenting was associated significantlywith more fears in children.The overall findings of the study suggest that the prevalence rates and types of fears vary among various cultural groups and parenting has a great impact on development of fears in children.This study would be of good use for psychologists and counselors to spread awareness among the people and specifically the parents about the development of fears in children and factors leading to them. It would also build grounds for further researches on fears and phobias of shanty town culture.
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    Personality types and burnout in university students
    (University of Management and Technology, 2014) Afifa Shahzad
    The aim of the study was to find out the correlation between the Big Five personality types (Paul, Costa & McCrae, 2003) and Burnout experience in University Students of Pakistan. A cross sectional study was used with stratified random sampling technique on the university students studying in BS 4 year's program in both government and private universities. An indigenous scale of Burnout experience was developed for Pakistani University Students along with Neo FFI inventory (Paul, Costa & McCrae, 2003) and General Health Questionnaire GHQ-30 (Goldberg & Williams, 1988) for concurrent validity. Equal sample of 400 students of both male and female students from private and government sector were taken, from which data of 381 students were taken in consideration. The correlation of burnout experience with Emotional Exhaustion Factor was highly found correlated with Neuroticism Facet of Big five personality factors. The need for the proper psychological guiding counsels within the universities are highly needed for the well being of the university students to cope with the difficulties they are facing.
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    Sensation seeking and mental health problems in university students
    (University of Management and Technology, 2014) Feryal Iqbal
    The present paper was intended to find the link between Sensation Seeking and Mental Health Problems. Sensation seeking was the most primary and the prominent determinant of risk taking behavior. It had been a part of growth and Development. The self-regulatory functions among the sensation seeking personality were also being discussed in this study. The manifestation of Sensation Seeking in our culture was the primary aim of this study. The main hypothesis was to explore the correlation between Sensation Seeking and Mental Health Problems in University Students. The secondary hypothesis was aimed to find out that Private sector university students have more sensation seeking behaviors as compared to the Government sector university students. The primary methodology was to explore the phenomenology of sensation seeking among the university adult population (Undergraduate Programs). In study I, the questionnaire wasdeveloped for the students of (BS level), between the ages 19-26, to explore their sensation seeking behaviors; that are prone to seek new experiences and have a greater adaptability towards the change. What were the motives behind these sensation seeking behaviors. Survey was used to discover when and why people were most inclined to take the unnecessary risks? In the findings of the study, there was a weak correlation found between Sensation Seeking and Mental Health Problems because of the limitations and restrictions it set in Pakistan as compared to West. Another reason was the difference in intensity and manifestation of sensation seeking behaviors in our Eastern culture. It was interpreted from this study that the sensation seeking was a universal and a global trait which had sameness in biological characteristic but its manifestation may vary across the culture according to social, familial and behavioral factors.
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    Sleep problems and mental health issues in university students
    (University of Management and Technology, 2014) Humaira Farid
    The current study focused to see the relationship of sleep problems and mental health issues in university students. The purpose of this study was to assess the sleep patterns and problems prevalence in non clinical population of our culture as in university students. As university life is full of challenges so it could become a risk factor for developing mental health problems. Cross sectional research design was used to see the relationship between sleep problems and mental health. Stratified random sample of 366 students (50% boys and 50% girls) was drawn from different universities. The hypothesis of this research was that those university students who have sleep problems would have more mental health issues. It was also hypothesized that the men are more likely to have sleep problems then women. The measures used in the study were General Sleep Disturbance Scale (GSDS), Student Problem Checklist (SPCL) and General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). All the measures were adapted in their same context. Co relational method was used to see correlation among variables. The results revealed that there was positive correlation in sleep problems and mental health problems. The most frequent problem in students was sleep deprivation. Gender, siblings and number of friends also proved significant determinants for sleep problems. The utility of this study will be that it will help university students to identify the underlying causes of certain behaviors which they exhibit unknowingly and which even bothers them. This research will help more students to have indigenous data while conducting their own researches so it will set as a background for other researches.
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    Social intelligence and rule breaking behaviors in adolescent boys
    (University of Management and Technology, 2014) Mahreen Naeem
    The present study aimed to explore the relationship between rules breaking behavior and social intelligence in adolescence boys. After reviewing the literature, it was hypothesized that there is positive relationship between negative factors of the social intelligence and rules breaking behavior and negative relationship between the positive factors of social intelligence and rules breaking behavior. A cross sectional research design was used and correlational method was done to find out the relationship among these variables. Stratified sampling technique was used to collect a sample of 437 boys from government boys’ high schools in Lahore. The age range of the selected participants was from 12-18 years with the mean of 15.12 with SD = 1.30 from the classes of 8th, 9th and 10th. A standardized tool of “Social Intelligence Scale for Adolescence” was used to measure social intelligence and an indigenous scale named as Rules Breaking Behavior Scale in adolescence boys was developed for measuring the rules breaking behavior. Positive relationship was found between the negative factors of social intelligence and rules breaking behavior and negative correlation between the positive factors of social intelligence and rules breaking behavior and findings supported the hypotheses. From the t-test findings, it revealed that late adolescences were found to be more likely to have rules breaking behavior as compared to early ones, but no significant relationship was found in classes of 8th, 9th and 10th by using ANOVA method.
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    A study of knowledge and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS among healthcare providers
    (University of Management and Technology, 2014) Naila Irum
    HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) ills the body's immune system by attacking cells, known as helper T cells or CD4 cells. A damaged immune system is not capable to protect the body against illnesses. HIV leads to disease of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome known as AIDS. Initially the person was experience brief episode of illness if not detected or treated the illness progress an individual remains asymptomatic. After few years undiagnosed and untreated progress and attacks the immune system and individual becomes more prone to infections and particularly opportunistic infections (Greene, 2007). According to UNAIDS, 2012 this epidemic has infected almost seventy five millions individual around the globe and thirty six million people has been expired with this infection. It was estimated that 35.3 million people infected with HIV and they were living globally till 2012. Although the burden of the disease is varied from country to country and region to region but the hard reality is that 0.8 percent of the adults with the age of 15-45 had been infected and Following the origin the virus Africa and particularly sub Saharan Africa observed the most affected area where almost 1 into every 20 adults is carrying the infection of HIV/AIDS and seventy one percent people are facing the epidemic globally (UNAIDS, 2012) HIV is considered as one the sexually transmitted disease as its mode of transmission globally is identified sex , all over the world vaginal sex is considered the main cause of transmission but in USA anal sex is observed the main mode route, blood transfusion , contaminated needles and injection, unsterilized equipment are also identified as mode of transmission. The direction of precious transmission of HIV /AIDS was sexual contact from one side to the other anal and vaginal intercourse during sexual activity if the injured person and the virus from entering the body of another person very easily (Busch & Satten, 1997). Lyles et al. (2000) defines one more method of HIV transmission in injecting drug users is being sexually sex links contained relatively closed set-up, which are characterized by different friends sex, unsafe sex, and exchange of sex against currency. The most important cause of HIV transmission among America is homosexuality and common in MSM (male sex with male), opposite sex, and injecting drug users. Vertical transmission is another mode of transmission into babies through their infected mother who can pass HIV to their babies during pregnancy, delivery of the baby during childbirth and breastfeeding.