2018

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Exploring the technological and pedagogical knowledge (tpk) of university teachers
(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Ali Mujahid Chaudary
Main objective was to understand the impact of gender and level of education on university ’ use of technology and their pedagogical practices. This mix-methods embedded study was conducted to explore the Technological and Pedagogical Knowledge of university teachers (TPK). Population and sample for this study was 430 permanent teachers working at a private urban university in Pakistan. Valid and reliable instrument adapted for this study was TPACK, the TPK part. Data was collected in two steps; in first step from university teachers through e-mails, hand delivered questionnaires and in second step through personal interviews of university teachers. A total of 120 valid responses were analyzed in SPSS to obtain TPK’s impact on the two main variables i.e. gender and level of education. Parametric and non-parametric statistics (descriptive tables and t-test/independent sample) were applied. According to the results, there was no significant relation found between Gender and learning new technologies, a significant relation between Highest level of education of respondents and their use of technology and a significant relation found between the highest level of education of respondents and the Pedagogical Knowledge (PK) area. There is no significant relation found between both gender and highest level of education of respondents on the Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK) area. Qualitative responses were analyzed using color coding and four themes emerged about impact of technology on students’ performance; students’ relations, teachers’ performance and pedagogy. It’s suggested that university teachers’ experiences must be considered while developing and implementing new policies for a better understanding of TPK. Keywords: Technological Pedagogical Knowledge in Pakistan, TPACK, TPK in Pakistan, University teachers in Pakistan.
Leadership styles and change dynamics in public schools of pakistan
(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Sadaf Rabbani
Leadership plays a significant role in managing organizations and one of the key problem areas is managing change. Pakistani public schools are educational organizations which have been subject to top-down change over past several years. The public school teachers are the main actors of this change and “How well they have understood the need for change?” To answer this question a survey is conducted in the secondary schools of Punjab in three districts to know the actual dynamics of change in public schools. The study seeks to know how well our teachers know the importance of educational change and what constraints they observe in the system and leadership styles of principals in managing change. Multistage sampling technique was used to draw the sample of 508 (male and female) teachers. Data was collected through a questionnaire constructed to suit the purpose. The Cronbach Alpha (Coefficient of Reliability) of the questionnaire was 0.906. Research findings reveal that public school teachers are fully aware of the importance of change. In fact, they are ready to assume the responsibility for a second order change. However, the system is not ready to initiate bottom-up change; the leadership role is critical and leadership training is the need of the hour that will gear the system in the desired direction. Keywords: educational leadership. leadership styles. change. systems approach. pakistani public schools.
Parental perceptions about further education for their children with hearing impairment
(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Ghazala Ishrat
This research aimed to explore the perception of the parents of children with hearing impairment for further education for their children. Further Education covers education and training which occurs after secondary level education. There are many institutes which are providing further education for young school leavers. Further education is also known as adult education, training or continuing education in different countries (Education, n.d.). Further education may be at any level from basic skills training to higher vocational education. So researcher takes this term as higher education and vocational training. There are limited opportunities for the students with hearing impairment after completing their secondary education and they have to face many problems like unemployment and underemployment in the initial years of their professional career. Parents don‟t have exact idea about the expertise and market demands for the persons with hearing impairment. That's why it is very important to about their perception regarding future concerns of their children. In this quantitative research, the descriptive methodology was used in designing a self-made questionnaire to assess the parent‟s perception. Population for this research was the parents of the deaf students. Convenient sampling was used to collect the data from the parents of intermediate class students who were about to decide the future field of their children. Data were collected from 324 parents from colleges of all over Punjab and then analyzed by using descriptive as well inferential analysis. Response of a majority of the parents was positive towards Vocational Training of their children for the better social and economic adjustments. This research highlighted a new direction for arranging and starting vocational and skill-oriented programs for hearing impaired students and such initiatives will encourage them to live an independent life in a developing country like Pakistan. Keywords: Further Underemployment,education, career education, Unemployment,
Perception of prospective special education teacher about inclusive education in lahore city
(UMT.Lahore, 2017) NAILA AMEER
The trend of inclusive education in the current era is important in Pakistan. The research study explores of prospective special education teachers about inclusive education in Lahore city. The research conducted currently was aimed to find the perception of prospective special education teachers about inclusive education. This study was conducted to measure the perception of prospective special education teachers towards inclusive education. It was conducted to achieve the following objectives: 1) to identify perceptions of prospective special education teachers relative to inclusive education in Lahore city; 2) to study the availability of infrastructure for inclusive education setup; 3) to find out the relationship between teachers ‘competence or academic skills for inclusive education; 4) to find out the level of knowledge on adaptation among prospective special education teachers for inclusion. An intensive review of related literature covered the topics such as inclusive education in Pakistan, definition of inclusive education, concept of inclusive education, Aims of inclusive education, positive academic curriculum, school culture, curriculum development, inclusive education goals, importance of inclusion, benefits of inclusive education, some keys to the success of inclusion, roles of teachers in inclusive school, inclusive education research, teachers teamwork in inclusive classrooms. A five point Likert Scale instrument was developed for the study. A panel of experts examined the content validity of instrument. Analysis of the data showed reliability of the instrument was .742. Instrument was piloted and improved then it was administrated for data collection. The population of the study comprised all the prospective special education teachers studying in universities of Lahore city. A sample of the 150 respondents was selected conveniently. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the responses of the sample .SPSS 21 version used to find out the perception of the respondents. Different comparisons were made during the analysis of data on following basis age, experience`, professional qualification, gender, area of specialization, class taught, Universities. Findings of the research showed that objectives and research questions of the study have been achieved. It was concluded that prospective special teachers had a positive perception on the statements of the components “Academic skills, Teachers competencies and learning environment, Acceptance, Academic Achievement, Collaboration, and Educational Adaptation. It was also concluded that prospective special education teachers had negative perception on the statements of the component “Infrastructure, Fear. The researcher suggested the taught inclusive education as a compulsory subject, workshops and seminars conduct and aware the public about inclusive education and their benefits.
Rehabilitation services for children with physical disabilities in punjab: Issues and challenges
(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Amara Khurshid
This quantitative study proposed to discover the issues and challenges of rehabilitation services for children with physical disabilities (PD) in Punjab, Pakistan. Rehabilitation services and facilities for children with congenital and acquired physical conditions should be meeting with fulfillment of needs of the effected child and his family. These services include all well organized and accessible assessment and intervention both for child and his family also. The purpose of the study was to explore the Issues and challenges related to rehabilitation services for children with physical disabilities in Punjab. Moreover, the study consist a thorough description of rehabilitation services with different aspects. The study descriptive in nature and survey research design was used to collect the data. Data was collected through close ended questionnaire from teachers of children with physical disabilities, medical officer of Govt. Hospitals and parents of physical disabled children. Total 300 participants participate in research. Analysis was done by using SPSS. Findings were drawn on the basis of results and interpretations. On the basis of results major issues and challenges that found was lack of awareness about the rehabilitation services, unavailability of relevant services, inaccessibility toward relevant services, and unaffordability by the side of parents of effected children. Recommendations and suggestions regarding future implications of study were described. Key Words: Physical Disabilities, Rehabilitation services, Issues, Challenges
The use of blended learning for in service teacher training of tvet teacher in far flung areas of baluchistan, kpk and gilgit baltistan In pakistan
(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Waseema Irshad
A blended learning is a mixture of face to face and online learning. Technical vocational educations and training (TVET) improves the teaching and learning style, so TVET organized the in service teacher training for improvement of the teacher knowledge, skill and pedagogical activities. The study was conducted to find out the use and effectiveness of blended learning for in service teacher training of TVET teachers in remote and far flung areas of Baluchistan, KPK and Gilgit Baltistan in Pakistan The objectives of the study were as; To find out the teachers’ perceptions about the effectiveness of in-service teacher training through blended learning. To find out principals perceptions about the effectiveness of in-service teacher training through blended learning. To find out the students perceptions about the effectiveness of in-service teacher training through blended learning The study was descriptive in nature and quantitative research design was used in the study. Population comprised of teachers, students and principals of T VET, (N=84) technical and vocational institutions, of Baluchistan, KPK and Gilgit Baltistan. Two institutes in Gilgit Baltistan, 60 institutes in KPK and 26 institutes in Baluchistan.. Teachers (N=1212), principals (N=22) and students ( N=338) were the sample of the study. Census sampling technique was employed to select the sample. Three questionnaires were used to collect the data from the desired sample. Data was analyzed through Regression test applied for assessing the relationship among different variables. ANOVA test applied for checking the significant difference among the perceptions of teachers’, students and principals based on the provinces. Correlations test applied for checking the relationship among the variable. Results revealed that there is a significant positive moderate relationship exists among the variables. There is no significant effect of province on student’s beliefs towards Command on subject, Teaching behaviour, Teaching Strategies and Usage of Media factor for IST teacher evaluations by students. The results indicated that there are positive correlation between IT Based Learning and Peer Learning, IT Based Learning and course content, Applicability Back Home and course content of IST teacher evaluations by teachers. Results indicate that there is no significant effect of province on principal’s beliefs towards usage of media, difference in teaching, quality of IST course of IST teacher evaluations by principals. Findings of the study would contribute effectively in the improvement of TVET sector. TVET teachers may gain innovative teaching techniques by attending the in-service teacher training through blended learning. The blended learning approaches would improve and bring positive changes in teaching and learning process. It would enhance the teachers capabilities and help them to become an expert in the field of technical and vocational education. Key Words: Technical Vocational Education and Training, In-service Teacher, Blended Learning.
Effectiveness of computer training programs for persons with hearing impairment in lahore
(UMT.Lahore, 2017) KHURRAM KHALIQ
This research aimed to explore the effectiveness of computer courses offered in different vocational institutes as perceived by the persons with hearing impairment (PWHIs). In this study research paradigm is quantitative and type of research is descriptive in its nature. Population of the research is hearing impaired persons who have acquired computer training. Convenient sampling technique was used in the study to collect data from 180 PWHIs who got computer training from 04 institutions of Lahore city including the University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Deaf Reach, Lahore, Social Welfare Nasheman Township, Lahore, and Deaf Welfare Awareness Foundation, Lahore. The survey method technique was used where data collected through questionnaire tool. SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences) software was used in this study to analyze the data using frequency distribution of demographic information and respondents statements. Finding of the study shows that most of the participants were satisfied from what they learned in training course do not face much problems during course. Also the respondents understand all the concepts easily, and think that these skills will be helpful during the job. Findings of the instruction related items shows that most of the teachers used sign language during training and given appropriate time to practice in the presence of teachers. The study recommended that content of computer training courses should enhance skills like graphic designing, SEO, Digital Marketing, Sketching, Quick Book, WordPress to earn from Freelancing.
Barriers faced by teachers while teaching learners with hearing impairment in special schools of lahore
(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Muhammad Rafique
Being a human it is the fundamental right of an individual that he/ she can get their basic rights in quality manners of life like health, education, liberty, freedom of expression, self-respect and full inclusion in a society where an individual lives. Behind this context there are so many laws and convention which provides them their fundamental rights for living. People with disabilities have also the right to live a quality of life and get their basic rights in a society. Children with Hearing Impairment have also the right to get quality of education in their society. The study was conduct to explore those barriers which were being faced by the Teacher when they were teaching Learners with Hearing Impairment during the Class. The current study “Barrier faced by the Teachers while Teaching Learners with Hearing Impairment in Special Schools of Lahore District” carried some of barriers like Barrier to communication, barrier to curriculum adaptation, barriers to instructional adaptation, barrier to inflexible assessment, barrier to engagement of students. To conduct the current study Teachers of Learners with Hearing Impairment of Lahore District were being selected as sample of the study. A questionnaire was distributed among the Teachers of Learners with Hearing Impairment of Special Schools of Lahore District. The objective of the study is to explore those barriers which are becoming barriers for the Teachers of Learners with Hearing Impairment. To conclude the result of the study Chi Square Test was used and Frequencies were interpreted on the basis of result tables. Keywords: Communication, Curriculum, Instructions, Assessment, Engagement
Relationship between job autonomy and job stress among public secondary school principals
(UMT.Lahore, 2017) MUHAMMAD AZHAR HASEEB
School education is the foundation of the education system of any country. School Principals play a dynamic role in teaching learning process. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between job autonomy and job stress among public secondary school principals of Toba Tek Singh. The study was driven by using survey research design. Two scales were adopted to measure job autonomy and job stress respectively. The study comprised of the sample of 145 public secondary school principals, working in district Toba Tek Singh, Punjab, Pakistan. The research questions were addressed by conducting descriptive as well as inferential analysis of data. The findings of the study established a positive and moderate relationship between job autonomy and job stress among secondary school principals. It was found that secondary school principals perceived themselves more autonomous in method autonomy and scheduling autonomy while less autonomous in criteria autonomy. No significant difference in job autonomy and job stress of secondary school principals was found on the basis of gender, academic qualification, professional qualification, and professional experience. However, the results exhibited that school principals suffered from greater stress because of low self-esteem. In the light of the results of the current study, it is suggested that school principals should be provided middle-level job autonomy to mitigate their job stress. Keywords: Job Autonomy, Job Stress, School Principals, Secondary Schools
Problems faced by regular school teachers in implementing Punjab inclusive education project
(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Nadia Samad
The topic of the research was ―Problems faced by regular school teachers in implementing Punjab inclusive education project. The research was descriptive in nature. The purpose of this study was to identify probable problems faced by general education teachers in implementing inclusive education and to see the effect of demographic on the perception of regular school teachers about the problems faced in implementing special education. On the basis of hypothetical framework which is comprised of variables i.e. inclusive environment (management support, parents involvement, monitoring mechanism), professional education (inclusive education, curriculum and educational planning, collaboration), environment accessibility (premises and infrastructure accessibility, and provision of assistive devices) and adaptation (environnemental adaptation, curriculum adaptation, educational adaptation and assessment adaptation). The instrument was five level rating scale (very low, low, moderate, high and very high), developed to collect the data. The respondents responded against the scale. The scale was validated from three experts in the field of Special education for content and construct validity. Pilot study showed the Cronbach‘s Alpha value of the instrument 0.95 which means that the instrument was reliable. The regular school teachers in Bahawalpur district who had received training of inclusive education under Punjab Inclusive Education Project were taken as a population of the study. For sampling 225 teachers were selected through convenient sampling. After data collection the responses were tabulated and analyzed with the help of SPSS. The result concluded that the major problems identified in teachers‘ perception were environment accessibility, lack of professional education, poor inclusive environment and lastly adaptation. The researchindicates that young regular school teachers and less experience teachers had better perceptions about the problems faced in implementing inclusive education. The teachers with high qualification had low perception about the problems faced in implementing inclusive education. It is a dire need to make building and infrastructure approachable to students with special needs which could be based on universal design of learning (UDL). Workshops to trained regular teachers should be conducted for implementation of inclusive education effectively and efficiently on frequent basis to share knowledge and skills and the school curriculum should incorporate the concept of inclusion.
Effect of music therapy on the emotional problems of children with cerebral palsy
(UMT.Lahore, 2018) BUSHRA MUKHTAR
Music therapy is one of many therapies that have been introduced to deal with children having different issues. Music therapy has been executed in treatment programs for children who have suffered from strokes, intellectual, behavioral, emotional and different issues. This study was investigated to highlight the role of music therapy in improving the emotional problems of children with cerebral palsy. The Research method was descriptive because the type of research was quantitative in nature. A sample of 126 children with cerebral palsy was purposively selected from 40 public and private special education Centre/institutes. The Instrument for the study was a self-developed questionnaire with three-point rating scale which was faced validated as well as trial tested to determine its reliability. Data generated from the respondents were analyzed using Mean, Standard deviation and independent t-test, and ANOVA statistics. The results showed that music therapy had significant effects on the emotional problems of children with cerebral palsy. It showed that they experienced many emotions ranging from happiness to shyness to excitement. It also helped them communicate more and helped compensate for their lack of ability in some areas. Keywords: Music therapy, emotional problems, children, cerebral palsy
Relationship between use of social media, student engagement and academic performance at higher education institutions
(UMT.Lahore, 2018) Tuba Inam
Social media is a popular communication tool for college students in many countries. Even though the literature indicates that the use of social media in a higher learning environment is likely to enhance academic performance of university students, the mechanism that explains such association is yet to be explored. Based on the claims that the integration of social media use is purposeful to enhance student engagement, this study aimed to investigate the role of social media use was an independent variable in this study. Student engagement and academic performance were dependent variable in this study. A total number of 320 university students in three public and three private universities in Lahore were randomly chosen to participate in this study.A descriptive research design was used to examine the role social media in student’s engagement and academic performance. A survey research design was used to attain target of the study. Simple random sampling was used for data collection. Questionnaire was used as the main data collection technique, which was personally administered. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package Social Sciences (SPSS 21). The result suggests that social media has the potential to be used in a learning environment as it promotes cognitive engagement of students out of the class and subsequently their academic performance and success. This study will help higher learning institutions and educators think of ways to integrate the use of social media in learning activities to help students achieve better academic performance. As shown by the findings, such use can encourage students to be cognitively engagement in class in which the students can be more active learners. The present study adds to the literature in social media use by addressing the issue of how it helps enhance academic performance of college students in a single model. Past studies tended to examine the role of social media and student engagement and the effect of student engagement on academic performance separately. Furthermore, this study took into consideration various types of social media used by college students who tend to have multiple accounts. Key words: Social media (SM), student’s engagement (SE), academic performance (AP), Higher education institutions
Challenges faced by the parents of children with physical disability in schooling
(UMT.Lahore, 2018) SAMERA KHOKHAR
Physical disabilities are some of the most devastating challenges for a family to deal with. It may change visions of the future and add fear and apprehension in caring for and educating a child. Thus the researcher conducted this study to explore the challenges faced by the parents of children with physical disability in schooling. The research was descriptive in nature so that quantitative research method was used. Parents of children with physical disability were the population of the study. A sample of 274 parents of children with the physical disability was purposively selected from four districts of Lahore Division. The instrument for the study was a self-developed questionnaire which validated from four experts of special education as well as pilot tested to determine its reliability. Data generated from the respondents were analyzed using Mean, Standard deviation, Correlation, Independent sample t-test, and ANOVA. Results of data showed that majority of parents of children with physical disability are facing following difficulties such as unawareness, poverty, access and accessibility, child health, attitude, academics, and child abuse during their schooling. Keywords: Challenges, Parents, Children with Physical Disability, School level
Effect of instructional supervision on teacher motivation in private secondary schools of lahore, pakistan
(UMT.Lahore, 2018) Shahida Nasreen
The study examined the effect of instructional supervisory practices of the supervisors on teacher motivation in private secondary schools of Lahore, Pakistan. The study used quantitative survey methodology. The population of the study comprised of all private secondary school teachers in Lahore, Pakistan. Through stratified random sampling, 24 schools from three different school types were selected. A questionnaire comprising of two scales, Instructional Supervisory Practices Scale (ISPS) originally designed by Peter Baffour- Awuah (2011) and The Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale (WEIMS) developed by Deci and Ryan (2000), was administered to 530 sampled teachers. The level of participants’ perceptions regarding instructional supervisory practices as well as teacher motivation was analyzed by using frequencies and percentages of their responses. Inferential Statistics (t-test, One-way ANOVA and Tukey Test) was applied to analyze the statistically significant differences (if any) in teachers’ perceptions regarding instructional supervisory practices and teacher motivation grouped on the basis of gender, age, academic qualification, and professional experience. Multiple Regression Analysis was used to examine the relationship between instructional supervisory practices and teacher motivation. The results of the study indicated that all the instructional supervisory practices were frequently practiced by the supervisors at private secondary schools of Lahore. The teachers in these schools were more intrinsically motivated. Differences in teachers’ perceptions regarding instructional supervisory practices with reference to their gender and professional experience were found to be statistically significant. However, no differences were observed when compared on the basis of age and academic qualification. A significant positive relationship was found between instructional supervision and teacher motivation. It was concluded that instructional supervision significantly contributes toward teacher motivation. Keywords: Instructional Supervision, Teacher Motivation, Private Secondary Schools
Educational institutions as learning organizations
(UMT.Lahore, 2018) Misbah Zafar
Learning organizations maintain continuous promotion, employee development, learning and development opportunities, and are seen as learning investments designed to improve organizational success and ability. The purpose of this study was to analyze the views of secondary school teachers on the main role of learning organizations in different variables.Major objectives of the study are as follows: To explore the perceptions of teachers about role of principal in developing educational institutions as learning organization. To explore the perception of teachers about their institute as learning organization on the basis of demographic variables (gender, age, qualification, degree, experience ).To find out Principals’ perception about their institution to develop their institute as learning organization. The sample of the study would be the 312 teachers from public and private secondary schools Lahore. To this end, DLOQ is based on three factors and consists of 21 items. ANOVA, and descriptive were used to find the mean, S.D. The survey results show that teachers are satisfied with the principal and its effectiveness. Further work on educational institutions as a learning organization is needed. Learning organizations must facilitate their employees. Keywords: educational institutions, learning organizations, perceptions
Comparative study of blended learning for in service teachers training of punjab and sindh
(UMT.Lahore, 2018) Sumaira Latif
“A blended learning addresses the issue of quality of teaching and learning” to (Garrison and Vaughan 2008), blended learning is mixture of face to face and online learning. TVET improve the teaching and learning style, so TVET organized the in service teacher training for improve the teacher knowledge, skill and pedagogical activities. This study explore the use of blended learning in service teacher training of TVET teachers in Punjab & Sindh. The objectives of the study were as; 1.To compare the in-service TVET teachers’ perceptions about the effectiveness of in-service teacher training through blended learning in Sindh and Punjab. 2.To compare the principals’ of TVET institutions' perceptions about the effectiveness of in-service teacher training through blended learning in Sindh and Punjab. 3.To compare the TVET students’ perceptions about the effectiveness of in-service teacher training through blended learning in Sindh and Punjab.Three questionnaires were used to collect the data. IST teacher evaluations questionnaire by TVET teacher were filled by those teacher who has attend the in service teacher training. TVET principals, IST teacher evaluations questionnaire by TVET students was filled by TVET students, filled IST teacher evaluations questionnaire by TVET principals. The population comprised of 960 teachers, 51 principles and 2360 students of TVET colleges of Sindh and Punjab.Regression test applied for assessing the relationship among different variables. ANOVA test applied for checking the significant difference among the perceptions of teachers’, students and principals based on the province. Correlations test applied for checking the relationship among the variable.The result indicate found that there is significant mean difference based on gender between Punjab and Sindh students. The result found that the students of Sindh are more experienced about fourth factor use of media. Principals of Punjab have more understanding rather than the principals of Sindh about second factor difference in teaching. The result show that positive relation is found between IT Based Learning and Applicability Back Home. A positive relation is found between Organization of Training Course and Applicability Back Home. Applicability Back Home and course content of IST teacher evaluations by teacher the result indicate that there is no significant effect of province on principal’s beliefs towards usage of media, difference in teaching, quality of IST course of IST teacher evaluations by principals.
Role of education to overcome the barriers for women to become entrepreneurs
(UMT.Lahore, 2018) Nayab Saba
An entrepreneur is individual who has visions about the world with a different perspective to creating something new. Education plays an important role in influencing the barriers that are faced by women to become entrepreneurs. There is a cultural belief in Pakistan that women are dependent their husbands, parents, or relatives/ social circle who are leading the businesses. Women’s intentions and development of their ideas are not guided properly due to the lack of entrepreneurship education and training during their study time period. The research questions were addressed by conducting quantitative method, random sampling and cluster sampling techniques. Data was collected through survey research design and statistical analysis was conducted through SPSS version 21.0. Instrument was based on the factors of women’s intentions, barriers and education in the course of becoming entrepreneurs. Public and private universities from Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan were selected as population of the research study. The study comprised five hundred female students as the sample from engineering, natural sciences, social sciences, and business departments of both sectors. The results of study were to analyze the relationship between women’s intentions, barriers and role of education to overcome these barriers to become entrepreneurs. This study was limited by female students and area of Lahore. Key words: entrepreneurial intentions, role of education, women barriers
The relationship between professional development and implementation of instructional strategies of teachers, and their connection with students’ learning outcome
(UMT.Lahore, 2018) NASREEN FARAH MALIK
This research was planned to study the connection between school Teacher’s Professional Development and effective application of newly acquired instructional strategies. The research was carried out to verify the fundamental hypothesis that there is a relationship between the professional developments and instructional strategies of teachers with students’ academic achievement, and that this relationship is positive as well as significant. Teachers’ professional development can have a profound correlation to bring a productive change in the teaching learning process. Few teachers can perceive professional development as a burden, instead of an opportunity to improve their pedagogical skills. The teachers that develop professional knowledge and skills will positively benefit children’s learning. The whole process brings about beneficial change in the educational system. Using a mixed method research design (to obtain both qualitative and quantitative information), this study aims to find the correlation between these three areas – teachers’ professional development, instructional strategies, and student learning outcome. The researcher used sequential explanatory research design, because it is useful for trying to test theoretical models by using them in real world. This method specially used in Social Sciences, Psychology, anthropology and ecology. This design of research verified through testing whether scientific theories and models actually work in the real world. The sequential explanatory research accumulated and examined quantitative data tailed by exploring and investigating qualitative data, to make results more valid and reliable, by deducing results using mixed method. The basic purpose is to have the research study useful for educational organizations and stakeholders because it provides in depth information about the relationship of teacher’s enhanced pedagogical proficiency on her classroom teaching practice. It also examines the improved teaching on students learning. The research would contribute constructively for bringing about positive change in teacher’s perceptions about development of professional skills and knowledge. To explore the in-depth information about the association between professional development of teachers and their effective implementation of freshly learnt instructional strategies during training courses of Public Schools of Lahore teachers were the subjects of study. The purposive sampling technique was used to collect valid data, which was reliable and eliminated sampling biases. The research was quantitative and qualitative in nature, employing triangulation technique which facilitated validation of data, through cross verification from two or more sources. The researcher employed questionnaires and interview methods to collect data. The study analysis was done by applying qualitative content analysis a text interpretation by working out themes and their frequencies. Quantitative method was also used to apply SPSS test for validating the test results. The researcher investigated the connection between school Teacher’s Professional Development and effective application of newly acquired instructional strategies. The majority of the teachers’ perceptions were that teachers’ professional development had profound association with the instructional methods, which would bring productive change in the teaching learning process. Few teachers perceived professional development as a burden, instead of an opportunity to improve their pedagogical skills. The teacher’s developed professional knowledge and skills positively benefited children’s learning. The whole process brought beneficial change in the educational system.
Parental involvement in the learning of children at montessori level in lahore
(2018) Ishrat Tabassum
The study is about parental involvement in pre- education. The aim of this research is to explore the effect of parents’ involvement in the enhancement of student learning at Montessori level. This research was descriptive in nature .The parents and teachers of students studying in Lahore city were the target population of the research. The sample size of the study was two hundred parents and one hundred students of PG to class 2, from ten public and ten private primary schools. The survey method was used for data collection. It has been found out that parents are facing challenges and difficulties in rearing of child in current era. Study has witnessed a long gap in students’ achievement due to less parents’ involvement in their kids learning at preschool level. Findings of this study show that learning level of student is directly correlated with scales from the parental involvement. This study clearly shows that parent’s involvement plays an important role in student learning at home as well as in school. Evidence based research in this literature review indicated that those preschool approaches are more successful that have focus on role of parents along with the teacher.
A study of the teachers’ perception about technical and vocational education training (tvet) curriculum improvement through tvet reforms
(UMT.Lahore, 2018) Muhammad Shahbaz Tayyab
TVET Reform Support Program (RSP) in 2011 with an aim to devise a National Skills Strategy (NSS), introduced systems to impart and assess skills, making this sector as an engine to economic growth. This is a multi-lateral initiative co-funded by the European Union (EU), the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Federal Republic of Germany, and being implemented in Pakistan by the GIZ (CBT&A). The study objective about improve learning outcomes, curricular reforms are being introduced and adapted after the TEVT Reform. A major practical aspect of this is to improve the curriculum of textbooks used in TVET system, so the project is also under the supporting by the TVET Reform. The population of the study was confined all the teachers of private and public technical institutions at Lahore There were total four public and twenty private technical institutions in Lahore. The random sampling technique was used on the basis of three most common technical areas: Electrical, Civil and Mechanical. A self-developed questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected data was analyzed through using SPSS (statistical package for social sciences) in order to investigate the teachers’ perception regarding improvement of TVET curriculum after the of TVET Reforms in technical institutions the findings of the study revealed that teachers’ perception regarding the improvement of TVET curriculum practice after the TVET Reform are not affected by the qualification, experience, and nature of job and area of specialization of the teachers. It is suggested that future research should include other improvement of TEVT curriculum practices to gain deep insight to explore this area of research.

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