School of Textile and Design (STD)

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    A mechatronic approach for automatic inspection of deformable webs
    (Proc. of Mechatronics, 2002) Umer Farooq; King, Tim; Gaskell, P. H.; Kapur, N.
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    Machine vision using image data feedback for fault detection in complex deformable webs
    (Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, 2004) Umer Farooq; King ,Tim; Gaskell, P. H.; Kapur, N.
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    Advancement in nanotechnology of polymers and fibers
    (International Dyers, 2008) Faheem Uddin
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    Clays, nanoclays, and montmorillonite minerals
    (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 2008) Faheem Uddin
    The recent introduction of nanoclays as fillers or additives in polymers for various desired effects is a subject of an increased interest for research and development to establish various applications. An increased consumption is indicated by the wider applications of clay nanocomposites approaching to almost one-quarter (24 pct) in 2005 of the total nanocomposites used. However, an interesting concern, along with the studies addressing how nanoclays change the behavior of polymeric materials, is to discover what are clays, nanoclays and montmorillonite minerals. The various structures of montmorillonite available in nature and their modification for application are discussed. An attempt is made to review the origin of using clays when nanotechnology did not exist, coupled with the effects of montmorillonite-based nanoclays on commercially known polymers.
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    Wettability of easy-care finished cotton
    (Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres, 2010) Faheem Uddin; Lomas, Mike
    The easy-care finishing of cotton cross-links adjacent molecular chains in a cellulose structure, whereby the wettability of finished cotton fabric is significantly reduced or becomes unwettable. The pigment printing of easy-care finished cotton fabric was investigated. The residual catalyst content on the fibre surface and the cross-linked molecular structure both influence fabric wettability. The finished cotton fabric would become unwettable following after-wash treatment, resulting in the reduced absorption of the pigment paste in fibres. The type of catalyst used in easy-care finishing has a direct influence on pigment printing; generally, it enhances the fabric wettability of finished fabric that has received wash-off treatment. The catalyst content on the surface of fibres also affects the colour strength (K/S value) and lateral spreading of aqueous print paste on the finished fabric.
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    Analysis of workforce diversity, commitment of employee�s and its effects on organizational performance: corporate sector in Islamabad Pakistan
    (International Review of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2013) Schehar Bano; Fahad Islam Khan, Muhammad; Habibullah; Naveed Akhtar Butt
    Workforce diversity and employees commitment in the context of Globalization has attained significant attention of today’s Researchers. This paper endeavors to ascertain major factors of work-setting and its effects on organizational performance. Two independent variables i.e workforce diversity and committed workforce relations have been analyzed on employee’s organizational performance. Data was collected from 286 respondents from employee’s belonging to the corporate sector of Islamabad Pakistan. Middle level management tiers were segment of the study age ranging from 30 to 40 years. Questionnaire was administered using five point likert scale. Result revels that there is 71% variation between committed work force and organizational performance: henceforth, that committed work force is an important factor of organizational growth with a t-value of (17.295). The p-value values indicates that the variables are significant as P<.05. Similarly, committed work force effects have variation on organizational performance by 20 %. The results further represent that the variables are significant with the p-value of <.05). It is evident from the analysis that diverse workforce once managed well on the work environment and employee’s are committed then organizational performance is with t-value of 6.679. It is therefore imperative for the organizations to accord due priority to the major work-setting like diversity and employee commitment in the organizations facilitating employees to yield befitting organizational loyalty.
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    Making lean smart by using system of systems approach
    (IEEE SYSTEMS JOURNAL,, 2013) Asif Mahmood; Montagna, Francesca
    System of systems (SoS) is quite a new approach in the practical field that is on the verge of transcending the boundaries of the defense system and ready to be applied in the industrial sector. This paper attempts to answer the important question of whether a production system falls under the scope of SoS by using a general framework proposed by the system theory. This also unearths the need to radicalize lean manufacturing with state-of-the-art tools. In order to achieve this objective, we design and elaborate a new management framework for an SoS lean or smart lean system by applying the SoS approach to lean manufacturing.
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    Effect of sewing parameters and wash type on the dimensional stability of knitted garments
    (VERSITA, 2013) Malik Mumtaz Hasan; Malik Zulfiqar Ali; Tanveer Hussain; Muhammad Babar Ramzan
    The aim of this research is to study the effect of clothing manufacturing parameters, that is, stitch type, stitch density, sewing thread type and washing type on the dimensional stability of single jersey knitted garment. Single jersey bleached fabric, made from Ne 32 cotton combed ring spun yarn, was used to make 32 medium size crew neck T-shirts selecting two levels of stitch type, stitch density, sewing thread type and wash type according to the experimental design. After constructing the garments, four critical measurements of each garment, that is, body length, body width, across shoulder and sleeve length were measured. The constructed garments were divided into two equal groups. One group was washed with water and the other group was washed using a detergent. After washing, drying and tumbling, the same critical measurements of each garment were taken and the percent shrinkage was calculated. Analysis of data was done on responses of output variables against the input variables using MINITAB. The results showed that three input variables: stitch type, stitch density and garment wash type have significant effect on all the output variables.
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    Fabric tensile strength as affected by different anti pilling agents at various concentration and PH levels
    (2013) Muhammad Qamar Tusief; Nasir Mahmood; Nabeel Amin
    Pilling is a phenomenon that has a long cause trouble in textile industry. It is the formation of pills or knops on the surface of woven or knitted fabrics caused by friction and abrasion. If fabric has a pronounced tendency to pilling, their appearances suffer severely after a short period of use. The pilling of fabrics is a serious problem for the apparel industry. The use of anti pilling finishes is one of the best techniques to control the pilling of the fabric. In this method fabric is treated with special anti pilling agents to prevent pilling that promote adhesion of the fibres in the yarn or the fabric. This paper endeavors to optimize the application of different anti pilling agents at different concentration and pH levels on the Tensile Strength of P/C fabric for best results. The results exposed that different anti pilling finishes have significant effects on the Tensile Strength of fabric at different concentration level however different pH levels have no considerable effects.
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    Analysis of workforce diversity, commitment of employee�s and its effects on organizational performance
    (International Review of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2013) Muhammad Fahad Islam Khan; Schehar Bano; Habibullah; Naveed Akhtar Butt
    Workforce diversity and employees commitment in the context of Globalization has attained significant attention of today’s Researchers. This paper endeavors to ascertain major factors of work-setting and its effects on organizational performance. Two independent variables i.e workforce diversity and committed workforce relations have been analyzed on employee’s organizational performance. Data was collected from 286 respondents from employee’s belonging to the corporate sector of Islamabad Pakistan. Middle level management tiers were segment of the study age ranging from 30 to 40 years. Questionnaire was administered using five point likert scale. Result revels that there is 71% variation between committed work force and organizational performance: henceforth, that committed work force is an important factor of organizational growth with a t-value of (17.295). The p-value values indicates that the variables are significant as P<.05. Similarly, committed work force effects have variation on organizational performance by 20 %. The results further represent that the variables are significant with the p-value of <.05). It is evident from the analysis that diverse workforce once managed well on the work environment and employee’s are committed then organizational performance is with t-value of 6.679. It is therefore imperative for the organizations to accord due priority to the major work-setting like diversity and employee commitment in the organizations facilitating employees to yield befitting organizational loyalty.
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    Tensile properties of cotton yarn as affected by different yarn singeing machine variables
    (Series A: Physical Sciences, 2014) Muhammad Qamar Tusief; Nabeel Amin; Nasir Mahmood; Waqar Iqbal
    The present study endeavours to optimise the yarn quality in respect of its tensile properties by choosing the best combination of the yarn singeing machine variables for excellent manufacture results. This research study revealed that different values of winding speed, gas pressure and air pressure of yarn singeing machine put significant effect upon the tensile properties of cotton yarn after singeing.
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    Impact of various wrinkle free finishes on wrinkle recovery property of cotton fabric under different variables
    (Textile Science & Engineering, 2014) Tusief MQ; Mahmood N; Nabeel Amin; Saddique M
    Today everybody wishes for that his/her dress retains just ironed shape. Wrinkle free finishes provide wrinkle free and soft look fabric. Wrinkle free finishes are broadly used in the textile industry to impart wrinkle-resistance to cellulosic materials such as cotton fabric. The application of wrinkle resistance (permanent or durable press) finishes on the fabric improves their wrinkle resistance property. Because of increasing demand for pure cotton fabrics, permanent press finishes are being used on these clothes. In conventional durable press finishing, there are two types of products used (resin type and reactant type). Both of these products contain formaldehyde which cause human carcinogen. Hence durable press finishes free of formaldehyde with trade namesTexicil DC, Knittex RCT, Arkofix NEC and Arkofix ELF (Dihydroxi ethylene urea and Demethyldihydroxi urea) were used in this research study. The present work endeavors to optimize the application of these wrinkle free finishes at various concentrations trying different techniques of applying these finishes on pure cotton fabric for best manufacturing results. The results revealed that the finish Arkofix ELF and Arkofix NEC showed superior results at the concentration level 120 g/l under Pad-flash –cure method of application for the wrinkle free property of the fabric.
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    Antimicrobial studies of knitted fabrics from bamboo, soybean and flax fibers at various blends
    (Textile Science & Engineering, 2015) Muhammad Qamar Tusief; Nabeel Amin; Nasir Mahmood; Israr Ahmad; Mudassar Abass
    In the current study, the single jersey knitted fabric from natural fibers bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus), soybean (Glycine max) and flax (Linum usitatissimum) at various blend ratios are prepared for comparison of physical strength and antimicrobial properties. For the general characteristic evaluations it is deduced that the fiber strength of pure flax is comparatively stronger than bamboo and soybean, whereas the antimicrobial properties of the bamboo fibers are the highest. Therefore, the blended fabric with multiple compositions for these three fibers is prepared and compared with the fabric made from individual pure fibers. In sum, the blended fabrics showed enhanced results for both antibacterial activity and strength, where the strength of flax/bamboo blended fabric with equal ratios (50/50) at higher twists and antibacterial activity of soybean/bamboo blended fabric with blend ratio 10/90 was found the best as compared to other combinations.
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    The comfort of knitted fabric as affected by its structure.
    (Pakistan journal of science and industrial research., 2015) Nabeel Amin
    The present study was carried to investigate the effect of various knitted fabric structure on its comfort related properties. It was observed that, all comfort properties of knitted fabric have direct relation to its structure. The plain knitted fabric was found best for optimum comfort.
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    Sustainable chemistry method to improve the wash-off process of reactive dyes on cotton
    (ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2015) M. Nabeel Amin; Blackburn, Richard S.
    Reactive dyes are extensively used for coloration of cellulosic fibers because of their excellent wash fastness (stability to washing with aqueous detergent solutions), which arises from covalent bond formation between dye and fiber. However, up to 40% of the dyestuff may hydrolyze in the dyeing process; this hydrolyzed dye has affinity for the fiber via hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions, but is not covalently bonded and as such exhibits poor wash fastness. Accordingly, these reactive dyeings require a multistep “wash-off” process after dyeing, involving various aqueous rinses and washings, in order for the dyeing to achieve the characteristic very high wash fastness. Wash-off and subsequent effluent treatment can account for up to 50% of the total cost of reactive dyeing and consumes significant amounts of water and energy; from a sustainable chemistry and engineering perspective, consumption of water and energy are arguably the biggest issues in textile dyeing. Existing and developmental dye transfer inhibiting (DTI) polymers were employed to remove unfixed (hydrolyzed) dyes. It was found that the use of DTI in the wash-off of reactive dyes enables a much more efficient, economical and sustainable process to be developed, which significantly reduces operation time, water consumption and energy consumption. Different DTI polymer types varied in their efficacy of dye removal; poly(vinylpyridine-N-oxide) polymers were the most effective with respect to the level of hydrolyzed dye removal closely followed by the poly(vinylpyridine betaine) polymers, which were also highly efficient in hydrolyzed dye removal, with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) polymers being the least effective. These differences were attributed to variations in the magnitude and delocalization of positive electrostatic potential of the functional moieties in the polymers and the extent of and propensity for hydrogen bonding with the hydrolyzed reactive dyes.
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    Effect of different processing stages on the crystallinity % and tensile strength of 100% cotton fabric.
    (Pakistan Journal of Science and Industrial Research., 2015) Nabeel Amin; Mudassar Abbas
    In this study, 100 % cotton fabric was used to check the impact on fabric crystallinity and tensile strength at different processing stages. Desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerization and resin (only resin & resin+softener) application were the processes performed on the fabric. X-Ray diffractometer and tensile strength tester were used to determine the crystallinity index (CI) and tensile strength, respectively. Results revealed that from scouring to mercerization crystallinity (CI) decreased while desizing and resin application treatments showed no significant impact on the crystallinity (CI). In case of tensile strength, a decreasing trend from desizing to resin application was observed.
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    Antimicrobial studies of knitted fabrics from bamboo, soybean and flax fibers at various blends
    (Journal of Textile Science & Engineering., 2015) Muhammad Qamar Tusief; Nabeel Amin; Mudassar Abass
    In the current study, the single jersey knitted fabric from natural fibers bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus), soybean (Glycine max) and flax (Linum usitatissimum) at various blend ratios are prepared for comparison of physical strength and antimicrobial properties. For the general characteristic evaluations it is deduced that the fiber strength of pure flax is comparatively stronger than bamboo and soybean, whereas the antimicrobial properties of the bamboo fibers are the highest. Therefore, the blended fabric with multiple compositions for these three fibers is prepared and compared with the fabric made from individual pure fibers. In sum, the blended fabrics showed enhanced results for both antibacterial activity and strength, where the strength of flax/bamboo blended fabric with equal ratios (50/50) at higher twists and antibacterial activity of soybean/bamboo blended fabric with blend ratio 10/90 was found the best as compared to other combinations.
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    A mini review on the synthesis of ag-nanoparticles by chemical reduction method and their biomedical applications.
    (NUST Journal of Engineering Sciences, NUST, 2016) Zahra Qurbat; Fraz Ahmad; Mudassar Abbas; Almas Anwar; Muhammad Awais
    This mini-review provides an adequate amount of information about the synthesis of silver nanoparticles through various routes. Among the competitors, Sodium-, borohydride and citrate, water, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and sodium citrate and silver nitrate are the most commonly employed reducing agents, solvent, capping agents and silver salt precursor. The particles thus formed when incorporated to form blended materials can be used in advanced applications, especially in medical devices, preventing the adhesion of microorganisms over them. Herein, the similar function of silver, either distributed over the polymeric material surfaces as a polished layer or equally dispersed therein, will be presented. The marked examples include incorporation of silver nanoparticles into fluff pulp through sonochemical impregnation and blending the silver nanoparticles synthesized through solventfree, greener routes into poly (dicyclopentadiene).
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    Moderno: expansion plan feasibility
    (2017) Asim Elahi Mangat; Mirza Raaied Baig; Umair Saleem; Aamer Ashraf; Usman Yasin
    Many views about the contribution of Pakistan Textile Industry (PTI) for the economy of Pakistan have been presented so far. Most of these views are based on the facts provided by the government and the textile industry. More than 60% national exports are textile products. It is one of those industries, which provides employment opportunities to a large labor force in Pakistan. According to a recent report of APTMA, Pakistan Textile Industry contributes 8.5% to the total GDP and employs 40% of industrial workforce. Pakistan Textile Industry caters to all sorts of textile and clothing demands of Pakistan. Moreover, it is also exporting goods of worth more than US $ 14 billion. Since the total international market size is more than US $ 800 billion, it also shows that the share of Pakistan Textile Industry in international trade is only 1.75%.