Institute of Clinical Psychology (ICP)
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Psychology is one of the most popular social sciences all over the world, both at graduate and post graduate levels. For centuries, Psychology, as a part of Philosophy shared its aim of understanding the nature including human nature. The method of inquiry used was mainly observation, supported by logic for drawing inferences and making predictions and then validating all these by further experiences. For thousands of years, psychology and philosophy remained convenient bedfellows. The wake- up call came around the turn of the 20th century. The developments in the natural sciences like physics, chemistry, biology and experimental methodology forced some to look at the human being more interms of behaviour rather than Psyche’. Psychology introduced more objectivity than Philosophy and subjected their conjectures to rigors of scientific testing.
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We will endeavor to raise the standards of teaching, training and expertise of clinical psychologists to international levels, to meet mental health needs of the people and serve the community at large with professionalism, dedication and commitment through scientific methods and procedures developed and validated indigenously.
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Item Role Identification and Mental Health Functioning of Children of Alcoholic Fathers(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2014) Suneel, IvanAlcoholism is a family disease that renders the individual and the family dysfunctional. Children or adult children of alcoholics assume certain roles to deal with the chaos in the family. Thus in order to assess the roles of the children an indigenous scale was constructed and validated namely Role Identification Scale. Factor analysis revealed a four factor (the Hero, the Aggressor, the Withdrawn and the Mascot). RIS was found to have adequate psychometric properties. Moreover, General Health Questionnaire was used for the assessment of screening and severity of mental health functioning. The main study comprised of 400 adult children of alcoholic fathers (50% Male and 50% Female) between ages 18-25 (M 21.45, SD 2.37) and matric as the minimum level of education were administered RIS, GHQ and a demographic questionnaire. Results indicated that the two roles namely the Hero and the Mascot were strong negative predictors of mental health problems and the other two roles namely the Aggressor and the Withdrawn were found to be positive predictors of mental health problems. Results are discussed in terms of gender differences and their implication for rehabilitation and counseling for a collectivistic culture.Item Temperament, self-concept and emotional behavioural problem in adolescents(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2015) Rehman, SanaThe study aim was to explore the impact of Temperament on Self-concept of Adolescents. The study was carried out with the development of an indigenous scale of Self-concept and the adopted version of Early Adolescent Temperament Scale Revised (EATQ-R) & School Children Problem Scale. The total no of sample in this study was consisted of 402 participants, (49% boys and 50% girls) between the age range of 12-17 years. The phenomenology was explored and pilotstudy was conducted to assess the user friendliness of the scale. The main hypothesis of the current study was exploring the relationship between Temperament and Self-concept in adolescents. The factored analysis of self-concept scale indicates the two factors which was positive self-concept and negative self-concept. The Performa was given to the participants with demographics and the results indicate that the Class, Gender, Attention, Depression, and Frustration, were strong predictor of Emotional Behavioural Problem & Negative Self-concept in adolescents. Results were discussed in global term and collectivistic culture of Pakistan which indicates that Class, Gender, Attention, Depressive Mood, Frustration, Pleasure sensitivity were strong predictor of Negative self-concept.Item Health anxiety, self-medicating behavior and general health issues in University students.(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Ansar, MunibaThe aim of this research was to find out the relationship among Self-Medication, Health Anxiety and General Health Problems in University population. The sample of this research was comprised of (N=200), in which an equal proportion from government and private university students were taken, while cross sectional research design was used in the research. To measure self-medication an indigenous scale was developed, while Health Anxiety Questionnaire was used to assess Anxiety among university population regarding their health issues (Lucock& Morley, 1990), moreover General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Williams, 1998) was used to assess general health issues of university students. Results revealed that there was a highly significant positive correlation among anxiety, fear, and dissatisfaction with doctors, health anxiety, self-medicating behavior and general health negative. Furthermore results also revealed that availability of medicine leads to high consumption of self-medication and female university students have more health anxiety than male students. Results also revealed that higher level of health anxiety exists among early adulthood students than later years, moreover low general health in university students leads to self-medication behavior. Results also describe that health anxiety in university students is a significant predictor of self-medication. Furthermore from the results it has also been revealed that Gender is also a key predictor of self-medication, which gives a notation that consumption self-medication is influenced by gender. The research also provide an indigenous scale of self-medication that can be used in further researches in the field of clinical psychology.Item Burnout Tendencies and Mental Health Issues of Administrative Staff of the University(University of Management & Technology, 2016) Daud, SanaThe current study is an attempt to explore the relationship between Burnout tendencies and Mental Health functioning in Administrative staff of University. The current study was carried out in four stages in the first stage the phenomenology of the Burnout tendencies was explored through open ended approach from 20 participants. This phase resulted into 75 items the final list of 53 items was further validated by 10 experts and piloted on 30 participants age range Mean. In the final stage a sample of 193 (75% male, 25% female) with the age range of (M 32.35, SD 8.40) was selected through purposive sampling from Private Sector University and given Burnout Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale DASS, (Lovibond, & Lovibon, 1995) along with the demographic form. The results of factor analysis revealed a three factor solution namely Feeling Exhausted, Feeling of Dysfunctional and Somatic Complaints. The Burnout scale was found to have high internal consistency and concurrent validity the results of Hierarchical Regression analysis revealed that Burnout was found to be significant predictor of Mental Health issues in Administrative staff of the University. The results are discussed in terms of stress management and counseling for the administrative staff of the universityItem Exposure to Domestic Violence, Social Intelligence and Emotional Behavioral Problems in Adolescents(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Akram, SymaThe present study aimed to explore the relationship among exposure to domestic violence, social intelligence and emotional behavioral problems in adolescents. It was hypothesized that there would be a positive relationship among exposure to domestic violence and social intelligence (social deviousness, dominance and control).Moreover, it was hypothesized that there would be a positive relationship among exposure to domestic violence and emotional behavioral problems. It was also hypothesized that there would be a positive relationship among social intelligence (social deviousness, dominance and control) and emotional behavioral problems. Sample of 200 adolescents of age 13-16 (M = 14.59, SD = 0.82) of class 9th and 10th (Boys = 100, Girls = 100) were collected from four government and private schools of Lahore. Social Intelligence Scale for Adolescents (SISA; Yousaf&Saleem, 2012), School Children Problem Scale (SCPS; Saleem&Mahmood, 2011) and a newly developed indigenous scale for exposure to domestic violence were administered. Exposure to domestic violence was not significantly correlate with social intelligence and emotional behavioral problems of adolescents. Regression analysis showed that class, gender, family system and social intelligence were predictors of emotional behavioral problems in adolescents. The results were discussed in the light of cultural context of Pakistan.Item Self concept, friendship breakup reactions and emotional behavioral problems among adolescents(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Anam FatimaPresent studies investigate the relationship between self-concept, friendship breakup reactions and emotional behavioral problems in adolescence. A sample of 400 school students were selected through multistage sampling technique, comprising of 209 girls and 191 boys of 8,9 and 10 grades with the age range of 13-18years (M=14.56 &SD=1.38). The participants were given Friendship Breakup Reactions Scale (Sarfraz&Saleem, 2016) Self Concept Scale (Rehman&Jabeen, 2015) and School Children Problem Scale (Saleem&Mahmood,2011) and demographic Performa. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that boys show more mental health problems than girls as well as sense of loss and emotional exhaustion is the significant predictor of mental health problems. Further the results were discussed in the significance of its cultural context and its implications in the light of the child's growth and development.Item Perceived interpersonal relationship, sense of self efficacy and mental health problems in teachers of special education and mainstream schools(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Ramzan, AmnaThis study was aimed to investigate the perceived interpersonal relationship, sense of self efficacy and mental health problems among special and mainstream schools teachers. This study was carried out in series of phases. Firstly phenomenology of interpersonal relationship was explored. A list of 34 items was generated and converted into self-report measure by using Semantic Differential Technique. After pilot study, in main studya sample of 300 teachers, (150 special education schools and 150 teachers) were selected by using multistage sampling strategy with the age range of 28-50 (M 35.90, SD 6.04). Three Scales Interpersonal Relationship Scale (IRS), Teachers Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES) and Depression, Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Result of factor analysis revealed two factors namely Positive Interpersonal Relationship and Negative Interpersonal Relationship. The result of hierarchical regression analysis showed that the teachers of special education teachers have more mental health problems, negative interpersonal relationships and poor sense of self efficacy than mainstream teachers. Results are discus in terms of counselling services.Item Self concept, friendship breakup reactions and emotional behavioral problems among adolescents(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Anam FatimaPresent studies investigate the relationship between self-concept, friendship breakup reactions and emotional behavioral problems in adolescence. A sample of 400 school students were selected through multistage sampling technique, comprising of 209 girls and 191 boys of 8,9 and 10 grades with the age range of 13-18years (M=14.56 &SD=1.38). The participants were given Friendship Breakup Reactions Scale (Sarfraz&Saleem, 2016) Self Concept Scale (Rehman&Jabeen, 2015) and School Children Problem Scale (Saleem&Mahmood,2011) and demographic Performa. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that boys show more mental health problems than girls as well as sense of loss and emotional exhaustion is the significant predictor of mental health problems. Further the results were discussed in the significance of its cultural context and its implications in the light of the child's growth and development.Item Effectiveness of Social Skills Training Program for Children with Down’s Syndrome(University of Management & Technology, 2016) Anees, RamshaIn this study the pre and post effect of social skills training program in children with Down’s syndrome was demonstrated. Six students with Down’s syndrome with age range 10-14 years (M= 11.66, SD=.51) were participated in the study. The initial assessment was carried out with The Portage Guide to Early Education (Bluma, Shearer, Froman, & Hilliard, 1976) and 5 goals were selected which were further divided into fifteen goals. The social skills training manual was developed to follow the proper session protocol. Paired sample t-test was used to investigate the hypothesis which revealed a significant difference (p> 0.001) between pre and post test results. Significance changes in social skills were observed following the treatment. The intervention program attempted to increase understanding of social skills in children with Down syndrome.Item Perceived Peer Relationship, Self-Esteem and Emtional-Behavioral Problems in Adolescents(University of Management & Technology, 2016) Nasreen, MehwishThe current research was aimed to explore the relationship among perceived peer relationship, self-esteem and emotional-behavioral problems in adolescents. A sample of 200 adolescents of age range 12-17 years of 8th, 9th and 10th class were selected through stratified random sampling technique from the Government schools of Lahore, Pakistan. The mean age of the participants was 14.19 with the standard deviation of 1.16. Participants included 39.60% boys and 60.40% girls. For this purpose, Self-esteem scale for children (SESC; Mahmood & Sadia, 2011) was used to assess self-esteem of the participants, School children problem scale (SCPS; Mahmood & Sadia, 2011) was used to assess the emotional-behavioral problems in school children and Perceived peer relationship scale (PPRS) which was indigenously developed in the research was used to assess perceived peer relationship in adolescents. Factor analysis of PPRS revealed two factors i.e. positive attributes and negative attributes. Self-esteem scale for children (SESC) measured four dimensions i.e. academic self-esteem, social self-esteem, self-confidence and low self-esteem. Results found that there was a significant negative relationship of emotional-behavioral problems with positive self-esteem and positive attributes of friends. Low self-esteem was found to have positive and significant relationship with emotional-behavioral problems and negative attributes of friends. Low self-esteem was found to significantly predict emotional-behavioral problems in adolescents. Interestingly, gender difference was found in social self-esteem i.e. high level of social self-esteem was found in boys than in girls. Academic and social self-esteem was found to be higher in the students of grade 8th than of the 9th and 10th class. In conclusion, adolescents having positive peer relationship were found to have high self-esteem and their buffering effect decrease the emotional-behavioral problems in adolescents.Item Maternal mental health and their perception of emotional behavioral problems in adolescents(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Alvina Martha MarcellusThis study was carried out to investigate mothers' mental health and explore mothers' perception of adolescent's emotional and behavioral problems and the prevention strategies they use to deal with the problems. Cross-sectional research design was used, the sample of the study was n=238 (112 boys and 126 girls) and was administered on the mothers whose children studied from classes 6 to 10 which was selected through stratified random sampling technique. The two scales that were used to measure were Urdu translation version of Mental Health Inventory (Bashir & Naz, 2013) and an indigenous scale that is Perceived Emotional and Behavioral Problems (PEBP). The analysis of PEBP revealed 4 factors which were Aggression, Academic problems, Detachment and Withdrawal. PEBP was found to be reliable with cronbach alpha 0.90, test-retest r=0.71, split half reliability 0.79 and 0.87 and valid with acceptable psychometric properties. The results also revealed a negative relationship between maternal mental health and perceived emotional and behavioral problems. In the course of working on the project the following suggestions came across which were the limitation of this research that is father's perspective should also be researched, caregivers perspectives (which in our society is mostly elder siblings), extensive research on child-parent-teacher perspective should be carried out to get a complete picture of emotional and behavioral problems in our society.Item Psychosocial issues and quality of life of women with post menopausal osteoporosis(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Ali, FarwahThe aim of the study was to rule out psychosocial issues of women with post-menopausal osteoporosis and how these psychosocial issues due to osteoporosis affect their quality of life. An indigenous scale was developed to measure psychosocial issues of women with post menopausal osteoporosis by following a three stage model of scale development. After factor analysis two factors were revealed (Psychosocial problems related to self and psychosocial problems related to others). This study was conducted with women having post menopausal osteoporosis (N= 100). Women were selected through purposive sampling with age range 49 to 60 years (M 56.13, SD 3.81). The main study was carried out through an indigenous scale (Psychosocial Issues of Women with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (PSWO) Scale), demographic form and WHO Quality Of Life –Brief Scale (Khan, Akhter, Ayub, Alam & Laghari, 2003) questionnaire from orthopedic department of major public and private hospitals of city. Cronbach Alpha of the indigenous scale was .87. One week test re test reliability on 10 % (N=10) was .84 that showed that test was highly reliable. The results identified psychosocial issues of women with post-menopausal osteoporosis and how these psychosocial issues due to osteoporosis affected their quality of life. Whereas it was found that there was a negative relationship between psychosocial issues and quality of life among women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. It was found that duration of problem (osteoporosis) and Psychosocial Issues of Women with PSWO Factor 1 and Psychosocial Issues of PSWO Factor 2 were significant predictors of lesser quality of life due to post menopausal osteoporosis. The study will help in understanding the psychosocial problems that are created by osteoporosis and how they affect quality of life of women. It will also help to identify the relationship between post menopausal osteoporosis, psychosocial issues and quality of life.Item Emotional behavioural problems and self-esteem in children with absent fathers(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Nudra ShaukatThe present study purports to explore the relationship between emotional behavioral problems, experienced during adolescence and self-esteem in children with absent fathers. The sample comprised of 200 students (94 boys or 106 girls) age ranging between 13-17 (M = 15.03,SD =1.22). Purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data. Two indigenous tools/measures used namely School Children Problems Scale (Saleem and Mahmood, 2011) and Self-Esteem Children Scale (Saleem&Mahmood, 2011) along with demographic Performa. The overall result revealed that due to father absence, both emigrant and deceased father's children face emotional behavioral problems and low self-esteem. And in reference to demographics, children with age 15 or more have experienced somatic complaints than children with the age 14 or less. On both categories, children respond on aggression and somatic complaints highly significant factors as compared to others. Mostly children with absent fathers have experienced moderate level of the prevalence and severity level of emotional behavioral problems.Item Burnout, Perceived Social Support and Self-esteem among Trainee Clinical Psychologist(University of Management and Technology, 2016) Ayaz Khan, MahreenPresent study investigates the relationship among Burnout, Perceived Social Support and Self-esteem among trainee clinical psychologist. Total sample was 250 in which 100 participants were trainee clinical psychologist and 150 participants from other disciplines of studies from M.S and M.Phil with mean and standard deviation is respectively (M27.25,SD 3.83).Three valid and reliable scale have been use in the current study. For measurement of burnout Burnout scale (Shehzad, Saleem, & Mehmood, 2011) was used. For the dimension of perceived social support Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet, Dahlem, & Farley, 1988) was used. To assess the self-esteem self -esteem scale for students (Zafar, Saleem, & Mehmood, 2012) was used. Regression analysis revealed that burnout is a negative predictor of self-esteem more the burnout factor emotional exhaustion predicts low self-esteem on the other hand perceived social support is the positive predictor of self-esteem perception of social support forecasts positive self-esteem. Program of study have relationship with burnout.The result of T.test and Anova revealed that semester number, and gender have no significance with burnout, perceived social support and self-esteem. By conducting the current study it was revealed that burnout and perceived social support are predictor of self-esteem. It will gave further guidance that different workshop, self-grooming programs ,group therapies and counseling session can be conducted to enhance the self-esteem of students and also it further help for the management of burnout.Item Identity, Social Intelligence, Emotional Behavioral Problems of Institutionalized Orphan and Mainstream Adolescents(University of Management and Technology, 2016) Ashiq, UzmaThe current study was aimed to explore the difference between orphan and main stream adolescents on Identity, Social Intelligence and Emotional Behavioral Problems. A total sample of 200 (100 Orphans and 100 Mainstream) Adolescents with the age range of 12-19, (M 14.42, SD 1.47) were selected through purposive sampling technique. The research protocol comprised Identity Scale for Adolescents ISA, (Iqbal &Saleem, 2015). Social Intelligence Scale for Adolescents SISA, (Saleem&Yousaf ,2012) andSchool Children’s Problem Scale SCPS, (Saleem& Mahmood, 2011) along with a demographic Performa. Results showed that Orphan Adolescents scored significantly higher on Negative and Arrogant Identity, Social Deviousness and Dominance and Control than the Mainstream Adolescents. On the other hand, Mainstream Adolescents scored significantly higher on Positive Identity, Social Facilitation and Pro Social domains. Hierarchical Regression Analysis revealed that gender, age, Negative Identity, Dominance and Control were found to be positive predictors of emotional behavioral problems. Results are discussed in terms of cultural influence on orphan hood and implications for clinical and counseling services.Item Functional Developmental Profile for Children of 5-6 Years of Age:(University of Management and Technology, 2016) Riffat, SanaChild development is an important but neglected section of our culture, which requires attention and awareness in many ways especially in relation to assessment. The purpose of current study was to develop culturally relevant developmental assessment tool for children. Furthermore, this research was exploring the relationship among all developmental areas as well as age class and school sectors differences on Functional Developmental Profile. At first validation of Functional Developmental Profile was assessed then Indigenous Functional Developmental Profile was developed. The psychometric properties were established through test-retest reliability total 52 children were taken as sample through multistage simple random sampling, from government and private elementary schools with the age range of 5-6 years (M= 5.54, SD=.50). Functional Developmental Profile was used in this research. The results showed there is significant positive relationship among all developmental areas i.e. social/emotional, cognitive, communication, adaptive functioning and physical skills. Through this research study age, class and sector difference found on all developmental areas. This study also provide with an indigenous checklist which might be helpful for assessment of different developmental areas of children of age 5-6 years as well as provide a support for future researches.Item Functional developmental profile for age 7-8 years old (boys): a validation study(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2017) Fatima NoreenChild development is the every important and delicate area with regards to functionality, assessment and management because of the versatility of culture and its impacts on child development. This research study was intended to validate a culturallyrelevant scale to assess the functional development of school children with the age range of 7-8 years old (M= 7.58 &SD= .49). Along with that relationship of the five developmental areas which are physical, adaptive behaviors, social/emotional, cognitive and communication skills were assessed and also age and class difference in functional development was also explored. Developmental profile (Alpern, 2007) was used to validate it in this culture, for this purpose 100 mainstream school children (Boys) of age 7-8 years old were taken as a researchparticipant. Finding of the research study showed that test retest reliability of the validated tool is very high. Positive correlation was found among five developmental areas and it was revealed that children of 8 years are more functional development tan children of 7 years old. Class wise different was also found in the results which suggests that as grade of the student increase his functional development is also increases. With the help of this research study not just mainstream children but also special education children will be facilitated in the course of assessment of their functional ageItem Interpersonal Workplace Strain, Coping Strategies and Mental Health Problems in Doctors(University of Management & Technology, 2017) Nimra WahidIn all over the world doctor's job is consider to be very demanding and there are multiple factors that affect the doctors at personal and professional level. The purpose of the current research was to developed the “Interpersonal Workplace Strain Scale” and find out the association between interpersonal workplace strain, coping strategies and mental health problems among doctors. The Cross-sectional research design was used for the current research. Sample of 201 post graduate and house officer doctors from the government hospitals sectors of Lahore, Punjab were selected through stratified sampling technique including both genders, male and female. Their age range was from 26 to 40. Results from the current research showed that “Religious coping” was the, mostly used coping strategy in the outcome of having the Interpersonal workplace strain and mental health problems among doctors. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that substance abuse and interpersonal workplace strain were found to be negative predictors of mental health problems in Doctors. Furthermore the results were discussed in the significance of its cultural context and the implications of this research will help for counsel the doctors.Item Perceived Parental Rearing Styles, Distress Tolerance and Mental Health Problems of University Students(University of Management & Technology, 2017) Maha AzharDistress Tolerance is described as the capacity to resist negative emotional states (Simons & Gaher, 2005), and is becoming a focus of clinical practitioners in recent years. The current study aimed to explore the culture specific experiences and manifestation of distress tolerance in university students and its relationship with perceived parental rearing styles and mental health problems. For this purpose, firstly, phenomenology was explored from 26 university students through open ended question that yielded a list of 60 items, followed by expert validation. After exclusion of repeated items and pilot study, a self-report measure was made having 52 items on 4 point Likert scale which was given to 300 university students with the age range of 16 25 years (M=20.05, SD=1.75) along with a demographic questionnaire, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21, Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), and EMBU-A (Perris, Jacobsson, Lindström, von Knorring, and Perris, 1980). Exploratory factor analysis revealed the 2-factor solution of Distress Tolerance Scale with acceptable level of psychometric properties. Hierarchical Regression Analyses have revealed that studying in a government university; experiencing maternal rejection and over-protection and having low distress tolerance level predicts more mental health problems. Similarly, maternal rejection and over-protection predicts low distress tolerance in university students. Results were discussed in terms of culture and gender differences with its clinical and counselling application.Item Parenting, criminal thinking styles, and identity among juvenile delinquents(University of Management and Technology, 2017) Fatima SanaThe current research was aimed at developing an inventory of criminal thinking styles for juvenile delinquents and determining the mediating role of parenting styles between juveniles' criminal thinking styles and criminal social identity. The total sample consisted of 211 juvenile delinquents from different prisons. An inventory was developed to assess criminal thinking among juvenile delinquents known as Juvenile Criminal Thinking Styles' Inventory that was comprised of three scales, namely Juvenile Social Alienation Scale, Juvenile Vindication Scale, and Juvenile Domination Scale. Each scale was explored, developed, and validated, separately. Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ; Buri, 1991; Babree, 1997) was used to examine the proposed mediating role of parenting styles between the relationship of criminal thinking styles and criminal social identity and Measure of Criminal Social Identity (MCSI; Boduszek et al., 2012; Shagufta, 2015) was used to examine the standardized direct and indirect relationship with criminal thinking through proposed mediators. The results indicated that the inventory found to have high internal consistency, convergent, and concurrent validities. Moreover, parenting styles, criminal thinking styles, and criminal social identity were significantly associated with each other, while parenting and social identity served as significant predictors of criminal thinking. Also, the parenting styles partially mediated the relationship of juveniles' criminal thinking and criminal social identity. The findings indicate that delinquents are likely to develop distorted thought patterns through the bonds with criminal peers and that this can be invoked by parental authority styles. Conclusively, the research outcomes are discussed in terms of the implications of criminal thinking styles for juvenile correctional counselling services and propose further research.