School of Science (SSC)

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A Study of TOPSIS in Classical, Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Environments
(University of Management and Technology, 2014) Muzammil Ali
Multi Criteria Decision Making uses different techniques to find a best alternative from multi-alternative and multi-criteria conditions. TOPSIS is an important practical technique for ranking and selection of different alternatives by using distance measures. Classical TOPSIS uses crisp techniques for the linguistic assessments, but due to imprecise and fuzziness nature of the linguistic assessments, there must be some tools to deal with the vague information. Therefore, it is necessary to involve fuzzy techniques (FS, IFS and NS). In this thesis, the algorithms of crisp TOSIS, Fuzzy TOPSIS, Intuitionistic Fuzzy TOPSIS and Neutrosophic TOPSIS are discussed. Examples related to each type of TOPSIS are solved. Finally, it is tried to compare all the discussed techniques.
Power production by salt gradient solar pond using brine and controlling pollution
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2015) Tania Rao
The pollution in present atmosphere has been damaging health and enhancing death number due to that almost in the entire world. There is another kind of pollution, not as much noticeable as the air pollution, which could be life threatening hazardous on the ground. This kind of pollution is created by the brine, produced in oil industry, which is disposed of without taking care of its hazardous effects. This type of pollution is proposed to be controlled by disposing of the brine in some useful manner. One of the effective ways of controlling the pollution is to utilize it in salt gradient solar pond. The objective of this study is to find out the source of Power Production in the form of Salt Gradient Solar Pond using Brine as well to overcome the pollution which is spread out by wastes of oil companies in consolidated brine.
Screening of radical scavenging activity of tanacetum parthenium 1
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2015) Elif Avcu
The medicinal plants are considered more effective as they have only few side effects as compared to synthetic drugs. The bioactive chemicals used to treat cancer were obtained from plants. In past many plants were used to treat many problems associated with pain and inflammations, respiratory problems, chronic, acute arthritis and joint pain. Tanacetum parthenium also called feverfew belong to Composite family (Asteraceae) and many chemical compounds were found in the feverfew. Tanacetum parthenium shows many types of activities like anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-oxidant. Tanacetum parthenium was used to treat different diseases in Europe including mental disorders, stomach ulcer and inflammatory problems and its methanolic extract was used to against breast cancer. The different extracts of Tanacetum parthenium was used as anticancer agent. The methanol extract of plant partitioned with ethyl acetate solvent has strong cytotoxic effect. The methanol extract of Tanacetum parthenium showed strong effective control as antioxidant. The consequences of the present study showed that phenolic mixes are great foragers of free radicals as exhibited by a decent connection of DPPH rummaging action with TPC, while concentrating on the concentrates of Tanacetum parthenium. Thus, distinctive distributed techniques have been utilized to quantify absolute cancer prevention agent movement by reducing free radicals. The aqueous and methanolic extracts were compared and different methods confirmed the strong free radical scavenging activity.
Development of environment friendly methods for textile dyeing
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2015) Zia UL Haq, Muhammad
This study primarily focused on the reduction of salt based pollutants during the dyeing of fabrics by using a biodegradable salt. Optimal process conditions have been achieved regarding quantity of biodegradable salt and color fastness of the dyed fabrics. The dyeing method used was pad steam dyeing and dye strength used was 20 g/L. Fabric samples were dyed by padding. After padding steaming was done in a steamer for around 60 seconds. After dyeing, washing off was carried out to remove any un-reacted dye. To remove any unfixed dye which might have been left after washing, the fabric was further boiled with dim ethyl form amide solution to strip off any unfixed dye on it. Good results have been obtained by using pad steam dyeing of fabric using bio-degradable salt such as Tri-sodium nitrilotriacetate which reduced the amount of salt in effluents to about 30%. The method for dyeing has been improved and tested on a pilot plant in a textile industry to check large scale useful uses of the salt and method at the same time. The study showed that the selected bio-degradable salt can be used for pad-steam dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes to take the place of conventional salt. Tri-sodium nitrilotriacetate gave better dye fixation and color fastness as compared to the conventional salts.
Harnessing of solar energy by Helio¬- aero gravity action
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2015) Shaheen, Tayyaba
The energy by Helio-aero-gravity action can be produced by choosing a plane area of land in a desert where solar radiation is bountiful. The land is covered with some diaphanous material. A solar chimney enclosing an air turbine is to be placed at the center of canopied land. At the boundary of the patch, the canopy should be kept above the ground allowing ample space for the entrance of air. The flat patch of land is heated by direct solar radiations entering through diaphanous cover. When air moves over the heated land surface it gets heated. As a result of pressure difference, the heated air will rise in the chimney and drive the turbine. The Helio-aero plant, in which the height and diameter of the chimney are 200 m and 10 m, respectively, and the diameter of the solar collector cover is 500 m, can produce 110 to 190 kW electric powers all year. Some parameters, like ambient temperature, height of chimney, diameter of collector, solar irradiance and the efficiency of turbine, etc. which affect the performance of power generation, are analyzed.
A study of Generalized Variational-like Inequalities in Normed Spaces for Pseudo-Monotone Type iii Operators
(University of Management and Technology, 2015) Talha Nazir, Muhammad
In this thesis, we shall review some existence results for solution of generlized variational like inequalities for Pseudo monotone type III operators. These results will be extensively and thourghly studied in normed spaces on non-compact sets.
Suppressing Air Pollution in Metropolitan City by Solar Chimney Using Helio-aero- gravity Principle
(University of Management and Technology, 2015) Sumaira Yaseen
Air pollution can be purified using solar chimney in a metropolitan city. Reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) from the atmosphere play an important role in these purifications. In this study a chimney is proposed to be constructed in the heart of the town, where the most polluted air needs to be cleaned. The water is sprayed on the top of the chimney that makes the air cool and denser. The cooled denser air descends to the bottom of the chimney where air turbines are placed. This air starts the turbine to produce electricity. The air is then passed through the filters which capture the particulate. To remove the undesirable gases the appropriate chemical reagents are placed at the bottom. Various routes of capturing CO2 and SO2 from the air are discussed physically and thermodynamically feasible. It is explained how large scale collection of these gases can be made using different reagents such as (NaOH, KOH, K2CO3 and Ca (OH)2) as possible sorbent. The cost estimate and energy producers are briefly discussed. Other quantities involved during this process as gas uptake, liquid flow rate, air flow rate, air pressure drops are discussed. This technique, in particular, is applied to Lahore to clean its air. For that purpose the environmental data for Lahore metropolitan area has been collected and analyzed. By using solar chimney approximately 30% air pollution can be reduced in Lahore city.
Synthesis of carbon nanoparticles by using seed oils and evaluation of their biological applications
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2015) Salman Muhsan, Muhammad
Synthesis of carbon nanoparticles was carried out by using different seed oils (mustard, olive, linseed, castor, almond, eucalyptus and cardamom oils). Simple combustion technique was applied and it was as efficient as other methods such as laser ablation, chemical vapor deposition, arc discharge. Nano particles of Carbon having nano range were synthesized by using the above stated oils by the help of this simplistic and inexpensive technique. The characterization was done by powder Thermo Gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR). The average size of carbon nanoparticles by using mustard oil, olive oil, linseed oil, almond oil, eucalyptus oil, lemon oil and cardamom oil was observed that was 18 nm, 24nm, 57nm, 3.46nm, 3.042nm, 4.69nm and 4.70nm respectively.as explored by using powder X-Ray Diffraction technique. Surface morphology of these synthesized carbon nanostructures was predicted by the help of scanning electron microscopy technique. The screening of these produced carbon nanoparticles was done for antibacterial activities against different species (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus haemolyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus refrigere) and productive results were obtained.
Yield calculation of positron emitters for high specific activity
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2015) Asim Nisar Sheikh
The development of longer lived positron emitter radionuclides,(termed as non-standard positron emitters) are required to study the metabolic processes, labelling of organic compounds leading to analogue tracers (e.g. with halogens) and quantification of targeted therapy. The decay characteristics of those non-standard positron emitters (half-lives, prompt emission of associated gamma rays, positron energy and positron decay fraction) determine the qualitative and quantitative accuracy (i.e. blurring, spatial resolution, sensitivity, radiation dose, etc.) of the image, which ultimately defines their possible utilization in PET. The radioisotopes can be used in clinical trials after standard bench marking. Yield calculation is an integral part of this business. In this work, we will select some positron emitters which may be potentially important in nuclear medicine. The reaction cross section data will lead to calculate the yields. The specific activity will be estimated keeping in view the impurity level in each isotope. The recommended reaction routes will be suggested for the production of selected isotopes for medical applications.
The effect of grain growth of electrode material on power output of alkali metal thermal electric converter
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2015) Anwar, Muhammad Talha
The Alkali Metal Thermal Electric Converter (AMTEC) is one of the most desirable device for directly converting heat into electrical energy among the thermal convertors. Electrode and electrolyte, components of AMTEC play an impotent role in the degradation of power output. This research work is focused on the electrodes of the AMTEC. Power output can be controlled by improving electrodes of the AMTEC for the use of long time operation. The effect of time of operation of AMTEC when operated continuously for 150,000 hours is studied on the degradation power output. The power output declines as, the time of operation increases. This is because of the electrode material. The grain size of the electrodes material increases with time of operation. The grain size increment reduces the power output. We examine values of grain size by keeping time of operation the same but vary the parameter “a”, the grain size increases with the increases of “a”. The degradation of power output occurs 28 % after 150000-hour operation. It is observed R_f remains almost constant for all time operation for smaller values of a = 1.141 × 〖10〗^9 but for higher values of “a”, R_f start increasing rapidly. The parameter “a” has been usually treated as constant for all practical purposes. It is proportional to a product of M_0 and γ_s. The value of γ_s decreases as the temperature increases, whereas M_0 increases as the temperature increases. As the mobility parameter “a” remains constant to some extent. However, when the temperature goes very high the parameter “a” may not remain constant as the proportionality of “a” to M_0 and γ_s is not of the same order. At high temperatures one may out weight the other and thus “a” may not remain constant at advanced temperatures. This works through has been done at one temperature ≈ 1023 K but analyzed the effect of “a” on the grain size and thus on power output. Power degrades as the grain size increases. For smaller values of parameter “a” grain size remains almost constant for all time of operation. But for higher values of “a “grain size increases rapidly, no matter for how long the operation is supported. So the degradation of power depends upon the increase in grain size and for the larger values of parameter “a”.
Analysis and treatment of leather industry wastewater
(University of Management and Technology, 2016) Aslam, Waqar
This research work illustrates the analysis and treatment of wastewater of leather industry using agricultural low cost material (rice husk, wheat straw) and animal charcoal. The sample of leather industry wastewater was collected from outlet pipes of the leather industry. During analysis of wastewater it was recorded that wastewater having pH 7.4, and contain high amount of BOD 115mg/L, TSS 740mg/L, COD 456mg/L and also high amount of metals such as Zinc (2mg/L), Lead (2mg/L) and Chromium (0.5 mg/L). These values were much greater than the National Environment and Quality Standards (NEQS) limits. To treat this wastewater wheat straw, animal charcoal and rice husk were used. Rice husk reduced pH to 6.9, TSS to 416 mg/L, COD to 180 mg/L, BOD to 56 mg/L, Zinc metal to 1 mg/L and Chromium metal to 0.1 mg/L which are within NEQS limits. Animal charcoal reduced pH to 6.1, TSS to 360 mg/L, COD to 168 mg/L, BOD to 67 mg/L, zinc metal to 1 mg/l and Chromium metal to 0.1 mg/L which are within NEQS limits. Wheat straw reduced pH to 6.7, COD to 175 mg/L, BOD 78 mg/L, Zinc ions to 1 mg/L and Chromium metal to 0.2 mg/L which are within NEQS limits. These methods were very cheaper and suitable to reduce such high amounts under NEQS limits. The concentration of Iron, TDS and electrical conductivity were also recorded for the wastewater sample but these values were already within NEQS limits. By using rice husk treatment the percentage removal of metals was recorded as Chromium of 60%, Zinc of 62%, Lead 50% and Iron 75%. By using wheat straw treatment the elimination of Chromium of 52%, Zinc was observed up to 48%, Lead as 53% and Iron as 50%. By using animal charcoal treatment the percentage removal of Chromium, Zinc, Lead and Iron were achieved up to 30%, 15%, 17% and 31% respectively.
Comparative study of fuzzy soft matrix (FSM) and interval valued fuzzy soft matrix (IVFSM) in Decision making
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Zulqarnain, Muhammad
In this work, we study soft matrices (SMs), FSM and IVFSM. First of all, we use FSM and the IVFSM in decision making problem with examples. Secondly, we compare results which are found by FSM and IVFSM and see that the values by FSM method do not lie in the intervals which are found by IVFSM. Finally, for perfect comparison of FSM and IVFSM in decision making, we redefined the product of IVFSM. Now we see that FSM is more appropriate for decision making.
Incidence and antibiotic resistance pattern of E.coli in different clinical specimens
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Sidra Marium
Antibiotic drug resistance is a major public problem which leads to the ban on many antibiotics. The objective of the present study was to determine the incidence and antibiotic resistance pattern of E.coli in different clinical specimens. 800 samples of urine, tracheal secretion, wound and blood were collected. The microbe identification was carried out by using standard method. The antibiotic resistance pattern of E.coli were determined through Disk diffusion method. The result showed the maximum incidence of E.coli was observed in urinary tract infection. The maximum antibiotic resistance was observed for cefixime 90% followed by co-trimaxazole 89.6%, ciprofloxacin 85.7%, ceftriaxone 84.2%, ceftaidime 80.3%, amoxicillin+clav 73.2%, tobramycin 44%, pipercillin+tazob 20%, imipenam 12.6% and amikacin 122.2%. Maximum sensitivity was showed by amikacin 87.7% and imipenam 87.3%, cefoprazone+sul 84.6%, pipercillin+tazob 80%, tobramycin 55.2%. This study showed that single antibiotic showed different resistance pattern according to different sites of infection. This proved that single antibiotic cannot be used for different infection sites. The incidence pattern of E.coli was changing according to time period. E.coli changing resistance pattern is need to be addressed.
Incidence and resistance pattern of bacteria associated with urinary track infection in Pakistan
(University of Management and Technolog, 2016) Mahvish Kabir
Background: Urinary track infection is on of the most common type of infection in Pakistan. Poor knowledge about personal hygiene, lack of awareness about diet and unavailability of clean drinking water are major reasons of this infection. Varieties of infectious agents are responsible for UTI incidence but in present study E. coli and K. pneumonia were main causative agent of infection in majority of cases. This high prevalence of E. coli and Klebsiella in UTI patients is because of its resistance towards different antibiotics. These strains contains β-lactamases enzyme which provides resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Prevalence and incidence of these bacteria is different in different region of the world. In present study bacterial resistance and susceptibility has been determined in UTI produced by E. coli and Klebsiella species against different antibiotics. Method: Total 250 samples were obtained from patients suffering from urinary track infection from Genomic Research Lab and Diagnostic Center Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The samples were tested for presence of different microbial infectious agents. Samples had been tested for the presence of different pathogenic bacteria by using various kinds of biochemical test such as Gram staining, Lactose fermentation test, Motility test, Catalase test and Colony formation on MacConkey agar, Indole test, Citrate utilization test. The susceptibility pattern and resistance pattern had also been evaluated by using fourteen different antibiotics. Mullar Higton agar was used for the determination of susceptibility and resistance pattern. The susceptibility and resistance pattern had also been determined for each type of bacterial strain. The effect of each antibiotic had been tested on various samples and results were compiled to determine which antibiotic was most effective against UTI. Result: Fourteen antibiotics were used for susceptibility while ten antibiotics were selected at a cut off value of 100 samples for E. coli and 20 samples for Klebsiella, then these samples were tested and their results were compared against each type of antibiotic on E. coli and K. species. The result showed that the effect of one antibiotic against various infection agents was not same its susceptibility varies with the type of infectious microbe. Over all, the most susceptible antibiotic was Amikacin with 93.5% susceptibility while the most resistant was shown against Ciprofloxacin with 76.8% resistance. The results in case of E. coli showed that the most susceptible antibiotic was Imipenam with 97.5% susceptibility and most resistance was against Ciprofloxacin 81.7% resistance. Where as against K. species most susceptible antibiotic was Amikacin with 94.9% susceptibility and most resistant was against Tobramycin with 76.1% resistance.. Conclusion: It is concluded from the present study that the effect of each antibiotic is different with respect to type of infectious agent; therefore, it is recommended that the doctor should determine the prime type of infectious agent and its susceptibility response before prescription of any antibiotic. It will help to cure the disease in most effective way. This study confirms that the susceptibility pattern varies from person to person. More over comparison with pervious studies had shown an increase in resistance against various antibiotics. It is suggested that these kinds of studies should be conducted on the large scale to determine the susceptibility of antibiotics against each kind of infection at national level.
Doctor Discoverer
(University of Management and Technolog, 2016) Fatima, Mehak; Maqsood, Rafia; Zaid-ur-Rehman; Azher, Muhammd; Salman Zahid, Muhammad
Doctor Discoverer is an application for social welfare concerning to doctors and patients. It provides a platform to healthcare providers and health seekers to connect with each other without the involvement of a third party. Patients can find the physician best suitable and nearest to them with a tap of finger instead of waiting in long lines to have an appointment and doctors stand a chance to promote themselves outside the boundary of hospital. The system is available for web, android and iPhone users to have healthcare in their pockets. Its features include search doctor by name and by category, book appointment by call and record it in calendar to get alerts. Furthermore, doctors and patients can reach to us by giving feedback. Apart from this, it also provides health blog with beneficial tips and health articles to adopt a healthy lifestyle. This document covers all the detailed requirements and design specifications of the project along with complete testing to verify if desired functionality is achieved.
Analysis and treatment of gelatin industry wastewater
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Ahmad, Kabir
The study is based on the analysis of the gelatin industry waste and their possible treatments to make it less hazardous. The wastewater of gelatin industry show alkaline nature, high levels of total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand and also contains toxic metals such as Lead and Chromium. This research is based on the possible and cheaper treatment of wastewater of gelatin industry using agricultural waste (rice husk, wheat straw) and animal charcoal. The samples were collected from outlet of gelatin factory. The wastewater contain pH 8.5, TDS values 1700mg/lit, EC 408µs/cm, TSS 720mg/lit, COD 478mg/lit, BOD 120mg/lit, Cr 1.4mg/lit, Pb 8.9mg/lit and Fe 8.3mg/lit. This wastewater was passed through a bed of (0.5mm thick) rice husk, wheat straw and animal charcoal.The results of treated wastewater were quite promising. By using rice husk treatment, pH changed to 6.5, EC 240µs/cm, COD value to 80 mg/lit, BOD value to 65mg/lit, TDS 768mg/lit and TSS 138mg/lit, Cr 0.13mg/lit, Pb 4.1 And Fe 4.6mg/lit. By using wheat straw treatment pH reached to 6.9 while EC 274µs/cm, COD 124mg/lit, BOD 72mg/lit, TDS 930mg/lit and TSS 142mg/lit, Cr 0.05mg/lit, Pb 0.4mg/lit and Fe 4.8mg/lit. By using animal charcoal treatment pH changed up to 7.3, EC 250µs/cm, COD 130mg/lit, BOD 78mg/lit, TDS 870 mg/lit and TSS 140mg/lit, Cr 0.09mg/lit, Pb 2.1mg/lit and Fe 5.2mg/lit.
Synthesis and charecterization of copper-doped nickle oxide nanophotocatalysts for degradation of erichrome black-t and methylene blue
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Ahmad, Zaheer
To improve the photocatalytic activity of NiO nanoparticles, Cu doped NiO nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. The UV-Visible spectroscopy was used to measure the photocatalytic activity. The nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, DRS and FT-IR. XRD results showed that the peaks were broadened by introduction of Cu. XRD measurements showed that the peak intensity was decreased as nickel onide nanoparticles were doped with copper. The peak broadness in XRD spectra for doped particles showed the loss of crystallinity. The size of CuO, NiO and Cu doped nickel oxide as calculated by Sherrer’s fomula were 11.3 nm, 9.1 nm and 2.4 nm respectively. FT-IR spectra for doped NiO nanoparticles showed that no extra peak was appeared. The DRS spectra indicated that band gap decrease due to cu doping of NiO nanoparticles lead the enhancement of activity of photocatalytic degradation. Degradation of methylene blue MB and erichrome Black-T under visible light was applied to appraise the photocatalytic activity. When NiO nanoparticles were doped with CuO nanoparticles, the band gap was shifted to lesser value of 2.08 eV than 2.29 eV for pure NiO nanoparticles. Lowering band gap will be responsible for degradation of dyes.
Analysis and treatment of paper industry wastewater
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Shehzad, Aamir
With the development of industries the environment is affected by elimination of huge amount of waste water in ponds, rivers, streams and oceans. The waste water of paper industry show alkaline nature, high levels of TDS, TSS, EC, COD and BOD, also contains toxic metals such as Lead and Zinc. This research show that the analysis and treatment of waste water of paper industry using agricultural waste (rice husk, wheat straw) and animal charcoal. The sample was collected from outlet of pulp and paper mill. The untreated waste water had pH 7.4, TDS values 1488mg/lit, EC 408µs/cm, TSS 720mg/lit, COD 478mg/lit and BOD 120mg/lit. The results of treated waste water were quite different than untreated wastewater. By using rice husk treatment, pH changed to 6.9, EC 241µs/cm, COD value to 182 mg/lit, BOD value to 61mg/lit, TDS 856mg/lit and TSS 431mg/lit. By using wheat straw treatment pH reached to 6.7 while EC 280µs/cm, COD 180mg/lit, BOD 82mg/lit, TDS 950mg/lit and TSS 520mg/lit. By using animal charcoal treatment pH changed up to 6.8, EC 228µs/cm, COD 163mg/lit, BOD 70mg/lit, TDS 707 mg/lit and TSS 380mg/lit. The results shown by animal charcoal treatment in the reducing the wastes from effluents were better than other two treatments. The elimination of Zn, Pb and Fe from waste water were studied via rice husk, wheat straw and animal charcoal treatment. The experiment was conducted by using spectrophotometer. By using rice husk treatment the percentage removal of metals was recorded as Zinc of 62%, Lead 50% and Iron 75%. By using wheat straw treatment the elimination of Zinc was observed up to 48%, Lead as 53% and Iron as 50%. By using animal charcoal treatment the percentage removing of Zinc, Lead and Iron were achieved up to15%, 17% and 31%respectively.
Energy from salt gradient solar pond
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Muhammad Afzal Dogar
Pakistanis deficient in power supply according to demand. However, thereisan abundant source of energy available in this country. Solar energy is available almost throughout the year everywhere in Pakistan. The question is how to harness it within Pakistan, sustain and use it. Salt gradient solar pond (SGSP) is one of the viable sources to harness solar energy and store it as well. The materials for this technology are abundantly available in Pakistan. As a backyard experiment, a small and simple salt gradient solar pond (SGSP) is constructed. The cost analysis for making Salt Gradient Solar Pond(SGSP) in Pakistanis practically performed. This is something which may solve the energy problems in Pakistan, somewhat partially if not entirely. The use of SGSP is also a promising process to reduce the environmental pollution in Pakistan.
Role of mercury toxicity in kidney disease incidence in Pakistan
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Abubakar, Muhammad
High level of mercury can cause severe effects on kidneys including mental disorder. If its level exceeded from 50 µg/dL then it can be very harmful for people. Goal of the present study is to evaluate serum uric acid as biomarker like blood urea and serum creatinine biomarkers of kidney disorder and to check the co-relation of abnormal level of mercury with serum creatinine, serum urea and serum uric acid. Methods: Hundred subjects were randomly enlisted in this study, having kidney disorders, for example, renal disorder, and co-relation of mercury with biomarkers was analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Results: Serum uric acid level was raised in 55 patients while blood urea and serum creatinine level was found in 72 and 83 patients individually. High serum uric acid concentration was observed in 70.73% females (p=0.0003) and 44.07% males (p=0.2692). The co-relation between mercury (Hg), serum creatinine, serum urea and serum uric acid was found insignificant. Conclusion: co-relation between mercury (Hg), serum creatinine, serum urea and serum uric acid level was insignificant. Serum uric acid is raised up to high level in patients with impeded renal function in all members. Higher levels of serum uric acid were not essentially associated with serum creatinine and blood urea level in all patients.

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