School of Science (SSC)

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A Study of TOPSIS in Classical, Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Environments
(University of Management and Technology, 2014) Muzammil Ali
Multi Criteria Decision Making uses different techniques to find a best alternative from multi-alternative and multi-criteria conditions. TOPSIS is an important practical technique for ranking and selection of different alternatives by using distance measures. Classical TOPSIS uses crisp techniques for the linguistic assessments, but due to imprecise and fuzziness nature of the linguistic assessments, there must be some tools to deal with the vague information. Therefore, it is necessary to involve fuzzy techniques (FS, IFS and NS). In this thesis, the algorithms of crisp TOSIS, Fuzzy TOPSIS, Intuitionistic Fuzzy TOPSIS and Neutrosophic TOPSIS are discussed. Examples related to each type of TOPSIS are solved. Finally, it is tried to compare all the discussed techniques.
Screening of radical scavenging activity of tanacetum parthenium 1
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2015) Elif Avcu
The medicinal plants are considered more effective as they have only few side effects as compared to synthetic drugs. The bioactive chemicals used to treat cancer were obtained from plants. In past many plants were used to treat many problems associated with pain and inflammations, respiratory problems, chronic, acute arthritis and joint pain. Tanacetum parthenium also called feverfew belong to Composite family (Asteraceae) and many chemical compounds were found in the feverfew. Tanacetum parthenium shows many types of activities like anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-oxidant. Tanacetum parthenium was used to treat different diseases in Europe including mental disorders, stomach ulcer and inflammatory problems and its methanolic extract was used to against breast cancer. The different extracts of Tanacetum parthenium was used as anticancer agent. The methanol extract of plant partitioned with ethyl acetate solvent has strong cytotoxic effect. The methanol extract of Tanacetum parthenium showed strong effective control as antioxidant. The consequences of the present study showed that phenolic mixes are great foragers of free radicals as exhibited by a decent connection of DPPH rummaging action with TPC, while concentrating on the concentrates of Tanacetum parthenium. Thus, distinctive distributed techniques have been utilized to quantify absolute cancer prevention agent movement by reducing free radicals. The aqueous and methanolic extracts were compared and different methods confirmed the strong free radical scavenging activity.
Power production by salt gradient solar pond using brine and controlling pollution
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2015) Tania Rao
The pollution in present atmosphere has been damaging health and enhancing death number due to that almost in the entire world. There is another kind of pollution, not as much noticeable as the air pollution, which could be life threatening hazardous on the ground. This kind of pollution is created by the brine, produced in oil industry, which is disposed of without taking care of its hazardous effects. This type of pollution is proposed to be controlled by disposing of the brine in some useful manner. One of the effective ways of controlling the pollution is to utilize it in salt gradient solar pond. The objective of this study is to find out the source of Power Production in the form of Salt Gradient Solar Pond using Brine as well to overcome the pollution which is spread out by wastes of oil companies in consolidated brine.
Development of environment friendly methods for textile dyeing
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2015) Zia UL Haq, Muhammad
This study primarily focused on the reduction of salt based pollutants during the dyeing of fabrics by using a biodegradable salt. Optimal process conditions have been achieved regarding quantity of biodegradable salt and color fastness of the dyed fabrics. The dyeing method used was pad steam dyeing and dye strength used was 20 g/L. Fabric samples were dyed by padding. After padding steaming was done in a steamer for around 60 seconds. After dyeing, washing off was carried out to remove any un-reacted dye. To remove any unfixed dye which might have been left after washing, the fabric was further boiled with dim ethyl form amide solution to strip off any unfixed dye on it. Good results have been obtained by using pad steam dyeing of fabric using bio-degradable salt such as Tri-sodium nitrilotriacetate which reduced the amount of salt in effluents to about 30%. The method for dyeing has been improved and tested on a pilot plant in a textile industry to check large scale useful uses of the salt and method at the same time. The study showed that the selected bio-degradable salt can be used for pad-steam dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes to take the place of conventional salt. Tri-sodium nitrilotriacetate gave better dye fixation and color fastness as compared to the conventional salts.
Yield calculation of positron emitters for high specific activity
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2015) Asim Nisar Sheikh
The development of longer lived positron emitter radionuclides,(termed as non-standard positron emitters) are required to study the metabolic processes, labelling of organic compounds leading to analogue tracers (e.g. with halogens) and quantification of targeted therapy. The decay characteristics of those non-standard positron emitters (half-lives, prompt emission of associated gamma rays, positron energy and positron decay fraction) determine the qualitative and quantitative accuracy (i.e. blurring, spatial resolution, sensitivity, radiation dose, etc.) of the image, which ultimately defines their possible utilization in PET. The radioisotopes can be used in clinical trials after standard bench marking. Yield calculation is an integral part of this business. In this work, we will select some positron emitters which may be potentially important in nuclear medicine. The reaction cross section data will lead to calculate the yields. The specific activity will be estimated keeping in view the impurity level in each isotope. The recommended reaction routes will be suggested for the production of selected isotopes for medical applications.
Harnessing of solar energy by Helio¬- aero gravity action
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2015) Shaheen, Tayyaba
The energy by Helio-aero-gravity action can be produced by choosing a plane area of land in a desert where solar radiation is bountiful. The land is covered with some diaphanous material. A solar chimney enclosing an air turbine is to be placed at the center of canopied land. At the boundary of the patch, the canopy should be kept above the ground allowing ample space for the entrance of air. The flat patch of land is heated by direct solar radiations entering through diaphanous cover. When air moves over the heated land surface it gets heated. As a result of pressure difference, the heated air will rise in the chimney and drive the turbine. The Helio-aero plant, in which the height and diameter of the chimney are 200 m and 10 m, respectively, and the diameter of the solar collector cover is 500 m, can produce 110 to 190 kW electric powers all year. Some parameters, like ambient temperature, height of chimney, diameter of collector, solar irradiance and the efficiency of turbine, etc. which affect the performance of power generation, are analyzed.
Synthesis of carbon nanoparticles by using seed oils and evaluation of their biological applications
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2015) Salman Muhsan, Muhammad
Synthesis of carbon nanoparticles was carried out by using different seed oils (mustard, olive, linseed, castor, almond, eucalyptus and cardamom oils). Simple combustion technique was applied and it was as efficient as other methods such as laser ablation, chemical vapor deposition, arc discharge. Nano particles of Carbon having nano range were synthesized by using the above stated oils by the help of this simplistic and inexpensive technique. The characterization was done by powder Thermo Gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR). The average size of carbon nanoparticles by using mustard oil, olive oil, linseed oil, almond oil, eucalyptus oil, lemon oil and cardamom oil was observed that was 18 nm, 24nm, 57nm, 3.46nm, 3.042nm, 4.69nm and 4.70nm respectively.as explored by using powder X-Ray Diffraction technique. Surface morphology of these synthesized carbon nanostructures was predicted by the help of scanning electron microscopy technique. The screening of these produced carbon nanoparticles was done for antibacterial activities against different species (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus haemolyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus refrigere) and productive results were obtained.
A study of Generalized Variational-like Inequalities in Normed Spaces for Pseudo-Monotone Type iii Operators
(University of Management and Technology, 2015) Talha Nazir, Muhammad
In this thesis, we shall review some existence results for solution of generlized variational like inequalities for Pseudo monotone type III operators. These results will be extensively and thourghly studied in normed spaces on non-compact sets.
Suppressing Air Pollution in Metropolitan City by Solar Chimney Using Helio-aero- gravity Principle
(University of Management and Technology, 2015) Sumaira Yaseen
Air pollution can be purified using solar chimney in a metropolitan city. Reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) from the atmosphere play an important role in these purifications. In this study a chimney is proposed to be constructed in the heart of the town, where the most polluted air needs to be cleaned. The water is sprayed on the top of the chimney that makes the air cool and denser. The cooled denser air descends to the bottom of the chimney where air turbines are placed. This air starts the turbine to produce electricity. The air is then passed through the filters which capture the particulate. To remove the undesirable gases the appropriate chemical reagents are placed at the bottom. Various routes of capturing CO2 and SO2 from the air are discussed physically and thermodynamically feasible. It is explained how large scale collection of these gases can be made using different reagents such as (NaOH, KOH, K2CO3 and Ca (OH)2) as possible sorbent. The cost estimate and energy producers are briefly discussed. Other quantities involved during this process as gas uptake, liquid flow rate, air flow rate, air pressure drops are discussed. This technique, in particular, is applied to Lahore to clean its air. For that purpose the environmental data for Lahore metropolitan area has been collected and analyzed. By using solar chimney approximately 30% air pollution can be reduced in Lahore city.
The effect of grain growth of electrode material on power output of alkali metal thermal electric converter
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2015) Anwar, Muhammad Talha
The Alkali Metal Thermal Electric Converter (AMTEC) is one of the most desirable device for directly converting heat into electrical energy among the thermal convertors. Electrode and electrolyte, components of AMTEC play an impotent role in the degradation of power output. This research work is focused on the electrodes of the AMTEC. Power output can be controlled by improving electrodes of the AMTEC for the use of long time operation. The effect of time of operation of AMTEC when operated continuously for 150,000 hours is studied on the degradation power output. The power output declines as, the time of operation increases. This is because of the electrode material. The grain size of the electrodes material increases with time of operation. The grain size increment reduces the power output. We examine values of grain size by keeping time of operation the same but vary the parameter “a”, the grain size increases with the increases of “a”. The degradation of power output occurs 28 % after 150000-hour operation. It is observed R_f remains almost constant for all time operation for smaller values of a = 1.141 × 〖10〗^9 but for higher values of “a”, R_f start increasing rapidly. The parameter “a” has been usually treated as constant for all practical purposes. It is proportional to a product of M_0 and γ_s. The value of γ_s decreases as the temperature increases, whereas M_0 increases as the temperature increases. As the mobility parameter “a” remains constant to some extent. However, when the temperature goes very high the parameter “a” may not remain constant as the proportionality of “a” to M_0 and γ_s is not of the same order. At high temperatures one may out weight the other and thus “a” may not remain constant at advanced temperatures. This works through has been done at one temperature ≈ 1023 K but analyzed the effect of “a” on the grain size and thus on power output. Power degrades as the grain size increases. For smaller values of parameter “a” grain size remains almost constant for all time of operation. But for higher values of “a “grain size increases rapidly, no matter for how long the operation is supported. So the degradation of power depends upon the increase in grain size and for the larger values of parameter “a”.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Applications of Amoxicillin Trihydrate Complexes with Copper (Ii), Iron (Ii), Manganese (Ii)
(University of Management & Technology, 2016) Shoukat, Samia
Diseases are the challenge for human being as old as man himself. In every era of life people try to overcome and cure these diseases. For that purpose plants are the natural resources of drugs which are produced during different process of life as by-product. Amoxicillin is an antibiotic drug of class penicillin. The first Amoxicillin became presented in 1972. On the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, it is the most important medications needed in a basic health system. One of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in children. Amoxicillin is available as a generic medication. It is usually the drug of choice within the class because it is better-absorbed, following oral administration, than other β-lactam antibiotics. This drug acts by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It inhibits cross-linkage between the linear peptidoglycan polymer chains that make up basic component of the cell walls of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Amoxicillin has three ionisable groups in the physiological range i.e. amino group, amide carbonyl group and the carboxyl group. Amoxicillinis active with both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The lactam ring inhibits bacterial growth by proteolysis mechanism. This antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by microorganisms. Amoxicillin degraded its β-lactam ring and produced clavulanic acid to increase its susceptibility in the presence of β-lactamase. Amoxicillin is a very popular, safe antibiotic. Copper come from its ability to control the growth of organisms. This occurs when copper is biologically available in required concentration. Copper has been established to be an effective antibacterial, antiplaque agent in mouthwashes and toothpastes. Copper also continues to be widely used for the control of unwanted organisms in fish farming (Chain, 1940). Copper antifouling agents used on fish net pens.Copper is stemming from their potential use as antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antitumor agents, enzyme inhibitors or chemical nucleases. The biochemical action of copper complexes with anti-Bacterial drugs has been studied. Numerous copper showing greater anti-inflammatory activity, as well as reduced toxicity compared to the uncomplexed drug, have been prepared and structurally characterized. Copper also helpful in the design and production of antiviral and antibacterial materials, able to deactivate viruses and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Study of fluoride in drinking water of district Kasur
(University of Management and Technology, 2016) Ali, Imran
This study was carried out to investigate fluoride concentration in the 23 drinking water schemes of District Kasur, Punjab Pakistan. The recommended legal level of fluoride by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Pakistan Standard and Quality Control Authority (PSQCA) is 1.5 ppm in drinking water. Fluoride pollution in drinking water causes many negative effects on the development of the natural body. APHA analyzing standards were observed completely. Study was conducted by the cooperation of PCRWR Lahore divisional water quality labs. Colorimeter DR2800 was used for fluoride analysis. It was found that 20 samples of the targeted area were fit for drinking purpose with permissible limits i.e. less than 1.5 ppm, while three samples from areas (Bhilla face, Khudian and Rasoolpur village) were found with higher concentrations of fluoride and rendered unfit for drinking purpose.
Role of mercury toxicity in kidney disease incidence in Pakistan
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Abubakar, Muhammad
High level of mercury can cause severe effects on kidneys including mental disorder. If its level exceeded from 50 µg/dL then it can be very harmful for people. Goal of the present study is to evaluate serum uric acid as biomarker like blood urea and serum creatinine biomarkers of kidney disorder and to check the co-relation of abnormal level of mercury with serum creatinine, serum urea and serum uric acid. Methods: Hundred subjects were randomly enlisted in this study, having kidney disorders, for example, renal disorder, and co-relation of mercury with biomarkers was analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Results: Serum uric acid level was raised in 55 patients while blood urea and serum creatinine level was found in 72 and 83 patients individually. High serum uric acid concentration was observed in 70.73% females (p=0.0003) and 44.07% males (p=0.2692). The co-relation between mercury (Hg), serum creatinine, serum urea and serum uric acid was found insignificant. Conclusion: co-relation between mercury (Hg), serum creatinine, serum urea and serum uric acid level was insignificant. Serum uric acid is raised up to high level in patients with impeded renal function in all members. Higher levels of serum uric acid were not essentially associated with serum creatinine and blood urea level in all patients.
Impact of water quality on properties of parboiled rice
(University of Management and Technolog, 2016) Nisar, Sajida
Different improved physical qualities have been observed at TDS, hardness, total chlorides contents and moisture contents of all water samples were carefully analyzed. The length, width and breadth of the processed rice from all these mills were determined the length of rice from Khokhar rice mills, Allahmadad rice mills and Ayesha rice mills was maximum boiled that of rice processed at Fatima rice mills was minimum. The width of rice processed at Allahmadad rice mills was maximum while the width of rice at Anwar rice mills was minimum among all samples. Breadth was also analyzed and it was found that the breadth of rice processed at Allahmadad rice mills was significantly better than rest of races samples. It was found that water quality having TDS 4500-6000, hardness 440 and chloride 580 was proved very good for processing of rice. The parboiling with gelatinizing of starch of rice gives an additional strength to rice grains which results in enhanced resistance of rice grains against pressure exerted during the paddy trashing procedure. The moisture contents also having cast impact on the high production of head rice. It was found that head rice having moisture contents of grains up to 14 to 16% proved increase yield of head rice. The main source of water in the rice mill is underground water. So, the quality of water varies from place to place in different regions of Pakistan. The underground water has different dissolved salts concentration, different pH, different ions such as chlorides, carbonate and bicarbonate. Presence of chlorides from 800 to 2000 in raw water was proved better impact on rice qualities
Energy from Salt Gradient Solar Pond:
(University of Management and Technology, 2016) Qaisar Abbas
For the useful conversion of solar energy solar ponds are probably one of the simplest technologies available. Solar ponds have been used for many applications like conversion of solar energy into thermal and electrical energy. These conversions are economically viable and technically feasible particularly in Pakistan. Pakistanis an agricultural country and swirly facing waterlogging and salinity problem, which is a drag to economy. Almost 43% of the area in Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) is classified as waterlogged having depth to water table less than 3m.To demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility of solar pond in Pakistanwater samples are taken from the villages near Hudiara drain Lahore. Then quality of water samples is tested and found highly saline. It is proposed to construct salt gradient solar ponds in villages near Hudiara drain Lahore by using saline water from the underground of the water logged area. By utilization of energy obtained from salt gradient solar pond, we can pump out the underground saline water and use that water for next solar pond, whose energy can be used again to repeat the same cycle. This may be continued till all the logged water is drained out. This way the logged and saline land can be turned into the land suitable for agriculture purpose.
Molecular detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in environmental samples and mutational analysis of pncA gene by multiplex allele specific PCR
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Salim, Saema
Tuberculosis (TB) has reemerged as one of the main sources of death in the most recent decade. Tuberculosis (TB), one of the basic human diseases, brought about by species from Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, creating 3,000,000 deaths for each year around the world (WHO, 1996). Five species are included in MTBC. These are M. tuberculosis, M. canetti, M. bovis, M. microtiand M. africanum. The spread of TB is because of migration, the rise of drug resistant strains. This studyis aimed to identify the M. tuberculosis and M. bovisin environmental samples (drinking water, sewerage water, hospital waste) and bovine milk samples using PCR method. DNA was extracted from bovine milk samples, drinking water samples (tape water), hospital waste (waste water) and sewerage samples. The primers M and S were used to generate amplicons of sizes 318 and 291 bp which represented M. tuberculosis and M. bovisrespectively. 55 samples of milk were tested and the prevalence of TB in these samples was 5.4%. 30 samples of drinking water were tested in this study and the prevalence of TB in these samples was 3.3%. 5 samples of waste water from hospitals were tested and the prevalence of TB in these samples was 40%. 10 samples of sewerage water were tested and the prevalence of TB in these samples was 40%. The mutations of pncAgene were analyzed in these positive TB samples. Pyrazinamide (PZA) is an important first-line drug in the treatment of MDR-TB. These TB positive samples were subjected to multiplex allele specific PCR. Two mutations were targeted in this study with one being the leucine replaced by proline in the amino acid position 85 and the other being the aspartate changing to alanine in the amino acid position 12. The substitution being the as partate to alanine at amino acid 12 was more frequent as compared to substitution being the leucine replaced by proline in the amino acid position 85. Presence of TB in these samples is a great health hazard. So control measures are required to stop the transmission of TB.
Identification of serum uric acid level as biomarker of kidney disease
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Mustafa, Azeem
High serum uric acid (SUA) level can cause serious health problems including renal insufficiency. High SUA level is associated with many diseases including Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity. Objective of the present study was to evaluate serum uric acid as biomarker like blood urea and serum creatinine biomarkers of kidney diseases. Methods: Hundred subjects were randomly enrolled in this study, having kidney diseases such as renal failure, kidney stone, hematuria and proteinuria. Results: Serum uric acid level was elevated in 55 patients while blood urea and serum Creation level was found raise in 72 and 83 patients respectively. High serum uric acid value was observed significant in 70.73% females (p=0.0003) and 44.07% males (p=0.2692).
Removal of copper ions from polluted Water by activated carbon
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Ashraf, Fakhra
There are many sources of water pollution. Most of them are city sewage and industrial waste which are removed in rivers, sea and canals etc. Heavy metals released in the environment that create global problem. Water pollution is damage of streams, lakes, underground water, sounds, or seas by substances unsafe to living things. Removal of copper ion is done by activated carbon. The process is use for their removal of copper. Metal are removed by using activated carbon. By using oxidizer as adsorbent metals are removed from aqueous solution. The major advantage of activated carbon is inexpensive and cheap. The main point of this work was to achievement low cost and effective adsorbents for the removal of Cu using tamarind stone carbon. It was detected from the experimental results that almost 90percent copper can be separate from the solution. Adsorption have been examined as a purpose of initial Cu (II) ion concentration, Particle size, pH and temperature. Data were studied using spectrophotometer. On the basis of experimental results it can be concluded that the carbonaceous tamarind is effective for the elimination of Cu (II) from solution.
Incidence and resistance pattern of bacteria associated with urinary track infection in Pakistan
(University of Management and Technolog, 2016) Mahvish Kabir
Background: Urinary track infection is on of the most common type of infection in Pakistan. Poor knowledge about personal hygiene, lack of awareness about diet and unavailability of clean drinking water are major reasons of this infection. Varieties of infectious agents are responsible for UTI incidence but in present study E. coli and K. pneumonia were main causative agent of infection in majority of cases. This high prevalence of E. coli and Klebsiella in UTI patients is because of its resistance towards different antibiotics. These strains contains β-lactamases enzyme which provides resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Prevalence and incidence of these bacteria is different in different region of the world. In present study bacterial resistance and susceptibility has been determined in UTI produced by E. coli and Klebsiella species against different antibiotics. Method: Total 250 samples were obtained from patients suffering from urinary track infection from Genomic Research Lab and Diagnostic Center Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The samples were tested for presence of different microbial infectious agents. Samples had been tested for the presence of different pathogenic bacteria by using various kinds of biochemical test such as Gram staining, Lactose fermentation test, Motility test, Catalase test and Colony formation on MacConkey agar, Indole test, Citrate utilization test. The susceptibility pattern and resistance pattern had also been evaluated by using fourteen different antibiotics. Mullar Higton agar was used for the determination of susceptibility and resistance pattern. The susceptibility and resistance pattern had also been determined for each type of bacterial strain. The effect of each antibiotic had been tested on various samples and results were compiled to determine which antibiotic was most effective against UTI. Result: Fourteen antibiotics were used for susceptibility while ten antibiotics were selected at a cut off value of 100 samples for E. coli and 20 samples for Klebsiella, then these samples were tested and their results were compared against each type of antibiotic on E. coli and K. species. The result showed that the effect of one antibiotic against various infection agents was not same its susceptibility varies with the type of infectious microbe. Over all, the most susceptible antibiotic was Amikacin with 93.5% susceptibility while the most resistant was shown against Ciprofloxacin with 76.8% resistance. The results in case of E. coli showed that the most susceptible antibiotic was Imipenam with 97.5% susceptibility and most resistance was against Ciprofloxacin 81.7% resistance. Where as against K. species most susceptible antibiotic was Amikacin with 94.9% susceptibility and most resistant was against Tobramycin with 76.1% resistance.. Conclusion: It is concluded from the present study that the effect of each antibiotic is different with respect to type of infectious agent; therefore, it is recommended that the doctor should determine the prime type of infectious agent and its susceptibility response before prescription of any antibiotic. It will help to cure the disease in most effective way. This study confirms that the susceptibility pattern varies from person to person. More over comparison with pervious studies had shown an increase in resistance against various antibiotics. It is suggested that these kinds of studies should be conducted on the large scale to determine the susceptibility of antibiotics against each kind of infection at national level.
Analysis and treatment of gelatin industry wastewater
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Ahmad, Kabir
The study is based on the analysis of the gelatin industry waste and their possible treatments to make it less hazardous. The wastewater of gelatin industry show alkaline nature, high levels of total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand and also contains toxic metals such as Lead and Chromium. This research is based on the possible and cheaper treatment of wastewater of gelatin industry using agricultural waste (rice husk, wheat straw) and animal charcoal. The samples were collected from outlet of gelatin factory. The wastewater contain pH 8.5, TDS values 1700mg/lit, EC 408µs/cm, TSS 720mg/lit, COD 478mg/lit, BOD 120mg/lit, Cr 1.4mg/lit, Pb 8.9mg/lit and Fe 8.3mg/lit. This wastewater was passed through a bed of (0.5mm thick) rice husk, wheat straw and animal charcoal.The results of treated wastewater were quite promising. By using rice husk treatment, pH changed to 6.5, EC 240µs/cm, COD value to 80 mg/lit, BOD value to 65mg/lit, TDS 768mg/lit and TSS 138mg/lit, Cr 0.13mg/lit, Pb 4.1 And Fe 4.6mg/lit. By using wheat straw treatment pH reached to 6.9 while EC 274µs/cm, COD 124mg/lit, BOD 72mg/lit, TDS 930mg/lit and TSS 142mg/lit, Cr 0.05mg/lit, Pb 0.4mg/lit and Fe 4.8mg/lit. By using animal charcoal treatment pH changed up to 7.3, EC 250µs/cm, COD 130mg/lit, BOD 78mg/lit, TDS 870 mg/lit and TSS 140mg/lit, Cr 0.09mg/lit, Pb 2.1mg/lit and Fe 5.2mg/lit.

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