Browsing by Author "Sammia Shahid"
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Item Assessment of relief to oxidative stress by different fractions of mazus(2013) Sammia ShahidThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of Mazus pumilus (Burm. f.) Steenis. Methanolic extract of the whole powdered plant was obtained on soxhlet apparatus, dissolved in distilled water and partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol sequentially. The antioxidant potential of all these fractions and remaining aqueous fraction was evaluated by four methods: 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity, Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and ferric thiocyanate assay along with determination of their total phenolics. The results revealed that n-butanol fraction exhibited highest percent inhibition of DPPH radical as compared to other fractions. It showed 80.42±1.68% inhibition of DPPH radical at a concentration of 60 μg/ml. The IC50 value of this fraction was 28.79±1.35 μg/ml, relative to ascorbic acid, having IC50 58.84± 0.89 μg/mL. It also showed highest total antioxidant activity (1.01±0.08) as well as highest FRAP value (626.83±0.39 TE μM/mL), highest total phenolic contents (88.30±1.09 GAE mg/g) and highest value of inhibition of lipid peroxidation (53.91±1.21%) as compared to the other studied fractions. Ethyl acetate soluble fraction also showed good results.Item Chemical constituents, proximate composition and hepatoprotective activity of abutilon muticum(Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2012) Sammia Shahid; Muhammad Akram Kashmiri; A Adnan; B AliPhytochemical studies of the aerial parts of Abutilon muticum resulted in the isolation of eight new source compounds, which had not been isolated so far from this investigated source. The compounds isolated were: 3,4',5,6,7-pentahydroxy flavones; 3,3',4',5,7-penta hydroxy flavone-8-O-b-D-glucopyranoside, 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxy flavones; stigmasterol, benzoic acid, 1-tricosanol, cholesterol and triacontyl palmitate. Proximate composition of A. muticum revealed that the protein content was appreciable (23.5 %) and similar to that of cotton (28.72 %). As far as human nutritional aspects are concerned A. muticum had significant mineral contents. Potassium is most abundant (443.01 mg/100 g), followed by calcium (395.23 mg/100 g), phosphorus (327.13 mg/100 g) and magnesium (193.42 mg/100 g). In addition hepatoprotective activity of A. muticum was evaluated against hepatic damage in rabbits. The substantially elevated enzyme levels were restored towards normalization significantly by the extracts. The biochemical observations were supplemented with histopathological examination of rabbit liver sections. These findings reveal A. muticum, indigenous to Pakistan to be potentially valuable herb for minerals, delivery of drugs and liver diseases.Item Gc-ms and antioxidant capacity analyses of cowpea seeds oils(Emerald, 2013) Muhammad Nadeem Asghar; Muhammad Shafiq; Iram Nadeem; Muhammad Ashfaq; Sammia ShahidPurpose – The cowpea plant, being affordable and protein-rich, is considered poor man’s meat. The aim of this paper is to undertake a detailed investigation regarding in vitro total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and chemical constituents of the vegetable oils from seeds of this plant, taking its nutritional value into consideration. Design/methodology/approach – Vegetable oils of different indigenous cowpea varieties were obtained using soxhelt extraction assembly and subjected to GC-MS analyses and various antioxidant assays including 2,20-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulpohonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation scavenging, ferr, 2.20-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging, total phenolic contents (TPC), lipid peroxidation inhibition, and iron chelation activity. Findings – Various chemical constituents including different hydrocarbons, tocopherols, ketones, fatty esters, estragole and cedrene were identified. TPCs were found to be 5.439, 5.7279, 7.6126, 6.7573 and 10.0591 mg/L gallic acid equivalent for S.A. Dandy, Elite, White Star, CP-386 and FBD Rawan varieties, respectively. Employing ABTS radical decoloration assay a significant linear correlation (R 2 ¼ 0.997, 0.996, 0.997, 0.996 and 0.997 for S.A. Dandy, Elite, White Star, CP-386 and FBD Rawan varieties, respectively) was found between the percent inhibition of ABTS radical cation and the amount of vegetable oils. The percent inhibition of the Fe(II)-Ferrozine complex formation was found to be 29.45, 53.76, 82.91, 86.59 and 57.87 for the same varieties, respectively. Originality/value – GC-MS and standard in vitro antioxidative capacity analyses data clearly demonstrated the potency of the cowpea as antioxidant and radical scavenger plant which may be used as a good source of natural antioxidants. The plant seeds may prove a better and cost-effective substitute of expensive food items.Item In vitro assessment of antibacterial, enzyme inhibition and oxidative stress activities of various fractions of ranunculus sceleratus(2013) Sammia ShahidThe aims of the present investigation were to assess the enzyme inhibition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of various fractions of. Ranunculus sceleratus Linn. The methanolic extract of plant was partitioned sequentially with solvents of increasing polarity. Enzyme inhibition studies were done against four enzymes i.e. α-glucosidase, butyrylcholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase and lipoxygenase. It was observed from the results that n-butanol fraction possessed very good activity (77.49±0.94 % inhibition at 0.1 mg/ml) against α-glucosidase, as compared with quercetin, a reference standard drug. Its IC50 value was calculated as 35.69±0.93 μg/ml as compared to quercetin (IC50 value 16.47±0.39 μg/ml). Antibacterial activity was checked against five bacterial strains by 96-wells microplate assay using ciprofloxacin, a standard antibiotic, as positive control. Chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous fractions showed excellent activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (MIC at 7.09, 7.82, 5.62 and 5.26 respectively) which is greater then standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin (MIC 10.03). Ethyl acetate n-butanol and aqueous fraction also showed good activity against Escherichia coli (MIC at 10.56, 10.88 and 10.74 respectively). The antioxidant potential of all the fractions was evaluated by different methods. The results revealed that ethyl acetate soluble fraction exhibited highest percent inhibition of DPPH radical as compared to other fractions. It showed 80.9±1.23% inhibition of DPPH radical at a concentration of 30 μg/ml. The IC50 value of this fraction was 44.07±0.76 μg/ml, relative to ascorbic acid, having IC50 58.90± 1.76 μg/ml. It also showed highest total antioxidant activity (1.04±0.03) as well as highest FRAP value (238.5±1.12 TE μM/ml), highest total phenolic contents (97.08±1.03 GAE mg/g) and highest value of inhibition of lipid peroxidation (53.70±1.59%) as compared to the other studied fractions. The results obtained from this study suggest that Ranunculus sceleratus is a valuable herb, which due to the presence of larger quantities of enzyme inhibition, antibacterial and antioxidant compounds inhibits the oxidative stress mechanism that lead to degenerative diseases.Item In vitro assessment of protection from oxidative stress by various fractions of mazus pumilus(Chemical Society of Pakistan, 2013) Sammia Shahid; Tauhed Riaz; Muhammad Athar Abbasi; Farah Khalid; Muhammad Nadeem AsgharBioactive compounds in food have been shown to maintain human health. Therefore the aim of this investigation was to evaluate antioxidant potential of an edible herb Mazus pumilus (Burm. f.) Steenis by spectrophotometric methods. Methanolic extract of the herb was obtained on Soxhlet apparatus, and sequentially fractionized with organic solvents of increasing polarity. The antioxidant potential of all these fractions was evaluated by four methods: 1,1-Diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity, Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and ferric thiocyanate assay along with determination of their total phenolics. The results revealed that n-butanol fraction exhibited highest percent inhibition of DPPH radical as compared to other fractions. It showed 80.42±1.68 inhibition level, % of DPPH radical at a concentration of 60 μg ml-1. The IC50 value of this fraction was 28.79±1.35 μg ml-1, relative to ascorbic acid, having IC50 58.84±0.89 μg ml-1. It also showed highest total antioxidant activity (1.01±0.08) as well as highest FRAP value (626.83±0.39 TE / μM ml-1), highest total phenolic contents (88.30±1.09 GAE / mg g-1) and highest value of inhibition of lipid peroxidation (53.91±1.21 %) as compared to the other studied fractions. The results obtained from this study suggest that Mazus pumilus is a valuable herb, which due to the presence of larger quantities of antioxidant compounds inhibits the oxidative stress mechanism that lead to degenerative diseases.Item In vitro total antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of organic extracts from leaves, stem and inflorescence of cannabis sativa l.(Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2012) Iram Nadeem; Asad Ullah Khan; Muhammad Nadeem Asghar; Muhammad Ashfaq; Sammia Shahid; Dildar AhmedThe in vitro total antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of organic extracts from leaves, stem and inflorescence of male and female plants of Cannabis sativa were studied using 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation scavenging, total phenolic conents (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation inhibition and metal chelating activity assays. The stem, leaves and inflorescence of male (MS, ML and MI, respectively) and female (FS, FL and FI, respectively) plants were initially extracted in methanol and subsequently partitioned in n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and 1-butanol, successively. Employing ABTS radical scavenging activity assay the fractions obtained in polar solvents exhibited high ABTS scavenging activity. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values obtained for various extracts of different parts of C. sativa ranged from 144.46- 1.47 mM trolox equivalents for 1-butanol fraction of FI and chloroform fraction of FS, respectively. Total phenolic contents using Folin- Ciocalteu's method ranged from 3.562-0.339 mg/L gallic acid equivalent for 1-butanol fraction of FS and chloroform fraction of MI, respectively. A direct relationship between Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and total phenolic contents values was not observed for the extracts except for MS indicating that only phenolic compounds were not responsible for the total antioxidant activity of the fractions. The rate of scavenging of DPPH radical for these extracts reflected the presence of a diverse nature of antioxidative components. Using ammonium thiocyanate method, all the extracts of both the genders demonstrated significant lipid peroxidation inhibition activity. The per cent chelating activity using ferrozine as reference chelator ranged from 9.46-84.94 for ethyl acetate fraction of ML and methanol fraction of FL, respectively. A poor correlation of ferrous ion chelating activity with total phenolic conents of the extracts was observed and this indicates that phenolic compounds might not be the main chelators of iron ions.Item Preparation, characterization and antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles on broad spectrum of microorganisms.(Acta chimica Slovenica, 2013-02-22) Sumera Siddique; Zaheer Hussain; Sammia Shahid; Farida YasminNano particles have received increased attention regarding their potential utility in biomedicine. In this study, we have investigated the antibacterial activity of ZnO nano particles with various particle sizes. ZnO nano particles were synthesized by conventional precipitation method using zinc sulphate and sodium hydroxide as precursors followed by the calcinations of precipitates at 350 °C for 6 h (sample A) and 550 °C for 2 h (sample B). The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and morphology of the particles was evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Antibacterial activities against four different microorganisms were evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and zones of inhibitions using different concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity was directly proportional to the concentration and inversely proportional to the particle size in all the microorganisms; moreover Gram positive bacteria were generally more affected than Gram negative bacteria. The stability of ZnO nanoparticles combined with potent antibacterial properties favours their application as antibacterials against broad spectrum of microorganisms.Item Screening of Abutilon muticum for Bioactive Constituents, Mineral Contents, Antioxidants and Hepatoprotective activity(2013) Sammia ShahidThe genus Abutilon belongs to the family Malvaceae and has about 150 species distributed throughout the Mediterranean to central Asia, particularly in India and Pakistan. Several species of this genus have been used in folk medicines as analgesic and for the treatment of digestive disorders, toothache, arthritis and so forth. Abutilon muticum, a species of genus Abutilon occurs in plains throughout Pakistan especially more common in Sindh and abundant in the deserts of Cholistan, Bahawalpur. Abutilon muticum is traditionally used for analgesic, anthelmintic, hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic properties.Item Screening of natural herb(2013) Sammia ShahidPhytochemical studies on the aerial parts of Abutilon muticum resulted in the isolation of eight new source compounds, which had not been isolated so far from this investigated source. The compounds isolated were: 3,4′,5,6,7-pentahydroxy flavone, 3, 3′, 4′, 5, 7-penta hydroxy flavone-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 3, 3′, 4′, 5, 7-pentahydroxy flavone, stigmasterol, benzoic acid, 1-tricosanol, cholesterol and triacontyl palmitate. Aerial parts of A. muticum were subjected to proximate analysis. The results obtained were; moisture (8.23%), ash (17.29 %), crude fiber (23.46 %), crude protein (16.13 %) and crude carbohydrate (32.04 %). The ash was also analyzed for its mineral contents which were found to be (mg/100g); aluminium (5.16), cadmium (0.02), calcium (395.23), iron (3.21), lead (0.02), magnesium (193.42), phosphorus (327.13), potassium (443.01) and zinc (21.05). In addition hepatoprotective activity of A. muticumwas evaluated against hepatic damage in rabbits [Table 1]. The substantially elevated enzyme levels were restored towards normalization by the extracts.Item Screening of Ranunculus sceleratus for enzyme inhibition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities(A Journal of the Bangladesh Pharmacological Society (BDPS), 2015) Sammia Shahid; Tauheda Riaz; Muhammad Nadeem AsgharEnzyme inhibition potential of various fractions of Ranunculus sceleratus was checked against α-glucosidase, butyrylcholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase and lipoxygenase enzymes. n-Butanol fraction showed very good activity (77.5 ± 1.0% inhibition at 0.1 mg/mL) against α-glucosidase. Its IC50 value was 35.7 ± 1.0 μg/mL comparable to quercetin (IC50 value 16.5 ± 0.4 μg/mL). Antibacterial activity was checked against five bacterial strains by 96-wells microplate assay using ciprofloxacin, a standard antibiotic. Chloroform, ethyl acetate, nbutanol and aqueous fractions showed excellent activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (MIC at 7.1, 7.8, 5.6 and 5.3 respectively), which is greater than standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin (MIC 10.0). The antioxidant potential of all the fractions was evaluated. Ethyl acetate soluble fraction exhibited highest percent inhibition of DPPH radical as compared to other fractions. It showed 80.9 ± 1.2% inhibition of DPPH radical at a concentration of 30 μg/mL. These results suggest that R. sceleratus is a valuable herb, which inhibits the oxidative stress mechanism that lead to degenerative diseases.