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Item The influence of entrepreneurial ecosystems on female entrepreneurial intentions(UMT,Lahore, 2025) Shanzay IrfanThis study investigates at the influence of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, on entrepreneurial intentions in pakistani women, with a focus on the mediating effects of entrepreneurial passion and moderating effects of the internal locus of control. Based on the theories of social cognitive theory, dualistic model of passion, and locus of control theory, the research utilized a quantitative cross-sectional survey of 300 women, who practiced or wanted to become an entrepreneur. The descriptive findings suggest that the perceived ees, eps, and eis are high (m = 6.84, sd = 0.14), as well as, the perceived locs (m = 5.83, sd = 0.09). Correlation analysis indicates that there are strong relationships between loc-ep (r =.979), loc-ei (r =.945) and ep ei(r=.944). Results of regression analysis with ee as the independent variable, ep as the dependent variables, and the ei as a dependent variables calculated the results of regression as the following: ee is a significant predictor of epc (b = 0.6937, p =.001), and ep is a significant predictor of ei (b = 0.1720, p =.020). Direct impact of eec on eic does not matter (b = 0.0334, p =.274), which is the confirmation of the influence indirectly through passion. The ep-ei relationship is very moderating with the level of ep-ei relationship increasing with the level of loc which is low (b = 0.3261), middle (b = 0.3775), and high (b = 0.4271). The moderated mediation index is important (0.0445; 95% ci 0.0217 0.0721), and the ecosystem effects are found to be stronger among women who have greater internal control beliefs. The results reveal the pivotal role of passion and psychological empowerment in the capability of supporting the system to become an entrepreneur through changes in enthusiasm, suggesting implications on gender-sensitive policy and entrepreneurial development interventionsItem “THE AI ARMS RACE IN INDO-PACIFIC REGION: EXAMINING US-CHINA RIVALRY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR MILITARY AND ECONOMIC SECURITY(UMT.Lahore, 2025) AHMAD AZIZThe increasing artificial intelligence (AI) rivalry between China and the United States has developed into a complete “AI arms race” that profoundly affects worldwide security as well as economic power positions and political stability across the globe. The research evaluates the dual use of AI by America and China to dominate military operations and safeguard their economies and expand their strategic positions while investigating their impact on worldwide diplomatic relations. A research application of Offensive Realism and Security Dilemma models demonstrates the effects of AI competition which lead to worldwide international tensions while triggering military forces to rise and modify power relationships between nationsItem Kashmir Discourse Post-Article 370 Revocation(UMT.Lahore, 2025) Muhammad Hassan RajaIn August 2019, Article 370 of the Indian Constitution had been abrogated, a turning point in the age-old conflict over Jammu and Kashmir changing its constitutional status and increasing the regional and global debates surrounding it. This thesis explores the opposing narratives about this event, looking at how Indian and Pakistani narratives differ in traditional media, governmental rhetoric, and international discourse. As such it examines how these narratives influenced perceptions of national identity, human rights and regional stability, and their implications for international relations as a whole.Item Gaza Genocide: A Critical Analysis of Intergovernmental Organizations’ Response(UMT.Lahore, 2025) Seher RazaBy mapping the responses of major Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs), in particular, the United Nations (UN), European Union (EU), and the International Criminal Court (ICC) to the genocide that‟s taking place in Gaza, this research aims at critically identifying significant trends in the patterns of response. The historical context of the conflict is outlined first within the framework of the Israel/Palestine dispute and its roots to the Balfour Declaration followed by the Nakba of 1948. It then examines the changing attitudes of IGOs to the humanitarian crisis and their practice of demanding ceasefires, humanitarian aid, and presumed accountability for alleged war crimes.Item The Minority within Hindu minority: Exploring Experiences of the Bheel and Manghwar Communities of Sindh(UMT.Lahore, 2025) Muhammad AliHindus are an important minority community in Pakistan. Most of them are residents of Sindh province. The internal dynamics of the Hindu community are not simple due to the prevalent caste system. The caste system affects the inhabitants in every aspect, specifically for the life of the minority (lower castes). This study explores a minority within a minority in the Hindu community; it explores the case of ‗Bheel‖ and ―Manghwar‖- the deemed lower castes within the Hindu community. This study explores the caste system of Hindu minorities, who are natives of the district, particularly in Sanghar and Sindh, and belong to the mentioned caste groups. This study tries to make sense of the experience of the participants of the community. Not only does it have an impoverished existence, but it also lacks political voices and common discourse in academia