Browse
Recent Submissions
Item The Influence of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems on Female Entrepreneurial Intentions(UMT,Lahore, 2025) Shanzay IrfanThis study investigates at the influence of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, on entrepreneurial intentions in pakistani women, with a focus on the mediating effects of entrepreneurial passion and moderating effects of the internal locus of control. Based on the theories of social cognitive theory, dualistic model of passion, and locus of control theory, the research utilized a quantitative cross-sectional survey of 300 women, who practiced or wanted to become an entrepreneur. The descriptive findings suggest that the perceived ees, eps, and eis are high (m = 6.84, sd = 0.14), as well as, the perceived locs (m = 5.83, sd = 0.09). Correlation analysis indicates that there are strong relationships between loc-ep (r =.979), loc-ei (r =.945) and ep ei(r=.944). Results of regression analysis with ee as the independent variable, ep as the dependent variables, and the ei as a dependent variables calculated the results of regression as the following: ee is a significant predictor of epc (b = 0.6937, p =.001), and ep is a significant predictor of ei (b = 0.1720, p =.020). Direct impact of eec on eic does not matter (b = 0.0334, p =.274), which is the confirmation of the influence indirectly through passion. The ep-ei relationship is very moderating with the level of ep-ei relationship increasing with the level of loc which is low (b = 0.3261), middle (b = 0.3775), and high (b = 0.4271). The moderated mediation index is important (0.0445; 95% ci 0.0217 0.0721), and the ecosystem effects are found to be stronger among women who have greater internal control beliefs. The results reveal the pivotal role of passion and psychological empowerment in the capability of supporting the system to become an entrepreneur through changes in enthusiasm, suggesting implications on gender-sensitive policy and entrepreneurial development interventionsItem “THE AI ARMS RACE IN INDO-PACIFIC REGION: EXAMINING US-CHINA RIVALRY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR MILITARY AND ECONOMIC SECURITY(UMT.Lahore, 2025) AHMAD AZIZThe increasing artificial intelligence (AI) rivalry between China and the United States has developed into a complete “AI arms race” that profoundly affects worldwide security as well as economic power positions and political stability across the globe. The research evaluates the dual use of AI by America and China to dominate military operations and safeguard their economies and expand their strategic positions while investigating their impact on worldwide diplomatic relations. A research application of Offensive Realism and Security Dilemma models demonstrates the effects of AI competition which lead to worldwide international tensions while triggering military forces to rise and modify power relationships between nationsItem AN ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF TABLIGHI JAMAT IN ADDRESSING SECTARIAN HARMONY IN PAKISTAN(UMT.Lahore, 2025) Huzaifa KhalidBy identifying the function of Tablighi Jamat in the sectarian diverse Islamic society of Pakistan, this research aims to analyze the role of this organization in addressing sectarian harmony. Sectarianism between different interpretations of Islam has been the main cause of conflict and social disintegration in the past. Tablighi Jamat claims to be an organization that is not political and is a movement of preaching the basic principles of Islam like Kalma, Namaz, Ilm o Zikr, Ikram Muslim, Niyat and Dawah. This research used qualitative thematic analysis methods, like in-depth interviews with the leaders of Jamat and the representatives of major sects (Barelvi, Salafi/Ahle Hades/Wahabi, Shia, Deobandi other than Tablighi) in order to evaluate the perceptions about Tablighi Jamat's inclusivity and its role in mitigating the sectarian conflict. The conceptual framework of the Revivalist and Transnational movement for Tablighi Jamat, as identified by Reetz and other scholars, guided the analysis.Item THE NEXUS BETWEEN POLITICAL INSTABILITY AND DRUG ADDICTION(2025) BASHAR UL ISLAM NAWABIn recent times, Pakistan has faced an increase in political instability and drug addiction simultaneously. In academics, research on this relationship has been limited. This article finds the correlations between both through quantitative measures. Data on drug addicts in Pakistan from 2013 to 2023 and the PSI of Pakistan from 2013 to 2023 were analyzed, and this analysis shows that there is an indirect correlation between PSI and drug addiction rates, and a direct relationship between political instability and the number of drug addicts. This shows that with the increase in political instability, drug addiction also increases in that societyItem INDEPENDENCE OR INTEGRATION OF AZAD KASHMIR(UMT.Lahore, 2025) Atif IshfaqKashmir, being a disputed territory, has remained unresolved on both sides of the border and continues to spark intense debate. The struggles by different political parties in Azad Kashmir made its existence as independent or integrated part of Pakistan further dubious. This study explores the role of political parties in making public perception regarding the constitutional status of Azad Kashmir. This study helps the readers to analyze how political narratives and campaign influence capability of critical thinking and critical approach of young generation to understand the national causer and self-determination and identity crises. This research thesis aims to investigate and evaluate the efficacy of political parties and demonstrate the connection between important characteristics such political communication, political finance, and intra-party democracy and the efficacy of major Pakistani political parties.Item Kashmir Discourse Post-Article 370 Revocation(UMT.Lahore, 2025) Muhammad Hassan RajaIn August 2019, Article 370 of the Indian Constitution had been abrogated, a turning point in the age-old conflict over Jammu and Kashmir changing its constitutional status and increasing the regional and global debates surrounding it. This thesis explores the opposing narratives about this event, looking at how Indian and Pakistani narratives differ in traditional media, governmental rhetoric, and international discourse. As such it examines how these narratives influenced perceptions of national identity, human rights and regional stability, and their implications for international relations as a whole.Item Gaza Genocide: A Critical Analysis of Intergovernmental Organizations’ Response(UMT.Lahore, 2025) Seher RazaBy mapping the responses of major Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs), in particular, the United Nations (UN), European Union (EU), and the International Criminal Court (ICC) to the genocide that‟s taking place in Gaza, this research aims at critically identifying significant trends in the patterns of response. The historical context of the conflict is outlined first within the framework of the Israel/Palestine dispute and its roots to the Balfour Declaration followed by the Nakba of 1948. It then examines the changing attitudes of IGOs to the humanitarian crisis and their practice of demanding ceasefires, humanitarian aid, and presumed accountability for alleged war crimes.Item The Minority within Hindu minority: Exploring Experiences of the Bheel and Manghwar Communities of Sindh(UMT.Lahore, 2025) Muhammad AliHindus are an important minority community in Pakistan. Most of them are residents of Sindh province. The internal dynamics of the Hindu community are not simple due to the prevalent caste system. The caste system affects the inhabitants in every aspect, specifically for the life of the minority (lower castes). This study explores a minority within a minority in the Hindu community; it explores the case of ‗Bheel‖ and ―Manghwar‖- the deemed lower castes within the Hindu community. This study explores the caste system of Hindu minorities, who are natives of the district, particularly in Sanghar and Sindh, and belong to the mentioned caste groups. This study tries to make sense of the experience of the participants of the community. Not only does it have an impoverished existence, but it also lacks political voices and common discourse in academiaItem ENERGY SECURITY AND CLIMATE COMMITMENTS:(UMT.Lahore, 2025) Syed Samar Abbas ShiraziIn the 21st century, global response to climate change has been more and more preoccupied with linking international climate governance to national energy policies. Aligning domestic energy strategies with the frameworks such as United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement is both opportunity and challenge for the developing nations like Pakistan. This thesis critically studies Pakistan‘s energy policies between 2013–2023 with regards to key principles of international climate governance, using a qualitative policy analysis framework based on the Complex Interdependence Theory, this study investigates the interlink between state and non-state actors in developing Pakistan‘s pathway to energy transition.Item BRI AND U.S COUNTER STRATEGIES(UMT.Lahore, 2025) SHEHRYAR TAHIRThis thesis examines the economic implications of US counter-strategies regarding Sino‘s Maritime Silk Road subsequent to the 2017 US National Security Strategy (NSS). The Belt and Road Initiative, a worldwide framework development and investment endeavour led by China, has reached a necessary element of Sino‘s financial growth and diplomatic policy. The US saw the program as a threat to its geopolitical supremacy, prompting the formulation of counter-strategies to curtail the efficacy and impact of the One Belt One Road(OBOR). This paper explores how US measures, such as trade tariffs, sanctions, and the encouragement of alternative investment initiatives, have influenced China's strategic goals and the overall economic results for both Sino and the nations involved in the One Belt One Road(OBOR).