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Item Mock-up and model of Boeing 737-300 from nose to front door(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Bakhtawar Kaleem; Ahtesham Tariq & other class fellowA mockup of a Boeing 737-300 nose till front door is created for the purpose of students learning regarding various design elements used in the actual construction of the aircraft. The mockup is constructed using materials and manufacturing techniques representative of those used in the actual production of the Boeing 737-300. Original B737-300 is replicated in a scale-down mockup to engage visitors and students to improve the learning of upcoming batches of IAS (Institute of Aviation Studies). A Mockup is created to provide hands-on learning opportunities for students in aviation programs. The Idea of a Boeing 737 mock- up popped into our mind because B737 can best justify the traditional Boeing design. This project imitates the exterior design of the nose part of B737-300, visible out of the hangar in the nose out direction, employing the use of Cinema 4D, Sketch Up and aircraft reduction formula for dimensions and modelling of the aircraft. Metal ribs was used to construct nose structure in a proportionally reduced manner, and plaster of Paris is used to give it a proper shape. For the final look, fiber reinforced polymer has been used for aircraft manufacturing. Nose wheels are constructed as per reduced dimensions, and a bricked hanger textured wall is planned to imitate the hangarItem Analysis of Challenges in the Adaption of Technology in Aviation Procedures for the Attainment of Sustainability(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Muhammad Umair Butt; Salik Ahmad Aziz Khan; Abdullah Sajid; Romah FarooqTechnological adaptation has been shown to be a major driver of various types of issues and procedures. The challenges associated with the adaptation of technology within the systems in the aviation method will assist the sector in learning how they can bring more sustainable elements. Purpose: This paper aims to present the research trends and identification of future research agendas regarding the digitalization of airport procedures and insight into the sustainability domain. The study employed by quantitative systematic literature review (SLR) method to achieve the research objective. A deductive approach has been used with developing a hypothesis based on an existing theory, and after that designing a research strategy to test the hypothesis. The technique used for sampling is convenient and snowball sampling. In research, the study was limited to the Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority (PCAA). Findings: Challenges such as Digital doubles, Current aviation digital system regulations, Ease of access to any digital asset, and the Low literacy rate in Pakistan regarding aviation technology have a neutral response for being the utmost reason to be considered as a challenge. Cyber insurance couldn’t be identified as an element of managing aviation cyber risk. Analyzing the result research study can exploit to future directions moving toward other aspects such as maintenance and reliability process in operations.Item Establish a “News Studio Room” in UMT to record & relay national & international aviation knowledge, issues, happenings & incidents on day-to-day basis under the title of “Aviation Roundup”(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Usman Farooq; Taha Nisar; Umer FarooqThe progress in aviation industry is rapidly increasing day-by-day and everyone is taking advantage except Pakistan aviation industry. The issue is not getting awareness of aviation industry to the normal public. This gap is creating a downfall in the industry. Aviation is a vast subject and it needs a proper platform to share its news and innovations to the public and especially to the students. To counter and resolve this issue a new studio room under the name of “Aviation Roundup” is established. It creates a platform to share the news and information to the general public in a natural and professional manner so that everyone knows about the new innovations, technological advancements and the history and future of aviation industry domestically and internationally. The studio room is establishes using green screen technology because it is not possible to just conduct interviews at an airport or elsewhere. To encounter this issue green screen is used as an alternative to replace it with any pleasant and professional virtual background by using different green screen template and an editing software like adobe after effects. This project is designed to cover all the aspects of a news studio room by conducting different types of interviews that includes solo sessions, face-to- face interviews and panel or group interview. The structured interview approach is used to collect data in each interview as it is a best possible way to gather reliable data in a short period of time. The structured questions are asked and response is collected and based on that response next question is asked. Each question is interlinked with each other so that the purpose of interview can be achieved. Interviews are conducted primarily for the aim of spreading information and news to the general public, as well as for the purpose of making it possible for all of the content and interviews to be shared with the audience via the official YouTube channel of "Aviation Roundup." As part of this project, a platform is developed for the purpose of conducting the interviews, and another platform is developed for the purpose of disseminating the findings of the interviews to the general public. This new studio room shares news and information in the national language of Urdu, which will eliminate the language barrier that prevents the majority of the audience from understanding what is being said. All of the international aviation studios currently broadcast their news and information in their native language, which prevents them from being understood by the majority of the audience. Participating in initiatives like this inspires students to show off their practical aviation skills and enhance layouts in the future. This may include insights or lessons learnt for future projects. As it is not a one time project, it goes on and on and transfer to every batch to bring innovation in this, new experts will come and different types of interviews will be conducted in it. It is not a one time project, it is a life project if operates effectively.Item To explore the use of technological choices to reduce energy use and environmental impacts on Pakistani airports(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Abdullah; Danish Zafar; Noman Ul Hassan; Zeshan HaiderAirport industry is going through the major business transformation. To ensure the smooth and better operation, airports need to technological advance and have efficient operation. Technology plays an important role in any fields most important in aviation. Technological advancement at the airports is little bit difficult because it depends upon the certain circumstances. Purpose: This paper aims to identify and observe different ways through which technological energy use can make changes in environmental protection of Pakistan and its airports identifying whether use of technological energy use can affect the environmental impact. The study employed by quantitative systematic literature review method to achieve the research objective. A deductive approach has been used with developing a hypothesis based on an existing theory. The technique used for sampling is convenient and snowball sampling. Findings: research indicates that usage of technologies do not have positive influence on the reduction of energy use at the pakistan airports. While reduce energy use have positive influence in reduction of environmental impacts. Usage of technological use also have positive influence on environmental impact. Analyzing the result research study can exploit to future directions moving toward other aspects such as mediating effect of reduce energy and technology on environment.Item To analyze the impact of economic and social factors on the future of environmentally sustainable aviation(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Ajwa Asif; Azzah Shuja Mirza Shujauddin; Muhammad Daud Umar; Mutiba Asif; Soha JavedSustainability is a key topic for developing policies and strategies in Pakistan's civil aviation sector. It plays a crucial role in how the sector affects the economy, environment, and society at large. As this sector grows, the importance of addressing sustainability problems increases. This study has focused on the elements influencing Pakistan's sustainable aviation industry going forward. The three pillars of sustainability—social, economic, and environmental—as well as CSR are all addressed in this research. This study followed deductive reasoning, convenience sampling, and the quantitative approach of research. The results show that societal trends have an impact on whether new technologies are embraced by the general public. The results also imply that if customers were made aware of the positive impact they would be having with regard to protecting and conserving the environment, their willingness to pay would increase. CSR appears to improve the existing influence of social elements on the environmental sustainability of the Pakistani aviation sector. The paper discusses these findings in further detail and concludes with the theoretical and practical implications of these results and future research directions.Item Impact of In-Flight Service Quality Provided by Cabin Crew on Passenger Satisfaction(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Khawaja Daniyal Atif, Maarij Gul, MaryamThis study aims to evaluate the level of in-flight service quality delivered by the cabin crew and its effect on passenger satisfaction. This study examines the influence of service quality provided by cabin crew on passenger satisfaction. The Allama Iqbal international airport was utilized to obtain data from passengers regarding their opinions on the airline's in-flight service. The information was gathered by giving surveys to PIA and AIRBLUE's international travelers. This study used a convenience sampling technique to gather information from respondents using a self-administered questionnaire by using the five dimensions of the SERVQUAL model. Additionally, SPSS was employed to test the suggested structural model. The findings of this study showed that four SERVQUAL scale dimensions—perceived reliability, responsiveness, empathy, and assurance—have a favorable, direct, and significant influence on passengers' satisfaction while the tangibility factor doesn’t have a significant impact on them. Responsiveness has the most impact the passenger satisfaction and tangibility has the least impact.Item Passengers Loyalty(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Ali Haider, Hanzala ShahidPurpose: This research aims to investigate the nature and strength of the relationship between service quality and passenger loyalty in the Pakistani airline industry. Additionally, it seeks to explore the mediating role of passenger satisfaction and the impact of price on passenger satisfaction and the relationship between service quality and passenger loyalty. The study also aims to identify the key factors influencing passenger satisfaction within the Pakistani airline industry. Methodology: The research adopts a quantitative approach and collects data through an online survey distributed to a random sample of passengers who have flown with Pakistani airlines in the past year. Service quality is measured using the AIRQUAL scale, focusing on the dimensions of airline tangibles, terminal tangibles, and empathy. The study examines the relationships between service quality, price, passenger satisfaction, and passenger loyalty using statistical analysis techniques. Findings: The findings reveal positive associations between service quality and price, service quality and passenger satisfaction, service quality and passenger loyalty, price and passenger satisfaction, and price and passenger loyalty in the Pakistani airline industry. The analysis indicates that passenger satisfaction mediates the relationship between service quality and passenger loyalty. Improvements in service quality led to higher levels of passenger satisfaction, which, in turn, results in increased passenger loyalty. Originality/Value: This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by examining the relationships between service quality, price, passenger satisfaction, and passenger loyalty within the specific context of the Pakistani airline industry. The study provides valuable insights for airlines to enhance service quality, implement competitive pricing strategies, and foster passenger loyalty. By understanding these dynamics, airlines can improve customer retention and strengthen their market position in the highly competitive airline industryItem Feasibility of Establishing and Periodical updation of public Database for Business & Operational Activities in General Aviation & FBOs.(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Huzaifah Imran, Ali ZulqarnainPakistan Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) is a public sector autonomous entity that reports to the Federal Government of Pakistan via the Aviation Division Cabinet Secretariat. CAA was founded on December 7, 1982, by Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority Ordinance 1982. The goal of establishing the CAA is to provide for the promotion and control of civil aviation activities, as well as to construct an infrastructure for a safe, efficient, adequate, economical, and well-coordinated civil air transport service in Pakistan. The date of December 7th is significant since it corresponds with the founding of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in 1944 as a result of the renowned Chicago Convention. In addition, the United Nations has designated December 7th as International Civil Aviation Day, which is observed worldwide each year. CAA not only serves as the country's aviation regulator, but it also serves as a service provider for Air Navigation Services and Airport Services. The basic functions of CAA are therefore, 'Regulatory', 'Air Navigation Services' and 'Airport Services'. These basic functions are fully supported by the organization's numerous corporate functions. The CAA's headquarters are in Karachi.Item AI Chat-Bot for E-Commerce Website(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Muhammad Haseeb Mudassar, Sarosh QaiserThe most apparent commercial usage of the World Wide Web is business-to-consumer goods e commerce. An e-commerce site's principal objective is to sell things online. This project outlines a Chabot-based e-commerce website for online product sales. This Chabot can help you use the website more easily. The bot communicates with the person using it in Simple Language. This Chabot has been linked to an online store. It shows the consumer a range of various things that are accessible to buy in the store. The Chabot assists you in determining which product is best for you. A cart for shopping is supplied to the user to assist online purchases. Based on the consumer's browsing and purchasing history, the chatbot can provide product suggestions, customized offers, and promotions. It can also help human customer care professionals by answering typical questions and guiding clients to relevant information or self-service choices. The employment of AI Chabot’s in ecommerce can result in enhanced consumer happiness, sales, and repeat business. Server and client-side scripting approaches are used in this project, as well as implementation techniques such as React JS, Neo4J, Mongo db, and NLPItem LIBAS LOUNGE(UMT, Lahore, 2023) ALI ZULQARNAIN, ALI HAIDAR, SAIM SALMAN, SYED HUSSAIN ABBAS NAQVIThe goal of this project is to create an e-commerce website that is coupled with a chatbot to improve the user experience. The e-commerce website allows users to browse and purchase things online. The chatbot, which is powered by natural language processing algorithms, converses with users in real time, supporting them in discovering items, answering questions, and making personalized suggestions. The chatbot integration is intended to increase customer interaction, speed the purchasing process, and provide a more engaging and user-friendly e-commerce experienceItem Development of a lab model of an Autonomous Vertical Car Parking at Congested Airports(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Muhammad Arjmand, Muhammad Talha, Ibrahim MujahidIn this upcoming report of Vertical autonomous parking system (VAPS) we have made an autonomous car parking system in which there is less human effort needed. From scrap till full complete scaled model of the project including of how the system will work. This model has electrical system with few changes can also be used in other systems as well. Mechanically, how scaled model is prepared to electrical code and how the platforms will move by the help of motor. Mechanically we went through many processes which include grinding till welding process. Whereas, electrically we have made codes, bought controllers and motors for proper functioning of the project.Item DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ATTACHABLE WHEELCHAIR MECHANISM FOR AIRCRAFT BOARDING THROUGH STAIRCASE BY ABDUL SABOOR, ASFAND ALI AND MUHAMMAD SHABAN(UMT, Lahore, 2023) ABDUL SABOOR, ASFAND ALI, MUHAMMAD SHABANThis study outlines a detachable wheelchair device intended to improve accessibility and inclusion for people with restricted mobility and make boarding an aircraft through stairs easier. When the boarding equipment is not suitable for all types of aircraft, especially those with just stair access, wheelchair users may find it difficult to board an aircraft. A detachable wheelchair system that facilitates smooth boarding and disembarking for wheelchair users in such circumstances has been designed to address this problem. The proposed detachable wheelchair mechanism consists of the primary component; a removable seat. Weight reduction, structural integrity, user-friendliness, and compatibility with different aircraft models are important factors to consider during the design process. The mechanism has undergone extensive testing and development to assure its dependability, toughness, and compliance with aviation safety regulations. In comparison to current options, the detachable wheelchair system for aircraft boarding usingthe stairs offers several benefits. It reduces the possibility of injury when boarding and does away with the requirement for transfer assistance. It also offers a flexible solution that can be modified for use with various aircraft models and configurations. Wheelchair users can move through the boarding procedure with assurance and simplicity thanks to the mechanism, whichsupports their independence, dignity, and sense of inclusion. Another advantage of this projectis that it reduces the human load and is easy to access for the usersItem Design & Build an A/C Landing Gear Extension/Retraction Test Stand Using Existing Hydraulic System Mockup by Sehar Khan, Rooman Saad Hussian and Ubaiduallah(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Sehar Khan, Rooman Saad Hussain, UbaiduallahAircraft hydraulic system are the important part that is use to operate control surfaces, landing gear extension and retraction. Some systems use the liquid and some uses the gas for the hydraulic system. The purpose of doing the project of “aircraft landing gear actuation along the door opening and closing mechanism” is to give knowledge and understanding to students about the landing gear operation. The landing gear mockup will be used for the lab work for the experiments like pressure leakage, motor working and air lock. The modification has been done by reducing the width, increasing the height and making the correct alignment of the components. Firstly the market survey has been done for the required parts and then the project has been shifted to the workplace. The landing gear is actuated with the hydraulic fluid. The doors are attached with the help of the springs, piano hinges and proximity sensors are also attached. This project will help in the future advancement like flaps operation and emergency hand pump.Item Design and Development of Variable Pitch Propeller(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Muhammad Faizan Qureshi, Muhammad Sumair Saeed, Muhammad UsmanIn this project report the history and development of propellers in aviation history has been discussed. For which different types of propellers have been discussed. They may be differentiated according to their assigned airfoil number, number of blades, material type, fixed pitch and variable pitch propellers. Instead of fixed pitch propellers, the variable pitch propellers are of great interest today in the general aviation aircrafts. Due to their optimized performance and better efficient characteristics. Mostly new modern general aviation aircrafts are equipped with variable pitch propeller mechanism, which contributes to better flight characteristics of aircraft. Various types of methods ae currently being used which includes the use of mechanical, hydraulic and electric methods to vary the pitch of propellers. Variable pitch propellers differ from fixed pitch propellers with respect to their construction and assembly. An idea for electro-mechanical pitch changing mechanism has been proposed in this project report. Where by the use of stepper motor and jackscrew mechanism and mechanical linkages interconnected, a pitch can be changed. Autodesk Fusion 360 is used to make the CAD model for the presented idea. The motion analysis has been simulated to analyze and observe the proper working of the model. Calculations have been made to assure the geometry of presented idea. Market survey has been done to make sure the availability of the parts required, and to check whether the project is viable and financially feasible. The ideas shall be implemented later in the Phase-II of the Final Year Project to make it fully operational.Item Exploring 3D Printing in Reverse Engineering(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Ahmed Mujtaba, NaimatullahThe report aims to provide knowledge regarding scope of reverse engineering and 3D printing in Pakistan and its ability for prototyping and reproduction considering cost and effectiveness of reproduced product. Reverse Engineering plays a vital role in prototyping and producing parts through additive manufacturing, which results in economical and time saving production. In this report, we have reverse engineered an industrial part, which fulfilled a gap that market operators don’t need to replace the whole bearing house or wait for the other machine to worn out so that the operator can utilise the part and use it in the machine with melted bearing housing. Furthermore, we also did training related to 3D scanning and used it to reverse engineer the side door cover of Piper Apache aircraft. We also used conventional method of reverse engineering for a mixture knob of Cessna 172 aircraft. First the part was 3D scanned and converted to cad file extension. The errors were removed and deviation analysis was done to get estimate of tolerance limits of the part and 3D printing was done. The results were compared in terms of dimensions and operability, which proved reverse engineering to be an adequate method of reproducing industrial partsItem DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF MINIATURE TURBO JET ENGINE(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Abdullah Imran, Muhammad Mahmood Mudasir and Tariq IqbalThe development and manufacturing of small engines with jet propulsion systems is relatively new, given that this form of gas turbine began to be investigated and developed many years before the initial building of such small turbojets engines. However, as time progressed, the gas turbines proved to be a greater challenge, becoming increasingly difficult to construct. Evolve and advance. Improving a minor aspect of the gas turbine necessitates a thorough examination of the gas turbine's multiple functional areas, necessitating the acquisition of new knowledge and skills. Although the detail may be minute, its impact on overall performance would be significant. Until recently, these miniature jet engines played no vital role in the aviation industry and were mainly utilized for model jets. In spite of the fact that, according to the history of scientific development, these engines are being investigated and prepared for integration into Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as their propulsion system. This document covers the development of a miniature turbojet engine based on the model of king-tech K310G. the authors of this document took inspiration from king-techs design and made modifications to it. The focus of this project is mainly on the compression ratio produced. Design and dimensioning of the Miniature turbojet engine is the most crucial step in this endeavor, then comes the manufacturing process which describes how the parts were made. from there the authors study the flaws that they encountered while making the project and the techniques they used to solve them. Lastly two major sections have been discussed in detail which are practical phase and the assembly of all the parts together with the electronic components and lastly the final testing of the Miniature turbojet engine’s compression testItem IMPACT OF TEACHER COMMUNICATION ON STUDENT LEARNING USING STUDENT EDUCATION LEVEL AS MODERATOR(UMT, Lahore, 2023) MUHAMMAD AREEB ZULFIQAR, DANISH WAHEEDPurpose - In today world, learning has become the need of everyone. Due to different ways of communication, everyone face difficulties in learning. To improve the student learning there is one most important thing that is needed to be improved, which is teachers’ communication. This paper aims to explore the relationship of teacher communication and student learning with respect to student education level. Design/ Methodology/ Approach - In this study, a quantitative approach is adopted, and data is collected using survey questionnaire method. The survey is based on measures related to teacher communication, student learning and demographic information. The data is collected from 360 respondents, from which 300 respondents match the requirements of this study and from this sample size 134 respondents are male and 166 are female respondents. In this study, different tests are used such as descriptive analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis, reliability statistics, correlation, t-test and “Andrew Hayes” process to check the moderation. Findings - It is found that there is a significant and strong positive relation between teacher communication and student learning. In this study, teacher communication has great positive impact on student learning while education level do not moderate the relationship. Originality/ Values - The study aims to assist in the improvement of teacher communicational ways in higher education institutions that will lead to improved student learning and academic achievement. And the study has practical implication for teachers and authorities that can be used to meet the need and requirement of students at different stages of their study.Item TO ANALYZE THE ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH SUSTAINABILITY. THE MEDIATING ROLE OF EMPLOYEE TRAINING.(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Asim Zaman, Muhammad Mujtaba Dilawar and Faizan TouqeerThe purpose of this research thesis is to analyze the organizational development through sustainability that has three main aspects including social, economic and environmental that plays an important role in attaining the sustainable environment in the organizations. Moreover the impact and effect of employee training to develop the aviation industry of Pakistan. For this purpose researchers conduct a survey with a sample size of 155 respondents and went in the industry to collect primary data from different people of different department. The sampling method that is used to collect the data is from both random sampling and snowball sampling. They made 5 questionnaire of different variables that are (social, environmental, organizational development, economic, employee training). They collected the data by using online platforms by creating a Google form and collected the data online as well as they went physically to collect the data through printed questionnaire from employees. After collecting the primary data from the industry they used the tool SPSS to analyze the final results. There are some limitations that the researchers has to face during this research is that they cannot target the industry of other cities of the country like Sialkot, Islamabad airport due to lack of resources. Within the city of Lahore the survey has been conducted. After analyzing the results the researcher found out that there is a weak relationship between organizational development and sustainability that means in the aviation industry of Pakistan sustainable practices are not considered as important compared to the Aviation industry of other countries like UAE and Europe side. There is still a lot of room available about sustainable environment that need to be improve inItem Effects of Big Five Personality Traits on Student’s Commitment to the Field of Aviation(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Umar Bin Mansoor, Hina Khalid, Muhammad Arham Saleemi and Syed Burjees Haider TirmizThis study investigated the relationship between personality traits and student's commitment to the field of aviation. A sample of 352 students enrolled in an aviation management program at different universities in Lahore completed a personality test and a survey on their commitment to the field of aviation. Further, the data was computed through regression analysis. The results showed that students who scored high on Extraversion and Openness to experience were more likely to be committed to a career in aviation. These findings suggest that personality traits can be used to identify students who are more likely to succeed in the aviation industry.Item FOG REDUCTION AT AIRPOR(UMT, Lahore, 2023) AYESHA HALEEM; TUBA YASIN; RIMSHA AMJAD; NADIA FARRUKH; SEHRISH NAAZ; AFSHAN MANZOORIn Aviation Industry, poor visibility due to fog has remain a global issue throughout the history. Fog has remained a top most priority for the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to somehow reduce it and enhance the landing and take-off procedures effectively and efficiently. This research paper emphasizes on “Reduction of Fog at Airports”, through means of practical experiments with the help of chemicals like “Calcium Chloride Dihydrate; Potassium Per magnate; Polyvinyl alcohol 72000; Sand and Sodium Chloride”. It represents solution for Industry to overcome fog issue with the perspective that this experiment can be done on a larger scale with proper cautions so that airports threshold marking can be seen clearly at night during winters. The fog reduction is the ultimate solution that can be done beforehand through weather forecasting and also future prediction of weather so that preparation of fog elimination at airport can be done with caution and cover larger areas at the vicinity of airport. This paper emphasizes on use of such chemicals that are anti-fogging agents (acidic in nature) and are available easily. The comparison between used chemicals is also shown through figures and their effectiveness is compared. The occupied Time recorded, thermometer readings and humidity sensors used to take humidity readings for this particular experiment. There is no effect of external factor on the experiment. Fog reduction experiment is done with consideration of implementing it on larger scale by Aviation Authorities on the runways and resolving the poor visibility issues faced by pilots while landing and take-offs. This is a “Revolutionary Experiment” for the Aviation Industry