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Item An exegesis of institutionalized racism(UMT, Lahore, 2023) AREEJ ASLAMThis research comparatively analyses the short stories "Arrangement in Black and White” by Dorothy Parker and “Slave on the Block” by Langston Hughes. It investigates the penetration of racial discrimination in American society, its institutions, and social structures after the Harlem Renaissance in the early 20th century. Hughes and Dorothy both unveil the hypocrisy of White Supremacists who, on the one hand, used cultural appropriation to acknowledge Black Art, Literature, and Music and demonize them at the same time. This research aims to examine the social status of Blacks in American society after the abolition of slavery and how people of the White race deprecate them. The first and third tenets of “Critical Race Theory '' proposed by Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancic are used as a theoretical lens to put emphasis on how racial discrimination is institutionalized in American society and how Racism is a social construct not biological. The main objective of this study is to understand how racism was institutionalized in American society and how the segregated Blacks respond to it after the legal abolition of slavery. The aim of this research is to highlight how the same thematic concern of Institutionalized racism has been taken up and dealt with by the writers of two different races. It will also shed light on how White supremacists implicitly endorse racial segregation of Black through language, art, and music in the work of selected writers. The abolition of physical slavery had no effect on the White supremacists due to which the legacy of suppression and marginalization continued.Item Linguistic comparative analysis of Pakistan’s Parwaaz Hai Junoon and Saudi Arabia’s the perfect candidate through a feminist lens(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Urva MudassirThe language of men and women in movies with regards to feminism has been under the microscope for decades. As the world advances, feminism has become an integral part of ideology surrounding speech. Language addressed to women with professional pursuits, whether supportive or resistive, has not been studied before. The data was evaluated by the thematic analysis of two movies from both the industries i.e., Lollywood’s Parwaaz Hai Junoon and Saudi Arabia’s The Perfect Candidate film industry. The analysis was carried out according to Braun and Clark's (2013) process of thematic analysis with a focus on Saldana’s methodology. The results revealed several restrictive elements in the language used to address headstrong women and the lexical choices they exercised to combat it. The major themes included External Opposing Forces, Intrinsic Motivation, External Support towards the Protagonist, Act of Defiance against Opposition, Seeking External Support and Transformation in Society. The findings of this research may help scholars comprehend how deeply language is involved in upholding societal expectations, myths and stereotypes. Language is a tool, and the more carefully it is utilized, the lesser the damage these invisible entities can makeItem Integration of call in improving Pakistani ESL learners’ speaking skills(UMT, Lahore, 2023) WARDA SHEIKHThis study aims to investigate Pakistani ESL learners’ perceptions of the role of students and their attitudes towards using computer-assisted language learning (CALL) to improve their speaking skills. Thus, answers to the following research questions will be explained in this research. a) What is the role of CALL on improvement of Pakistani ESL learners’ speaking skills? b) Are computers and other CALL-related online technical resources easy to access for the students at their University of Management and Technology? c) Are the infrastructure and facilities provided by their institution sufficient and conducive to improving the English-speaking skills of ESL learners? d) What is the student’s attitude towards using CALL to improve their English speaking skills, according to Pakistani ESL students?Unified theory of Acceptance and use of Technology (UTAUT) is employed as a theoretical framework of this research.The researcher employed a straightforward random selection procedure to choose a sample of students for the study's questionnaire survey. The participants in this study 111 English language learners enrolled in English I, II, III, and IV, which are all required courses at University of Management and Technology, Lahore. Data is gathered by the researcher using a questionnaire; it is then processed using a content analysis tool and displayed as percentages. The main conclusions of the study showed that most students have favorable opinions of computer-assisted language learning (CALL), that CALL enriches students' knowledge and information, that CALL gives students access to new and current information, and that CALL is crucial in helping students improve their speaking abilities.According to the study's recommendations, students should use computers to learn English, and given the importance of utilizing all forms of technology during the learning process, colleges should allow their students access to computers in order to improve learning. Future researchers can use 4-5 government colleges as a sample instead of the one private university used in this study, which had a small sample size. Future academics can also examine how CALL is incorporated into writing, reading, and listening.Item A linguistic analysis of Kamli by Sarmad Khoosat through the lens of visual grammar(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Shajeeah SyedThis study aims to explore the linguistic and visual grammar aspect of Sarmad Khoosat’s Kamli(2022), with in depth analysis of shots from the movie. In the light of Kress and van Leeuwen’s Multi-modal Discourse analysis, the dissertation will analyze the role concrete and non concrete objects play linguistically in the movie. It will also explore the representational and interactive meaning the images from the movie convey. The study unravels not only the physical details of setting and props in the movie but also the psychological suffering of the protagonist of Kamli, by dissecting the physical details in scenes from the movie that has not been worked on yet, under the lens of visual grammar. No other film of Khoosat Film house has undergone a linguistic analysis in the light of visual grammar and Multi-modal Discourse. The scope of studying films with respect to the importance of visual grammar in the field of Linguistics in Pakistan, and the country’s film industry is rather low, which adds to the significance of this research.Item A Freudian analysis(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Maheen BabarIt is assumed that most of one’s actions are governed by one’s unconscious which makes it an important as well as dangerous part of one’s personality. Likewise, Japanese folktales particularly centered around the genre of ‘horror’ deal with the unconscious ‘animalistic’ desires to control the hierarchical structures of the society. The main problem arises when a person’s mind is influenced by the unconscious memories, which can be good or sometimes evil. When the evil unconscious memories or desires overtake a human's mind, it leads them towards mental illnesses and reclusiveness. By critically analyzing horror movie: “Audition (1999)” based on these themes, this research paper will show how Japanese horror movies are telling us about its society and its anxieties. Using Freudian Theory of Psyche, this paper will conclude how “Id” of the human mind can affect their behavior in a strange way thus leading towards problematic social structures.Item The impact of bilingual education on language development and academic achievement(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Asad AliThe purpose of this study is to foresee the learner's perspective on the study approach, which is very different from their prior learning strategies used in a university classroom context. The SPSS analysis is used to look at the information gathered from the constraints and guidelines of the learner-centred approach, of university students. Therefore, it is more beneficial to debate the applicability of bilingual education system with extensive data. The 50 UMT main campus students who are enrolled in the English course were asked for their opinions as part of the data collection process through a questionnaire. The learner-centred approach is a strand of the bilingual teaching and learning process, but the efficacy of the results is significantly greater than that of the conventional techniques applied up to the undergraduate level in Pakistani classrooms. Because university students are aware of their demands as a result of their choice of a particular subject field, colleges place a greater emphasis on their wants and ambitions. To study the effectiveness of students' perceptions about the impact of bilingual education on language leraning and their vision of the learner-centred classroom environment as ESL students, the results are decided from the acquired data while keeping the learner-centred approach as a priority.Item Stylistic analysis of Edgar Allan Poe’s short story ‘the black cat’(UMT, Lahore, 2023) ZERBA AMJADWith the help of stylistic analysis, this thesis aims to examine the short story (The Black Cat) by Edgar Allan Poe. The framework for the stylistic study is foregrounding. As a result, the study focuses on the chosen short story's key linguistic and literary components. This study is descriptive in nature while the data collection is qualitative because of stylistic analysis. This study discussed the relevant literature that has been written in this field as well as theories that connect to stylistics and provide potential examples. This study recognizes the literary elements in selected short story and talk about this short story's style using the foregrounding theory as a framework. The foreground theory was chosen for this study to generate a specific influence or to convey a specific idea. It provides the criteria for establishing the feature, which we investigate and determine how readers perceive the writer's words. The selected short story is examined briefly in the analysis section, which also discusses the author's devices that he used in his short story under the theory of foregrounding. Poe used parallelism, allusion, metaphor, symbolism, and other techniques to enhance his writing and catch the attention of the reader.Item Issues faced in speaking English by Pakistani ESL student at university level(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Afia KhalidThe aim of this study is to investigate the types of challenges that Pakistani ESL students face at university level when speaking English. Specifically, in Pakistan most of the students are reluctant to speak English for few reasons. This research was conducted in two private institutes of Lahore, Pakistan. Model of Krashen's Monitor was used as theoretical framework for the current study. Challenges, proficiency, knowledge, strategy were the themes on which the issues of Pakistani ESL students are investigated. The population was 113 students of private institutes who were enrolled in English course as a compulsory subject. The research design of this study was qualitative in which questionnaire was conducted by students of English course. Questionnaire was based on four sections 5 questions in each section. After analyzing the data, it was presented in table form. “GOOGLE FORM” was used to designed questionnaire. The data was collected online. In this study random sampling technique was used. The findings of this research revealed that Pakistani ESL students have a lot of issues such as they feel hesitant, have grammatical issues, feel difficulty while pronouncing different words. The content analysis tool was used to analyze the results. The data was analyzed by using simple percentages and frequency of responses.Item The role of positive reinforcement in motivating student learning in ESL classroom(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Arfa AsifThis study aims to examine the impact of reinforcement in motivating student learning. The impact of the teacher on students' motivation to learn is discussed in this research. The research on learning and motivation suggests techniques teachers may use to boost their students' motivation to learn. The development of a supportive learning environment is just one aspect of the teacher's role in motivation. Learning motivation is increased by the teacher's role in promoting independence, relevance, and connection between the subject material and the students' lives. Additionally, a key element influencing students' motivation to study is the teacher's capacity to develop their competence, interest in the subject material, and confidence in themselves. The study design uses a qualitative method approach: semi-structured interviews and open-ended questionnaires were used for data collection. Findings of the study showed that reinforcement has a great and long-lasting impact on learning of the students.Item Representation of parental figures(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Manahil InamThis study aims to examine some of the children’s trendy nursery rhymes from YouTube channels; “Cocomelon” and “ChuChu Tv” in order to examine the portrayal of parental figures and their roles while utilizing various modes of communication through which they are being showcased to young children. Thus, this study will seek the answers concerning the following research questions; 1. What is the purpose of portraying parental figures in YouTube nursery rhymes? 2. How are parental figures represented in YouTube nursery rhymes through language, visual and auditory modes of communication. This study has incorporated Kress (2009) theory of multimodal discourse analysis as the theoretical framework. Ten nursery rhyme songs from the YouTube channels; Cocomelon and ChuChu Tv’s have been selected for this study through purposive sampling. For data collection procedure, qualitative observation has been carried and descriptive research design has been incorporated as this study has chosen already existing YouTube nursery rhymes videos as the research tool to gather the answers. The results revealed that parental figures are frequently portrayed in nursery rhymes as great role models, nurturers, guardians and teachers for their children. They are always available to offer emotional support and build a caring atmosphere for their children. The multimodal nursery rhymes were found to be fostering pleasing associations in the minds of kids by associating the parents with enjoyable and pleasurable activities. Depiction of parents also makes the context relatable for children and is a source of learning. It was also found that visual, language and audio modes of communication were skillfully incorporated in these nursery rhymes simultaneously. Future researches can be done on cultural variations in nursery rhymes, and evolution of nursery rhyme songs.Item Political speech analysis(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Eeshah GullThis research puts light on a comparative study, where two genders come across in one domain of politics. In 2016 Hillary Clinton was nominated as the first female candidate to represent her party. Donald Trump as being a Republican Party nominee put accusations over Hillary that she was using “women’s card” and playing safe and giving politically correct answers to portray herself as a victim and being there for the victims. By using a quantitative approach, this paper will use the Aristotle’s three appeals and analyze that was she actually being victimized and being accused of using women card, or was is caught guilty of manipulating her audience. This study will prove the role of power, dominance and gender hierarchy by using gender and dominance models given by linguists. This research will analyze Donald Trump’s speech as her competitive in politics and analyzing that is manipulation only done by female in politics or either males too use this tool and are never accounted for. Moreover, the research will examine the persuasive strategies present in Donald Trump’s speech (acceptance speech), as that speech shows the persuasive strategies to unveil the identity of Donald Trump as a persuasive speaker. With the help of micro-analysis in this study the Searle’s speech acts are used to find out the intended speaker’s meaning. What assertives, commissives, directives, expressives and declarations are used in his speech? So as a conclusion to this research clearly shows Trump’s strategy to demonstrate the use of plural pronouns to his audience feel more attached with him and in return it will raise the emotions of the audience like solidarity and care among the speaker and audience, in order to achieve his purpose 7 | Page of manipulating the audience that he could get re-elected again against his opponent Joe Biden, as its not only the women who are using persuasive language in politics and the patriarchal society only blames a women for being manipulative and using a persuasive language.Item Generational perspectives of gas lighting in the shadow of the crescent moon by Fatima Bhutto(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Ehsan ElahiSince the beginning of the war on terror, Pak-Afghan relations have not been functioning properly. This has destabilized Pakistan internally, especially Pakhtoons, foreign attacks on their lands have made them hostile to the Pakistani government. Although national solidarity makes its way toward this issue, the conditions of both sides should be involved while taking drastic measures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the war on terror on the psyche of the people and how it changed their perspective toward the state. Throughout the novel, the characters like Mina, Sikandar, Samara, and several others characters are going through psychological pressures because of war. It also highlights the state manipulation and how it is playing a puppet in the hands of the elite class and especially for America to get political and economic support and put the life of their people in danger. The state failed to protect the fundamental right of the people who were living near the Afghan border. The novel Shadow of the Crescent Moon gracefully highlights the problem and suffering of the people and the state’s failure for not taking any steps for them. The novel presents Pakistan as a state where lawlessness is abundant and fundamental rights are seized. This research tries to answer the questions regarding the issues of the people of FATA and Waziristan and their desires for freedom. The qualitative research method is used for data analysis and several scholars’ perspectives are analyzed with the theory of cultural hegemony. This research would hopefully answer all the questions which are raised in the research. The answers would hopefully explain the questions that are long due in these lines.Item Digital populism(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Habibah AbdullahThis study aims at finding the strategies and their impact that Imran Khan has used on social media platforms to invoke populist spirit among the people of Pakistan. Thus, the answers to the following research questions were explored in this study: 1. What are most commonly employed ways on Imran’s Khan personal accounts that make him relatable to a Common Man? 2. What are the strategies employed by Imran Khan and his media cell via his social media accounts to justify that his efforts are in the interest of the people unlike those in opposition? 3. What are the responses of people on social media when they observe his strategies that make him relatable to a common man? 4. What are the responses of people on social media regarding Khan’s approach in making them believe that he is working in their interests unlike those currently in power? This study utilizes qualitative approach in which social media posts and their comments were collected as data. It is causal research where the photograph and video posts by Imran Khan and their responses in the form of comments from citizens were collected via convenience and purposive sampling subtypes of non-probability sampling for observation. Result of the study suggested that Imran Khan’s strategies include him taking religion very seriously, him knowing the issues of public, him not preferring any special treatment compared to others etc. and most people’s response to that was positive and trusting him to become their leader.Item Role of black feminism(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Hira KamranBy using the theory of Black feminism, which was first developed by a group known as Combahee River Collection; a Black feminist organization, on Toni Morrison's God Help the Child, this research examines the liberation of the oppressed Black woman, Bride, and her profound transformation from traumatic childhood to well-defended adulthood. Black feminism is a diverse movement that highlights the social and political realities of African American women. In the novel, racism, sexism, and the skin-hierarchies within the Black community are all discussed. These interwoven forms of oppression are referred to as "double jeopardy," and the philosophy of Black feminism seeks to destroy them. The experiences of Black women, who are frequently ignored in the language of mainstream feminism, are traumatized by the racial prejudice towards dark skin. Black feminism gives black women more power by encouraging self-acceptance. By destroying the oppressive institutions that interact with race, gender, and class, womanism focuses on establishing equality as well as equity.Item Child’s future as a manifestation of parents’ past(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Nimra BatoolThis study explores how parents’ past experiences influence the psychological development of their children. It examines the adverse effects of a history of violence and injustice on parents’ behaviour, resulting in the victimization of their offspring. Moreover, the research focuses mainly on the negative impact of different parenting styles on the psychological behaviour of their children. It underscores the idea that reduced warmth and communication gaps between parents and children contribute to suicidal adolescent behaviour. The study also addresses the negative influence of intergenerational trauma on children’s psychological and emotional upbringing. Furthermore, this research highlights diverse risk factors of parents’ psychological distress, which subsequently become root causes for children’s depression, low self-esteem and anxiety. Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar and Toni Morrison’s Beloved serve as illustrations of these claims. Morrison underscores the impact of parents’ history of violence and subjugation on the behavioural patterns of their offspring. She reiterates that the past of parents can bite their children’s present and can shape their present and future. In comparison to her, Plath presents children’s psychological challenges stemming from controlling and authoritarian parenting. Thus, this study anticipates the extensive influence of parents on wield across facets of their children’s lives, be they social, socio-political, familial or personal.Item Exploratory factor analysis of corpus stylistics(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Saadia KhanThis work explores corpus stylistics in the context of Bapsi Sidhwa's writings using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). This study tries to find and analyze the basic variables that contribute to the stylistic variances evident in Sidhwa's literary corpus by utilizing a comprehensive collection of her novels. The research intends to determine the latent dimensions that shape the distinctive stylistic qualities observed in Sidhwa's writings by extracting related linguistic features and applying EFA approaches. This case study's findings not only improve our understanding of corpus stylistics, but also give vital insights into the different stylistic characteristics found in Bapsi Sidhwa's literary works. This investigation adds to the larger area of literary analysis by providing a thorough assessment of the corpus stylistics in the context of a well-known author's work.Item The parodic nature of terry pratchett's small gods(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Muhammad Asad RazaThis research aims to explore the idea of belief and the complex nature of one, absolute ideology in Terry Pratchett’s Small Gods. Investigation of organized religion and religious institutes and their use of dogma to gain control over the masses. This thesis deploys the postmodern philosophy which argues that reality is subjective and rejects the notion of absolute truths. The understanding of this analogy helps create differentiation between theocratic and democratic societies and reveals the absurdities that prevail in a theocratic rule. This study analyzes the characters of Brutha, Vorbis, Om, and Didactylos to reveal contrasting ideologies and their existence in free and restricting societies. This dissertation also highlights the way language can be used to create a tool to control the mentality of the people. It also underlines the relationship between gods and their believers. This study encompasses Brutha as an innocent mirror-like character and how he creates a bridge to connect faith and humanistic characteristics without the need for religion. This research employs deconstruction theory to create a binary between faith and religion. The concept of power and its connection with religion and the distinction among them. This study is qualitative in nature and makes use of Small Gods as the primary source with several scholarly articles and books as secondary sources to understand the philosophical intentions of Terry Pratchett in this novel.Item Exploring the problems faced by english language students and teachers regarding learner- centered instructions at intermediate level education in pakistani ESL context(UMT, Lahore, 2023) TALHA MAHMOODThis study aims to examine the challenges and issues associated with introducing learner-centered instruction (backward design) to English language students and teachers in Pakistan. The main focus of this research revolves around the question of the problems faced by English language teachers and students when implementing learner-centered instructional education. This paper explores the rationale behind learner-centered education and investigates the challenges of this instructional design according to Pakistani English language teachers and students. A questionnaire was administered online to 120 selected English language students using convenient sampling. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 teachers to gather more data. The study is limited to English language students and teachers in Pakistan. The findings indicate that both teachers and students perceive the use of learner-centered curriculum at the Intermediate level in Pakistan as a challenging task. Therefore, policymakers and educational managers should provide training for English language teachers and guide them in supporting their students to meet the academic and social demands of learner-centered instruction.Item A gynocritical study of malala’s autobiography I am malala(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Muhammad ShahThis research paper investigates to understand the description and nuances of femininity in females’ writing in the book I Am Malala by Malala Yousafzai and Christina Lamb by applying Elaine Showalter’s theory of Gynocriticism as a theoretical framework. I Am Malala is an autobiography based on the author's nostalgic childhood life struggle and harsh experiences. Gynocriticism is a feminist criticism that illustrates the feminine experiences and struggles for their very own quality writings to construct their own separate identity in a patriarchal environment. For ages, women were using and adapting males’ models of writing and theories to express themselves, but this narrative has changed over time, and progressively women are trying to seek writings and theories based on their own experiences and subjectivity. Along with the author’s personal experiences as a female writer, this research comprehends in what way women face obstacles to surpass the literary tradition phases suggested by Elaine Showalter that is ‘Feminine, Feminist and Female’ to speak for themselves in their language and to construct their own identity through their writing. This research also claims in what manner the harsh experiences of a female author are reflected in the text. This research further tends to highlight the delinquent atmosphere of particular rural society and culture in a comparison to metropolitan areas and the process of shaping the identity of female authors where they reside. Therefore, the objective of this research is why women need a text in their own voices to demonstrate their own experiences by replacing male's experiences and models of literary writings. Hence, this research will deduce how the internalized sexism about women can only be unveiled and addressed genuinely through women’s writing.Item Scrutinizing the invisible hands of ideology(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Aleeha ZainabThe research aims to scrutinize the invisible hands of ideology in Margaret Atwood’s novel The Handmaid’s Tale under the lens of theory by Louis Althusser known as “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses”. The main objective behind this research is to focus on the role of all the political ideologies that are operating in Gilead, their effects on women, and the utilization of these ideologies as a tool of oppression. Another objective is to highlight the importance of resistance against all oppressive structures and standing for what is right. The consultation of theory of Althusser reveals the reality that how the ruling class with the help of ideology uses force and agendas to oppress women mentally and economically. The research tends to focus on the exploration of the ways that are utilized in the totalitarian regime of Gilead where ISAs play a crucial role in perpetuating power and male domination. Moreover, the research tends to explore the state’s hidden ideology behind every rule the state has made as proletariats have been provided the strict gender roles and a dress code. The researcher has analyzed that The Handmaids Tale has not been scrutinized before through the economic and material oppression of women which is done through the hidden political ideologies constructed by the ruling class. Therefore, this research has offered invaluable insights to the future researchers who desire to trace the fact that how ideology works unconsciously. The research has been proved qualitative as it is based on the textual analysis of novel The Handmaid’s Tale as a primary source and on collective information extracted through different authentic articles and sources as secondary sources.
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