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Item Understanding psychosocial and grief experiences of divorced mothers navigating child custody(UMT Lahore, 2024) Azba SohailDiscords between spouses are increasing alarmingly and have the potential to worsen to the point of divorce, which can have a significant effect on the lives of those involved as well as their families. The present study explores the emotional journey of divorced mothers by understanding their psychosocial adjustment, challenges and healing with grief. Six divorced mothers were selected using purposive and snowball sampling technique. For an interview purpose, a semi-structured interview guide was made which contained questions related to the psycho-social, emotional and legal challenges experienced by divorced mothers who has lost custody of their children, how divorce impacted these mothers, how they coped with the grief and emotional distress while managing their daily life chores. Transcriptions of interviews were done using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) for an inductive analysis. Five superordinate themes were made by the development of numerous subordinate themes from the transcribed data. The themes emerged were recognizing key contributors to divorce, combating multifaceted challenges amidst divorce stigma, navigating the silent struggles in the wake of losing custody of a child, barriers to seeking justice and path towards healing by embracing divorce through various approaches. The research findings will contribute to the existing body of knowledge that will help mental health professionals, policymakers, and support organizations in tailoring their services to better assist divorced mothers in navigating these challenging circumstances by implicitly coping with the grief and loss and promoting their well-being meaningfully in Pakistani society whilst exploring the intervening role of family and friends in this regard.Item Sanctimoniousness, work volition, mobbing, ostracism and conflict management among university teachers(UMT Lahore, 2024) Iqra TahirThe present study investigated the relationship between sanctimoniousness, work volition, mobbing, ostracism and conflict management among university teachers. It was hypothesized that there is likely to be a relationship between sanctimonious, work volition, mobbing, ostracism and conflict management in university teachers. Correlation research design has been used in this research. The sample comprised of N=300 (males=144, female=156) with the age range of 25-60 (M= 35.61; SD =7.28). Three assessment measures were used to assess the study variables including self-righteousness scale, work volition scale, Luxembourg workplace mobbing scale, workplace ostracism scale and conflict management styles scale. The correlation analysis revealed that sanctimoniousness significantly negatively correlate with ostracism and significantly positively correlate with three dimensions of conflict management collaborating, compromising and obliging. Work volition significantly positively correlate with five dimensions of conflict management collaborating, compromising, avoiding, competing and dominating and significantly negatively correlate with ostracism. Ostracism significantly negatively correlate with four dimensions of conflict management collaborating, compromising, obliging and competing there was a predicting role of work volition, and ostracism on conflict management dimension collaborating, competing, compromising, avoiding, obliging and dominating. Work volition and its sub scale mediate the ostracism, gender and conflict management. Moreover, significant gender differences were found in work volition and conflict management. The study can be beneficial for organizations to promote citizenship behavior among employees.Item Family language policy in multilingual families in lahore(UMT Lahore, 2024) RABIA AAMIR SHEIKHThis thesis highlights the Family Language Policies (FLPs) employed by multilingual families living in Lahore while considering their language practices and ideologies by applying the language policy model presented by Bernard Spolsky. This thesis draws on the qualitative method. The data was collected through semi structured interviews with twelve parents (either mother or father) residing in Lahore from different linguistic backgrounds. For the analysis, the data were coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings from this thesis suggest that parents constantly make decisions to choose and speak certain languages depending on the situation they are in, who they are communicating with, and where they are communicating. Additionally, to maintain their home and heritage language, they make efforts to use them with their family and the elder members of the family, respectively. However, they subconsciously give more priority to home language and L2 as opposed to the heritage language. This thesis bridges the gap left behind the previous studies by exploring the FLP of multilingual families living in their source country. Whereas, previous studies focused largely upon the diasporic or immigrant families. This thesis is deemed significant as it can provide valuable insights in regard to the family language policies employed by the parents living in Lahore and the linguistic development, they observe in their children due to their policies. Furthermore, the current thesis approaches the family language policy model critically.Item Attachment styles, perfectionism, and academic i procrastination(UMT Lahore, 2024) Maham ImranThere are many stressors that student’s face in their day to day university routine, some are able to cope with them but some might get involved into procrastination habits that becomes a significant reason for student’s academic downfall. The present study explore how different factors like attachment styles and perfectionism can lead to academic procrastination meanwhile testing impostor phenomenon as a mediator component between these factors. The study used a correlational research design and for that the researcher tested its proposed model with 300 university students Male (n= 38), Female (n= 186). The data was collected using convenient sampling technique. Data was collected from the participants through survey questionnaires which include Adult Attachment Scale, Almost Perfect Scale, Multidimensional Academic Procrastination Scale, and Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale. Structural Equation Modelling was used for testing mediation and it was conducted through SMARTPLS 4. The results of the study indicated that insecure attachment and adaptive perfectionism were significantly associated to academic procrastination whereas secure attachment and maladaptive perfectionism were non-significant. The mediation analysis revealed that impostor phenomenon partially mediated the relationship between secure attachment style and academic procrastination whereas impostor syndrome also partially mediated the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and academic procrastination. Impostor phenomenon was not found to be mediating between insecure attachment and adaptive perfectionism with academic procrastination. The findings of the current study will contribute towards the present literature and will help educators, stakeholders of the state and mental health professionals to develop different interventions via which students can deal with procrastination habits in an effective manner.Item Leader indecisiveness, workplace ostracism, self i undermining and work engagement among employees of manufacturing industries(UMT Lahore, 2024) Ambraiza ImtiazThe present research was intended to explore the impact of leader indecisiveness, workplace ostracism and self-undermining behaviors on employee work engagement with a focus on the moderating effects of employee age and tenure within the organization A correlational research design was used to execute this study. It was hypothesized that leader indecisiveness, workplace ostracism and self-undermining are negatively correlated with work engagement and this relationship is moderated by employee age and tenure in an organization. The data was collected through questionnaire survey forms from 400 employees of manufacturing industries. In addition to Demographic Information Sheet, Supervisor Decisiveness Scale, Workplace Ostracism scale, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, Self-Undermining Scale were used to assess the under study variables. The Cronbach alpha of above scales was estimated to check the reliability. The above mentioned scales were also translated to Urdu language, which is the national language of Pakistan, through standardized translation procedures. The results reveal that leader indecisiveness, workplace ostracism, and self-undermining behaviors negatively influence work engagement. Furthermore, age moderates these relationships, with younger employees being more adversely affected by these negative influences compared to their older counterparts. By addressing these insights, organizations can create environments that promote higher levels of work engagement, leading to improved employee satisfaction and organizational performance.Item Dark tetrad, commitment uncertainty, loneliness and extra dyadic relationhsips among married individuals(UMT Lahore, 2024) MEHROZE FAROOQ KHANThe present study explored the relationship between dark tetrad, commitment uncertainty, loneliness and extra dyadic relationships among married individuals also the mediating role of commitment uncertainty as well as loneliness influencing the relationship between dark tetrad and extra dyadic relationships among married individuals. It was a correlational research design. The data were collected from 210 males and females with the age range of 18-76 (M=35.55, SD= 11.52) being married for minimum <1 year, using google forms by employing purposive sampling strategy. The self-constructed demographic sheet, The Short Dark Tetrad Scale (Paulhus, 2013), Commitment Uncertainty Short Scale (Stanley & Rhoades, 2011), Loneliness in Intimate Relationship Scale (Rokach, 2022), Internet Infidelity Questionnaire (Nooripour et al., 2016) and Infidelity Scale (Drigotas et al., 1999) were used for the assessment. The results of Pearson product moment correlation showed that the dark tetrad personality, commitment uncertainty and loneliness were positively correlated with extra dyadic relationships including internet and physical infidelity. Further, Commitment uncertainty was found to be positively correlated with the detachment, hurt and guilt, domains of loneliness among married individuals. The results of multiple hierarchal regression showed that sadism positively predicted the sexual infidelity among married individuals. Further, commitment uncertainty positively predicted the extradyadic relationships including internet and physical infidelity. Moreover, detachment negatively and hurt positively predicted the friendly activities, emotional activities, sexual activities of internet infidelity as well as overall physical infidelity among married individuals. The results of mediation through PROCESS MACRO showed a significant mediating role of commitment uncertainty between sadism viii and extra dyadic relationships including internet and physical infidelity, as well as between psychopathy and internet infidelity. Further, the independent sample t-test showed significant gender differences in terms of sadism only. This present study serves a great contribution in the field of counselling psychology by focusing especially on marital problems and highlighting the factors that contribute to the extra dyadic relationships in married individuals.Item Psychosocial issues, cognitive appraisals, coping strategies and quality of life in females with hirsutism(UMT Lahore, 2024) AROOB SOHAILThe study aims to investigate Psycho-social Issues, Cognitive Appraisal, Coping Styles and Quality of Life in Females with Hirsutism that females with hirsutism suffer what cognitive appraisal, and coping strategies could be, and how they help in the lifestyle or quality of life of hirsute females. According to the hypothesis, there is likely to be a positive relationship between psycho-social issues, cognitive appraisals, coping strategies, and quality of life in females with hirsutism. Psycho-social issues, cognitive appraisals, and coping strategies, likely to predict quality of life in females with hirsutism. Coping strategies will likely to mediate the relationship between psycho-social issues, cognitive appraisal and quality of life in females with hirsutism. Quantitative research was used in this research. The data was collected from females with hirsutism who were seeking laser treatments from laser/ aesthetic clinics. All females who suffered from hirsutism were a part of this research. Ferriman Gallwey score, Psycho-social Issues of Hirsute Women Scale (PIHWS,2019) (2 subscales), Cognitive Appraisal of Health Scale-Revised (CAHS-R, 1998) translated by Sohail & Tariq,2024(2-subscales), Coping Strategies Scale for Hirsute Women (CSSHW, 2019)(2 subscales) and Quality of Life Enjoyment & Satisfaction-Short form (2011) translated by Sohail & Tariq,2024 were the scales used in this research. Reliability, correlation, regression, ANOVA, t-tests and mediation analysis were conducted. Results revealed that there were no significant differences found. Correlation revealed that there was a negative relationship of Quality of life with past emotions, harm loss and emotional focus coping. Ferriman- Gallwey screening tool negatively significant with psychological burden, social withdrawal, emotional focus coping, problem focus coping and quality of life. Quality of life is positively significant with psychological burden, social withdrawal, problem solving and problem focus coping. Harm loss is a negatively significant predictor of quality of life. Whereas problem solving is a xxiv positively significant predictor of quality of life. Mediation Analysis shows that there is a partial mediation between the studied variables. Future theories for diagnosing it include taking into account the distress brought on by excessive hair growth and using artificial intelligence.Item Narcissism, organizational cynicism, organizational justice, and counterproductive work behavior among faculty(UMT Lahore, 2024) Irum RiazThis study examined the relationships between narcissism, organizational cynicism, organizational justice, and counterproductive work behavior (CWB) among teachers in Lahore, Pakistan, with a focus on the sector (government vs. private) and gender differences. Using a correlational design, data were collected from 300 teachers (150 per sector) via validated scales, including the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, Organizational Cynicism Scale, Organizational Justice Scale, and Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist. Results revealed that entitlement (a narcissism dimension) and affective cynicism significantly predicted CWB, while grandiosity and leadership traits of narcissism, as well as cognitive and behavioral cynicism, did not. Organizational justice moderated the relationship between organizational cynicism and CWB, though it did not buffer the narcissism-CWB link. Sector differences emerged at the organizational level, with government employees reporting higher CWB. Gender differences indicated males engaged more in organizational-level CWB. Limitations included self-report bias and geographic specificity. Practical implications suggest integrating personality assessments in recruitment and fostering fairness to mitigate CWB. Future research should employ mixed methods and diverse samples to enhance generalizability. This study contributes to understanding workplace deviance in non-Western educational contexts, emphasizing the interplay of individual traits, organizational dynamics, and cultural norms.Item Unethical pro-job behavior, effort-reward imbalance, employee silence and effort withholding in university teachers(UMT Lahore, 2024) MAHAM ZAHIDThe present study aims to find out the relationship between Unethical Pro-Organization behavior, Effort-Reward Imbalance, Employee Silence and Effort withholding in university teachers. It was hypothesized that there were likely to be a relationship between unethical pro job behavior, effort reward imbalance employee silence and effort withholding. A sample of 200 teachers was taken from 1 private and 1 public university with equal distribution on the basis of gender. Sample size was calculated by G-Power (Faul, 2009). Data was collected by using convenient sampling technique. Unethical Pro- Organization behavior scale, Effort-Reward Imbalance scale, Employee Silence scale and Effort withholding scale was used as assessment measures. Data was analyzed by using SPSS. Reliability analysis, correlation, regression, mediation analysis was used to analyze the data. Correlation analysis showed significant relationship between unethical pro job behavior, withholding effort, job neglect, social loafing, free riding, and shirking. The result of regression indicate that unethical pro job behavior predicts withholding effort, job neglect, free riding, shirking and social loafing in university teachers, whereas, Effort reward imbalance negatively predicts withholding effort, job neglect and shirking in university teachers but effort negatively predicts shirking in university teachers.Item Toxic workplace environment, work stress, job insecurity, employee performance and turnover intentions among banking employees(UMT Lahore, 2024) Javaria YaqoobThe banking industry, a cornerstone of the global financial system, faces challenges from toxic workplace environments (TWE), characterized by abusive leadership, interpersonal conflict, and a lack of support. This study examines the relationships between TWE, work stress (WS), job insecurity (JI), employee performance (EP), and turnover intentions (TI) among banking employees. A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was utilized. The data was collected from the 19 branches of Meezan Bank Lahore. The purposive convenience sampling technique was used to gather responses from the 190 banking employees. Structured questionnaires measured key variables, and statistical analysis, including regression and mediation analysis, was conducted to test hypotheses. Findings reveal that TWE significantly influences TI, particularly when WS levels are high, while JI, though impactful, does not moderate this relationship. EP mediates the relationship between TWE and TI, indicating that high-performing employees are more susceptible to workplace toxicity, underscoring its practical implications for retention strategies. Future research should employ longitudinal or mixed-method designs to establish causal relationships between TWE, WS, JI, EP, and TI. Investigating moderators like organizational support or resilience and comparing TWE’s impact across industries can offer broader insights into sector specific dynamics.Item Marriage proposal rejection, interpersonal needs, self compassion and social appearance anxiety in unmarried females(UMT Lahore, 2024) Saba AbdullahMarriage Proposal Rejection can cause many negative psychological reactions like anger, frustration, hopelessness and worthlessness. The present study investigates the relationship between marriage proposal rejection sensitivity, interpersonal needs, self-compassion and social appearance anxiety in unmarried females. It was a correlational research with a sample of 164 unmarried females with age range 25-35. The sample was selected through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Data was collected from the participants through survey questionnaires which include Marriage proposal rejection scale (Chaudhary and Subhan, 2015), Urdu version of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (Van Orden et al., 2012), Self Compassion Scale (Batool & Jabeen, 2017) and Urdu version of SAAS (Hart et al., 1999). The results indicated significant positive relationship among the marriage proposal rejection, interpersonal needs, self-compassion and social appearance anxiety. Where self-compassion has a significant negative relationship with the three variables. Analysis of differences were also conducted with different demographic and study variables. Marriage proposal rejection sensitivity and interpersonal needs distress are found to be the significant positive predictors of social appearance anxiety. Whereas self-compassion was found to be the non-significant predictor of social appearance anxiety. Interpersonal needs partially mediated as there is a significant direct effect of Marriage proposal rejection on social appearance anxiety. Lastly the interaction between Marriage proposal rejection sensitivity and self-compassion showed a significantly negative prediction on social appearance anxiety. The research findings will contribute to the existing body of literature that will help mental health professionals, policy makers and organizations in making their strategies to better assist females who are unmarried above the standard age so that they can deal effectively with their daily challenges.Item Impact of narcissism, machiavellianism, locus of control and creative self efficay on entrepreneurial intentions among university students(UMT Lahore, 2024) Humaira AkhtarThe study investigated the impact of narcissism, machiavellianism, locus of control, and creative self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions to pursue entrepreneurship in university students as well as examined the role of external locus of control in affecting the intentions to opt for business as a career choice. The nonprobability purposive sampling technique was used to collect data through a questionnaire survey with 357 BS students (167 = male, 190 = female) aged 19 to 36 in their final years from universities in Lahore. This research considered the personality traits by following the Theory of planned behavior to explore the relation between these variables as predictors of entrepreneurial intentions in Pakistani culture to find out the direction of the youth towards the intentions. Results established these personality traits narcissism, machiavellianism, locus of control, and creative self efficacy as predictors of entrepreneurial intentions. The study also revealed that the impact of an external locus of control as a moderator influences entrepreneurial intentions by fostering a sense of dependency on external circumstances, rather than just internal skills and efforts, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. New research will give insight into developing tendencies to get the admiration, entitlement, and manipulative mindset in students so that it could be possible to make strategies to maintain these characteristics on an adaptive level to optimize its benefits in the emerging business industry.Item Religiosity, gender role beliefs, contact & attitudes towards transgenders among university students(UMT Lahore, 2024) Vanessa KingTransgenders in have become prominent on social media and public platforms in Pakistan with the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights Act) shifting the attention to the marginalized group of society. This gave fuel to a series of debates in both political, social, and educational settings on the rights of transgenders. Furthermore, the presence of transgenders is increasingly becoming more prominent in the workforce and educational institutions and media. It is therefore imperative to gauge the attitudes of the youth of Pakistan towards transgenders as the youth is the future policy makers, government, decision makers and influencers etc. In the current study attitudes towards transgenders and the factors that influence was studied in Muslim(n=109) and Christian(n=100) university students (N=209). The results of this study indicate that increased contact with transgenders has a positive correlation with attitudes towards transgenders. Religiosity and traditional gender role beliefs have a negative correlation with attitudes transgenders. Similar correlations were found in the Muslim participants and Christian participants however religiosity and attitudes towards transgenders had no significant correlation for the Christian students. Male university students have more traditional gender role beliefs and negative attitudes towards transgenders as compared to female university students. However no significant gender difference was found in religiosity and contact. Similar gender differences were found among the Muslim and Christian participants. However no religious differences were found among the university students. Gender, education, contact, interpersonal relationship with transgenders, religiosity and gender role beliefs were found to be predictors of attitudes towards transgenders. Religiosity was found to partially moderate the relationship between gender role beliefs and attitudes towards transgenders. The results of the study were discussed in accordance with the sociocultural context of Pakistan.Item Language practices and linguistic attitudes among university graduates:(UMT Lahore, 2024) Ayesha MaryamThis study aims to investigate the language practices and linguistic attitudes of University graduates in Lahore. The University graduates from Gen Y, serving society through different professions are the focus of this research. Based on the assumption that the contemporary generation of millennials is responsible for shaping linguistic patterns of society in the future, the present study investigates their language practices and linguistic attitudes in different domains of speech community. For this purpose, the data has been collected from 30 university graduates, practicing different professions through a purposive sampling technique. The qualitative data has been collected through semi-structured interviews, and a descriptive approach has been used to analyze the data. Using Fishman’s domain theory (1965), this study focuses on the language practices of university graduates from Generation Y in the five major domains, classified as family, workplace, religion, friendship, and education, and explores their linguistic attitudes in other informal domains, such as entertainment, the findings of which have been substantiated by employing Spolsky’s model of language management (2019). The findings of the study reveal that UGs from Gen Y are multilingual in all domains, thus making translanguaging a common language practice among the speakers in Lahore. The findings also reveal that despite the derogatory attitudes of society towards the Punjabi language, the UGs from Gen Y take pride in their Punjabi ethnicity and have developed positive attitudes towards Punjabi. This research sets up forums for future researchers who desire to investigate the linguistic patterns among different ethnicities of Pakistan other than the Punjabi; the complex linguistic landscape of Lahore and its impact on the language patterns of future viii generations such as Gen Z and Gen Alpha can be also explored. Moreover, policymakers can also benefit from the findings of this study to design more effective language policies in the family, academic, and national domains.