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Item Design of prestressed slab(UMT. Lahore, 2024) Ali Umair Subhani; Shoaib Tanveer; Syed Ahmad Jamal; Zeeshan ShoukatThe importance of post-tensioning in reinforced concrete structures provides a range of benefits, including improved durability, reduced deflections, and enhanced load-carrying capacity, notably for large-span slabs where maintaining a balance between structural efficiency and materials is crucial. This project covers and highlights the design and analysis of a post-tensioned prestressed slab. Design primarily follows standard design guidelines stipulated by the American Concrete Institute (ACI) to ensure structural integrity and safety. The primary objective is to adopt a tendon arrangement in a two-way post-tensioned slab system for uniform load distribution and compare the design outcomes of the hand computations with CSI Safe software analysis. This project demonstrates that designed prestressed slab can handle necessary loads and stresses, meeting all structural requirements. Furthermore, the project aligns with sustainable development goals by ensuring structural resilience and promoting sustainable infrastructure development. Index Terms: Prestressed Slab, Deflection, Durability, Tendons, Structural Resilience, InfrastructureItem Hydrologic modeling of swat river(UMT. Lahore, 2024) Waseem Akram; Muhammad Aamir Rashid; Zia Ullah; Muhammad TuqeerFloods are a major natural disaster worldwide. Flood control plans, risk mitigation programs, and other forms of flood management techniques require a good understanding of the flood risk situation and the possible implications for our community. The accuracy of the flood damage estimates depends on both the modeling of the phenomenon and the risk assessment of human systems exposed by the floods. This research work aimed to simulate floods and to develop a subsequent flood damage assessment model based on inundation depths, velocities. The study area lies between coordinates of 34°-03' to 34°-38' latitudes and 71°-28' to 71°-53' longitudes. The main source of irrigation for the area is the Swat River. It flows through Kalam valley up to Chakdara for 160 km and then Panjkora River joins at Qalangi. Finally, it flows through the study area (District Charsadda) for the length of about 24 km (River reach of the study area; also named as Swat river) and outfalls into Kabul river just a few km downstream of Charsadda Bridge. In the past decades, swat valley experienced many disastrous floods e.g., in the years 1973, 1992, 1996, 2005, and 2010, etc. Flood modeling was carried out using ArcMap and HEC-RAS. The river geometry of the study reach was collected from the hydrology department of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Irrigation Department coupled with DEM of 1 m grid resolutions. This research has developed a maps for the geographical area around Swat River in the Charsadda district. This final year design project majorly linked with two SDGS goals: Goal 6 (Clean Water & Sanitation) & 15 (which states that our thesis on "Hydraulics Modelling of Swat River" addresses SDG 6 by using hydraulic modeling to improve water quality and manage floods, SDG 7 by evaluating hydropower potential and integrating energy-efficient water management practices, and SDG 15 by addressing erosion, sediment transport, and habitat preservation in the river basin.Item Design of thermally efficient self-compacting mortars (scms) by using expanded polystyrene beads (eps)(2024) Muhammad Touseef; Shahzeb Habib; Muhmammad Aqeel; Tahir HassanBuildings consume a significant amount of energy, and throughout their lifespan particularly in hot regions. To address this issue, researchers have been exploring innovative solutions, such as incorporating Expanded Polystyrene Beads (EPS) into cementitious systems to enhance thermal efficiency. In our research, the impact of adding EPS beads to Self-Compacting Mortar (SCM) systems were investigated. EPS beads (6mm) along with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) like Limestone Powder (LSP), Fly Ash (FA), Ceramic Powder (CP), and Brick Powder (BP) were utilized. Furthermore, the brick material was ground for 2 hours in order to achieve required fineness and consistency. The study aim was to find the optimal combination that would improve thermal performance while maintaining structural integrity. To ensure proper dispersion of EPS and achieve desired flow properties, we utilized FAST SBR LATEX as a viscosity-enhancing agent (VEA) and 1800 pc as a superplasticizer. Results revealed that incorporating EPS resulted in reduced shrinkage and increased water absorption and flow times. However, it also led to a decrease in compressive strength. Interestingly, the SCM formulation containing all the SRMs simultaneously exhibited the highest strength, as supported by microstructural analysis and various testing methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Notably, when EPS beads were added to the mixture containing all SRMs, the thermal conductivity reached its lowest point, representing a significant decrease in energy consumption. This promising result underscores the potential of EPS-enhanced SCM systems to mitigate energy usage in buildings, contributing to sustainability efforts.Item Design of building frame system(UMT. Lahore, 2024) Hafiz Bilal Akram; Asad Zaheer; Shoaib Akhtar; Noman SialThis investigation explores the specific challenges and considerations relevant to a G+5 building located in Lahore, Pakistan. It explores the design of building frame systems, focusing on structural integrity and efficiency. By employing shear wall systems, the project addresses the region's seismic vulnerability and ensures the structural stability of the building under potential earthquake events. The study includes detailed analyses of different frame types, load distribution, and the -impact of seismic forces, guided by the standards of ACI, ASCE 7-16, and the Building Code of Pakistan (BCP). The utilization of locally available materials and construction techniques is prioritized to support the economic viability of the project and contribute to the sustainable development of the local construction industry. Emphasis is placed on Sustainable Development Goal 9, which promotes resilient infrastructure, and Sustainable Development Goal 11, which aims for sustainable cities and communities. Index Terms: G+5 building, Lahore, Pakistan, Building frame system, Structural integrity, Seismic vulnerability, Impact of seismic forces, Load distribution, resilient infrastructure, earthquake-resistant design, construction techniquesItem AI driven constrution site safety management using computer vision and Machine learning(UMT. Lahore, 2024) Talha Jalal; Wajid ALi; MalikUsman Ejaz; Muhammad Hamza SiddiqueThe issue of safety is multifaceted at construction sites, needing strong measures for risk mitigation and lightening loads on personnel and assets. In this regard, the confluence of advanced technologies, such as computer vision and artificial intelligence, has increasingly been applied to bring novel solutions in the augmentation of safety protocols. With the advancement in object detection models, mainly based on the YOLO (You Only Look Once) architecture, that has been the strong way toward the automation of the detection and localization of safety-critical elements within the construction environment. This research introduces an intricately fine-tuned YOLOv8 model, finely tuned for detection of construction safety. Therefore, this work introduces an advanced approach to training and techniques for fine-tuning a YOLOv8 model capable of detecting a wide range of safety entities, viz. hardhats, masks, safety vests, personnel, machinery, and vehicles in static images and video feeds. The YOLOv8 model is real-time and highly precise and accurate in inference, aiming to set new benchmarks in safety at the construction site—that of the rare accident, satisfied safety regulators, and continuous good health of its workers and assets. This article, therefore, presents the multifaceted capabilities and disruptive potential that shape the YOLOv8 model in the augmentation of safety frameworks and risk mitigation across the dynamic and challenging landscapes of the construction environment. This research is fulfilling primarily sustainable development goal number 3 i.e. good health and wellbeing and secondarily sustainable development goal number 9 i.e. industry, innovation and infrastructure. Index TermsItem Analytiacal Assessment of pedistrian indused vibration in foot brigde(UMT. Lahore, 2024) Muhammad Hamza Butt; Ch Fahad Ul Islam; Abdul Hanan; Nadir ShahSlender designs have been used to build pedestrian bridges that cross over extensive roadways, incorporating today’s technologies and materials. Efficient and streamlined designs of pedestrian bridges lead to changes in their functionality and maximum capacities, which in turn give rise to the problems such as structural vibrations. In pedestrian bridges, this event arises when the default structure’s frequency correlates to the frequencies at which the load induces excitation. In this study, an analysis of impact of live load on an existing pedestrian bridge using a STAAD.Pro has been performed. The structure under investigation is derived from a pedestrian bridge situated in the city of Lahore, Pakistan. Vibrational problem of the bridge necessitated an analysis of characteristics and behaviour using an analytical model. Six natural frequency modes of the bridge were examined through simulation by finite element method. 1.7 Hz to 3 Hz range frequency was observed which was below the prescribed minimum natural frequency. The results unequivocally demonstrated that the pedestrian bridge is susceptible to high vibration levels, which can jeopardize the comfort-limit state of the users. The retrofitting was done to modify and strengthen the existing structure. Results of the strengthened structure revealed that the frequency values ranged from 3.5 Hz to 11.7 Hz for six different frequency modes. These frequencies are considered appropriate for a pedestrian bridge according to the natural frequency conditions.Item Analysis of skew bridges with and without intermediate diaphragms(UMT. Lahore, 2024) Mateen Haider; Afaq Ahmad; Zubair Abbas; Mubashar HayaConstruction of reinforced concrete intermediate diaphragm in skew bridges is more difficult as compared to the normal bridges. But they are still design operation in skew bridges as well as normal bridges in Pakistan. The necessity of installing intermediate diaphragms in pre stressed concrete I girder bridges was investigate in this study by analysis the four bridge cases with different skew angle with and without diaphragm to check the impact of diaphragms technically or economically. The impact of intermediate diaphragms on main girder in superstructure of the skew bridges with and without diaphragm was checked through finite element modeling in STAAD PRO for the original arrangement. The result of these models was then used to establish the need of provision of diaphragm in bridges. Results of the study clearly show that beyond a certain skew angle, presence of intermediate diaphragms in the girder induce additional forces in the girder which was not there when diaphragms were removed. Absence of diaphragm gives forty percent torsion, thirty percent deflection, ten percent axial forces, ten percent bending force or ten percent shear forces reduction in bridge superstructure in comparison to original diaphragm condition. As the skew angle increases against the alignment of bridges, construction becomes more difficult, the nomenclature of force in not symmetrical, when lateral forces act they damage the girder and the usefulness of the diaphragm becomes uncertain. The cost of construction, maintenance and technical fault of the bridge can be decreased if it is determined at the conclusion of this investigation that diaphragms are not necessary for the bridge's overall performance. According to the results, achieving the Sustainable Development Goals No 9 or 11. Sustainable Development Goals No 9 is “industry, innovation and infrastructure” and Sustainable Development Goals No 11 is “Sustainable cities and communities”Item Design of sustainable ventilation system for improved indoor air quality of cafes in lahore(UMT. Lahore, 2024) Abdul Hanan Khan; Sultan Sabit Bin Murtaza; Abdul Rehman; Muhammad Zeeshan AkhtarIndoor air quality (IAQ) is an important global concern due to its important impact on human health and socio-economic stability. In Pakistan, the concentrations of major indoor air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), gaseous pollutants, and bioaerosols, have risen, particularly in urban areas such as Lahore. This study reports the research gap in IAQ within cafes in Lahore by designing sustainable ventilation systems to improve air quality, in alignment with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and 13 (Climate Action). The research involves detailed data collection and analysis of key IAQ parameters (PM2.5, PM10, CO2, VOCs, temperature, and humidity) in different cafes. It identifies pollution sources, evaluates time-based variations, and assesses compliance with international IAQ standards. Proposed solutions include energy-efficient systems, advanced air purification technologies, and natural ventilation strategies. This project aims to improve the healthy environment within cafes, enhancing health and comfort for customers and the staff, while helping to climate change mitigation efforts by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting sustainable efforts. Through a partnership with architects, HVAC specialists, and environmental engineers, the project offers key recommendations and sustainable design to ensure long-term IAQ improvements in Lahore's cafes while minimizing usage of energyItem Impact of climate changes on Hydroligic modeling of Haro River(UMT. Lahore, 2025) Muhammad Sanwal; Shoaib Aslam; Muhammad Zeeshan; Ahmad DeyarThis study addresses the long-term variation of main meteorological parameters, namely inflows, temperature, and precipitation in the Haro River watershed, which is the catchment falling upstream of the Khanpur Dam. Climate input data for this study obtained from the NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projection NEX-GDDP, driven specifically by the MIROC6 model under the two Representative Concentration Pathway RCP scenarios, 4.5 and 8.5. The QSWAT+ model has been calibrated for the inflows at Khanpur watershed for the year 2014 at the monthly scale and validated for the two-outs using the SWAT-CUP (Soil and Water Assessment Tool-Calibration Uncertainty Program). The calibration results indicated that the simulated inflows of Khanpur dam station are in good agreement with the computed inflows. R2 and NSE values were computed as 0.83 and 0.80, respectively. While R2 and NSE for 1997 stands at 0.75 and 0.72 and are 0.68 and 0.71 for the year 2002. Projection from the study indicates that climate change will eventually alter the hydrology of the watershed drastically. Maximum temperatures between 40.5 and 48.1°C and minimum between 25.5 and 31.6°C are thus predicted to follow a strong warming trend by 2080 under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. Besides, annual precipitation is projected to increase to 905 mm under RCP 4.5 and 919 mm under RCP 8.5 by 2080 from 837 mm in 2020. These changes reflect an intensified hydrologic cycle due to increased rainfall. Accordingly, this study contributes to the UN's SDGs on SDG 6, Clean Water and Sanitation, by proposing an efficient water management strategy, and SDG 13, Climate Action, through the assessment of impacts imposed by climate change on the hydrological cycle of the Haro River basin. These will contribute toward sustainable water resources and climate resilience in the area.