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Item Electric bicycle with semi-automatic braking system(UMT Lahore, 2022-08) Syed Sameed Haider; Muzammil Arshad; Ali AmmarSince the invention of road vehicles there are two problems that we are facing till this day: expensive fuel and road accidents. Fuel has always been a limited thing and its price never remains constant; it keeps on changing, as the economy of Pakistan is not very strong to support its people, so the fuel prices increase as the price of fuel in the international market increases. As we are humans and we cannot remain alert all the time, we tend to show laziness during driving, which leads to slow reaction time and eventually leads to accidents in fast-response action type situations. As electricity has always been way much cheaper than fuel, it is not limited and can be produced with renewable energy resources; there is a high chance to achieve cheap transportation if fuel (Petrol, Diesel, LPG, CNG, etc.) is replaced with electricity. One cannot make the human stay alert twenty-four seven, but one can make a system to assist him and alert him when necessary. Electric Bicycle with Semi-Automatic Braking System can utilize electricity as a fuel for transportation and it has potential to save lives on road. Electric Bicycle with Semi-Automatic Braking System was analyzed theoretically, numerically, and experimentally. A prototype was designed with resources that were available locally. SolidWorks software was used to aid in the designing process of the prototype, which allowed us to vary the parameters accordingly. Some components of this design were validated numerically on Ansys Workbench software on which different results were illustrated to understand and visualize the results. This showed us that Electric Bicycle with Semi-Automatic Braking System is the solution to the expensive fuel and road accidents; it can prove to be an affordable solution to our problem.Item Design, analysis, and prototype development of a fire extinguisher drone(UMT Lahore, 2022-08) Syed Asjad Ali Shamsi; Muhammad Jazam Ali; Jebal NadeemThe project aims to improve life on earth by protecting the environment from disasters such as fire. Fire can cause harm to both living things and non-living things, affecting them by burning manmade items and destroying their natural habitat (animals and nature). The proposed project makes use of a drone to extinguish the fire with a hexagonal configuration in terms of its design. Two design concepts are discussed in this report, and after performing relevant calculations and analysis, the best and the most cost-effective design was selected. The final design uses an optical camera for video recording and monitoring of the drone. The drone makes use of six brushless DC motors of 920KV combined with propellers of 9.4" diameter and 4.3" pitch and ESCs of 40A, all of which aid in lifting heavier loads. A Pixhawk 2.4.8 flight controller along with GPS is used for controlling the drone and providing flight stability. A wireless radio telemetry is also used for establishing a ground connection between a mobile phone/PC, which is powered by a battery having a capacity of 5200mAh. Furthermore, a wooden box is used which uses servo motors to drop the fire extinguisher ball from the initial point to the final point. To extinguish the fire, the drone first locates the affected area and then drops the fire extinguisher ball after positioning itself vertically above the fire; when the ball interacts with the fire, it self-initiates, and the chemical powder would extinguish the fire immediately.Item Analysis and simulation of horizontal axis wind turbine(UMT Lahore, 2022-08) Aqib Saeed; Musharraf Amin; Hamza MukhtarThe wind is a consistent and renewable source of energy. This energy can be converted into power by means of a wind turbine. A comparison of parameters between the material PETG with airfoils NACA 0012 and NACA 23012 was carried out after designing and simulating 2-blade and 3-blade HAWTs at slow wind speeds to analyze which material and how many blades, at different angles of attack of 10° and 15°, attain stability faster after the initial push to the wind turbine. It was observed that the wind turbine with the airfoil made of PETG NACA 23012 attains stability earlier compared to the NACA 0012 airfoil. However, the wind turbine with 5 blades attains stability, i.e., experiences less lift force and drag force, compared to the 3-blade horizontal axis wind turbine. The 5-blade wind turbine reaches stability faster than the 3-blade turbine at slow wind speeds. Finally, the angle of attack was analyzed for 10° and 15° for the PETG NACA 23012 5-blade wind turbine, with results showing that an angle of attack of 15° provides better stability conditions than 10°.Item Design and fabrication of multi-degree of freedom electric wheelchair(UMT Lahore, 2022-08) Hafiz Zunair Zubair; Hafiz Muhammad Abdullah Bin Munir; Muhammad Hamza TauqeerIt is inevitable that any place on earth will contain people with disabilities. Those disabilities could range from partial or full body paralysis to any limb malfunction. This could hinder their motivation in life, everyday mobility, and social participation. Considering that, many technological inventions and innovations have been made to improve their lifestyle. The most common of these include wheelchairs, both traditional and modern. Traditional wheelchairs are manually driven, while modern ones are motor-driven. However, most modern wheelchairs are expensive and have very limited functions. In view of the above, a multi-functional, cost-effective, compact, and multi-degree-of-freedom electric wheelchair has been designed and fabricated. It offers three main features, including elevating, reclining, and standing. These features are versatile enough to be of use to almost every disabled person. Electrical actuators were chosen out of the three available motion mechanisms—hydraulics, pneumatics, and electrical actuators—based on their simpler structure, compact design, economy, and safety. Three electrical actuators are used to realize the three main features. The wheelchair structure is designed to bear a maximum load of 140 kg or 1400 N. Two 24V DC motors are used to power ground mobility, connected to two 12V lead-acid dry batteries.Item Design and fabrication of autonomous disinfectant robot(UMT Lahore, 2022-08) Muhammad Suleman Khan; Sadam Hussain; Abdur RehmanEpidemic diseases have adverse effects on the health of people. Diseases like COVID-19 spread through contact; for this purpose, there should be a system to limit the spread using disinfection techniques. For this purpose, a disinfectant robot was designed and fabricated. It has spray movement in two directions: one in the horizontal direction with about 180 degrees of movement, and the other in the vertical direction, which uses a timing belt mechanism passing over the pulley shaft of a stepper motor, while a servo motor is used for horizontal movement. The mechanism is capable of moving the spraying system up to a height of about 45 cm from its lowest position. It has obstacle detection capability with autonomous movement of the platform. This robot moves autonomously along a path. Static structural analysis was also performed on ANSYS, showing that the total deformation of the mechanism with the timing belt is 0.00011 m. Another analysis was performed on the base of the robot with the respective weights applied, showing a total deformation of 0.00013 m and a factor of safety of 15, indicating that the design is safe. Final tests indicate that the robot effectively moves autonomously through the path and detects obstacles when they are 0.5 to 0.8 ft away. Experiments indicate that the robot can spray disinfectant liquid 3 to 4 ft away from it with a flow rate of 0.096 liters per minute.Item Design, fabrication and analysis of multi rotor impulse turbine with single shaft(UMT Lahore, 2022-09) Hafiz Muhammad Hamza; Alyan Naveed; Muhammad Abdullah JelaniPakistan is one of the countries in the world that is quite suffering from an electricity deficiency crisis. Even some areas of the country lack access to the essential service of electricity. Utilizing non-renewable resources to generate electricity not only causes more harm to civilization but also increases the standard of living. Therefore, the primary problem facing the world is generating power from renewable resources. A Multi Rotor Impulse Turbine with a single shaft can be used in areas with abundant flowing water having low heads, allowing power generation without interruption and providing people with opportunities they were previously denied. Theoretical, computational, and experimental analyses of the Impulse Turbine with Multiple Rotors on a Single Shaft were performed. A prototype was designed according to the accessible source of flowing water to demonstrate the working of the IT. The prototype was designed using SolidWorks software, which allowed us to adjust the parameters according to our requirements. This model design was statistically verified using CFD software, where various results were displayed, and it was concluded that employing multiple rotors enhanced torque, which is advantageous for generating electricity. Therefore, the MRIT is a solution to the country's current challenges with power consumption.Item Automated multistage reverse osmosis machine(UMT Lahore, 2022-08) Ammar Haider; Abdullah Shebih; Fateh AliIn recent years, there has been an increase in the threat to groundwater as Pakistan is moving toward water shortage. The demand for clean water is rising exponentially; in order to supply domestic and industrial areas with drinkable water, reverse osmosis (RO) technology is being used. The objective of this paper is to provide clean water with the help of automation. The RO system depends on different types of filters such as AC filters and sediment filters, which are part of the pretreatment process. The RO system is membrane-based, which removes all dissolved solids, heavy metals such as nitrate and arsenic, harmful bacteria, and chemicals like chloride and sodium from feed water, resulting in a permeate stream and a rejected stream. This paper reviews automation implemented in the RO system in such a way that permeate water is stored in a buffer tank, but the water in the buffer tank is recycled through the RO membrane every four hours, ensuring that there is no chance of bacterial reproduction.Item Design and fabrication of mini archimedes screw hydel turbine(UMT Lahore, 2022-09-14) Hafiz Mirza Soban Baig; Ahmad Ijaz; Mohsin ShehzadPakistan is one of the countries in the world that is still suffering from an electricity shortage crisis. Even some areas of the country are untouched by the basic facility of electricity from head to toe. Generating electricity using non-renewable sources is not only further damaging society but also increasing the cost of the facility being provided. Hence, producing power from renewable sources of energy is a major challenge faced by the world. Being blessed with numerous bodies of flowing water having low heads, the Archimedes screw turbine is chosen for producing energy using the low-head sites in villages in Pakistan. Utilizing SOLIDWORKS, the turbine is modeled. SolidWorks software was used to aid in the designing process of the prototype, allowing the parameters to be varied accordingly. This design was validated numerically on CFD software, where different results were depicted to understand and visualize the outcomes. The design of the turbine is optimized using a variety of criteria. CFD simulation is used to estimate the torque and optimize the design. The calculations start with initialization and use the volume flow rate as a boundary condition, allowing the pressure and velocity profiles to be viewed. Torque is calculated using various parameters employed in the optimization of the turbine, i.e., turbine inclination angle and the number of blades. For a turbine with a 25° inclination, it was discovered that three blades provide the best torque. The turbine's spin started to slow down after the number of blades exceeded three due to increased resistance that obstructed the water's passage, causing the turbine's speed to slightly decrease because of greater contact with the water. It has been discovered that the turbine blade's maximum torque or power may be produced based on the turbine's inclination angle, water flow rate, and trough diameter. The turbine produces a torque of 0.1586 Nm. Because the average water velocity at the entrance is utilized, this number is minimal when used as the data to calculate the volume flow rate. Domestically accessible tube well water supplies may be used to generate energy. A prototype is then created so that the findings may be compared. A system is developed by printing a turbine blade on a 3D printer and assembling it with other parts.Item Design and fabrication of electric power tiller machine(UMT Lahore, 2022-08) LAWRANCE; Suleman Arshad; Hamid IftikharThe electric power tiller machine has an adjustable seed box. This tiller machine is the best model of the modern design because both seeding and tilling processes are done at the same time. To reduce the overall size of the machine, efficiency is improved, as many large tiller machines in the market require more power, which increases their cost. This tiller machine is applicable only in small farms because the machine covers only one foot during tilling. Due to its small size, this machine is easy to operate manually, allowing a single operator to work easily and complete tasks in a short time. With the addition of a seeding box, tilling time is reduced. Numerous tiller machines have been invented over time, but they were large in size and required IC engines to run, which increased the cost due to fuel requirements. In this tiller machine, a brushed DC motor is used to operate the machine, reducing its cost because engines are expensive. A valve-regulated lead-acid dry battery is used as the power source for the tiller machine. Power is transferred from the motor to the flywheel with the help of a chain sprocket. To reduce wheel slipping during operation, small strips are welded on the wheels using electric arc welding, as the frame is manufactured using this type of welding. Plows are designed using traditional methods, as C-type plows were used in this machine in the past.Item 5 DOF pick and place robotic arm(UMT Lahore, 2022-09) FARHAN YAQOOB; ZAIN SAFDAR; M GHOUS UL SALIKAINumanity has long sought to give its creations lifelike traits in an attempt to discover replacements for itself to carry out its commands and function in a hostile environment. The common conception of a robot is one that functions and appears human. The industry is transitioning from its current state of mechanization to one of robotics, increased efficiency, and improved quality. A mechanical controller, also referred to as a mechanical arm, is one type of robot frequently used in the industry. It is a rigid chain of connections that may be open or closed. A mechanical controller, also referred to as a robot arm, is one type of robot frequently used in the industry. It is a movable joint-connected open or closed kinematic chain of rigid connections, consisting of the midsection, upper arm, and lower arm, which have joints at the shoulder and elbow. A wrist joint interacts with an end effector at the end of the arm.Item Design and fabrication of automated sawstop(UMT Lahore, 2022-08) Muhammad Fasi Majeed; Shahroz Naeem; Ali FurqanA table reveals adjustable blades, a detection system that is basically designed to detect contact whenever there is a contact between a person and the blade, and a brake mechanism that will immediately act whenever there is an engagement between a person and the blade. The saw has a brake positioning system that adjusts the position of the brake mechanism for the maintenance of this mechanism in an operative condition. This is because the position of the blade is adjusted. The saw has another system called the retraction system that forces the blade away from the user when it detects contact between the blade and a person. The retraction system has a releasable gear. The saw can be made to adjust the blade up and down around a pivot point on the underside of the blade depending on the direction of feed.Item Solar-powered Drone(UMT Lahore, 2022-09) Rana Ammar Saeed; Ali Haider; M. Ahtasham ArifDrones have a wide range of applications such as agricultural drones, delivery drones, aerial surveillance, and 3D mapping, which is a famous research topic nowadays. Developing low-cost solar-powered drones is still a challenging task in engineering. This work is focused on designing a drone that operates with solar power. Normally, drones have a large battery which increases the cost and weight. Solar-powered quadcopters are available in a different selection of designs. Solar-powered drones can fly forty-eight times longer than battery-powered drones. Long-variety flight exams investigated the effect of solar power oscillations on the plane's energy consumption. Under perfect conditions, solar cells in quadcopters outperform batteries. In case you need to fly for the long term, you need a LiPo battery that lasts for 2 to 3 hours. A flight controller is the most important and expensive part of a drone. The strategy used in this work is to reduce the overall cost of the drone by designing a low-cost flight controller for the quadcopter. To analyze and design the control of a quadcopter, dynamic modeling is an optimal way to represent the system mathematically. In this thesis, an approach to model the quadcopter mathematically is discussed. It uses SolidWorks analysis to formalize the dynamic model of drones. The output equations of the dynamic modeling are used to create a simulation environment for the drone to compare the results of a real drone with a simulated drone. After the complete design, aerodynamic and stability analysis was carried out using software, which showed that the desired results were achieved, and the design was statically and dynamically stable.Item Design and manufacturing of human assistive voice controlled exoskeleton arm(UMT Lahore, 2022-08) Mirza Muhammad Usman Iqbal; Hunble Imran; Faizan Rasool ButtThe mechanical devices that humans can wear to increase their strength and endurance are known as exoskeletons. Exoskeletons, however, may unintentionally reduce human flexibility, creating new opportunities for musculoskeletal disorders, accidents, and industrial worker injuries. The exoskeleton arm was created and put into use, and it was quite effective in helping patients who were elderly or disabled to lift objects. Additionally, you can lift things with this arm, use it to exercise, and use it during therapy sessions. This project's primary goal is to create an exoskeleton arm at a reasonable manufacturing cost and make it more user-friendly by adding voice command operations in it. It can be easily operated with a cell phone. The 3D drawing was designed with proper dimensions on the SolidWorks software, and analysis was made on Ansys. A car window motor is used for the purpose of movement of the elbow joint. The electrical system of the exoskeleton arm includes an ESP32 module and relays. The ESP32 module is programmed to make the movement of the arm. Reviewing the upper extremity exoskeleton with various actuators, functionalities, and degrees of freedom (DOF), power-assist and rehabilitation have been highlighted among the functions.Item Design and fabrication of atmospheric water generator (AWG)(UMT Lahore, 2022-08) Muhammad Yasir Moid; Hafiz Muhammad Hassan; Umair RehmanA system that collects water from the humid surrounding air is known as an atmospheric water generator. It can be used extensively to address the problem of a lack of fresh, clean drinking water, especially in humid regions like coastal and swampy areas. The core of this system is the vapor compression cycle (VCC), a type of thermodynamic cycle. Through extensive mathematical computations, simulation on Aspen Plus, and CAD modeling, a comprehensive physical system has been developed. The refrigerant to be utilized is R134A because of its affordability, availability, and thermodynamic qualities. The system's thermodynamic components comprise a capillary tube, evaporator coils, condenser coils, and a hermetic scroll compressor. The compressor is turned off when the set-point is achieved and vice versa. A water level sensor monitors the water level in the reserve water tank, and a thermostat checks the temperature of the evaporator coils. The humid air that condenses on the evaporator coils to create water droplets, which are subsequently gathered in the reserve tank, will be used by the suggested system to produce pure water. The primary water tank receives the water after it has been pumped through a five-stage filter using a pump. A tube axial fan will make the system's air move. The simulation was carried out using the Aspen Plus program, and the outcomes were compared to the water results that were physically obtained by testing the system. Both of these experiments showed a strong correlation between relative humidity and the amount of water that could be extracted from the air. According to the actual tests, 1.28 liters of water with a relative humidity of 75% produced the maximum yield. Water was PKR 20 per liter, costing a total of PKR 50,000 to prepare the system.Item Rapid prototyping of prosthetic foot using alternative materials(UMT Lahore, 2022-08) Mudassar Arshad; Muhammad Ahmad Raza; Muhammad FahadThe ratio of the road traffic and other accidents is increasing in Pakistan in which most cases are of non-fatal but severe injury. In case of a leg breakage, a prosthetic leg is recommended by the doctor. The prosthetic leg has three main parts, socket, pylon and foot. The foot part is made using carbon fiber material which is expensive. To provide an alternate for the carbon fiber foot, two prosthetic foots are made using alternative materials and methods. First, a CAD model of the prosthetic foot is made using SolidWorks software and structural analysis is performed on it using Ansys software. Rapid prototyping method is used to make foot 1 with ABS material and glass fiber coating, and the second foot is made using the molding technique with glass reinforced plastic material. Both materials are composite materials, and foot 1 has lighter weight as compared to foot 2. Both prosthetic foots show excellent result in terms of strength and are comparable to foots made of carbon fiber. Also, both foots have low cost as compared to the carbon fiber foot.Item Design and fabrication of FDM-based portable 3D printer(UMT Lahore, 2022-08) Ali Imran; Abdul Moiz; Syed Mohtashim; M.Moazzam NaveedWith the use of CAD (computer-aided design) software, 3D printed products are manufactured through using additive manufacturing processes. Engineering for 3D printing offers a wide range of operations. In this project, the main focus focuses on the creation of an affordable, portable 3D printer with a bed volume of 180 x 180 x 180 mm³. We are using four-axis mechanisms, three of which are x, y, and z, and one of which is an extruder. Designers leverage FDM methodology in their technique, which utilizes a range of materials, such as PLA (polylactic acid) and ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). Each filament material may be melted by heating it to the desired temperature and is then poured layer by layer. Numerous layers of this sort together will produce a final 3D model.Item Design and fabrication of 4dof robotic manipulatorfor adhesive application(UMT Lahore, 2022) Muhammad Hamza Khan; Asim Ramzan; Zahid HussainRobotic Manipulators are used to facilitate different kind of processes in many industries which cannot be done easily by the workers. This study aspires to have an easy, precise and quick way to apply adhesive on required parts with high accuracy. The main objective is to apply adhesive using 4 DOF Robotic Manipulator. For given position of the end effector, joint parameters (joint angles) can be calculated using Inverse Kinematics but first Transformational matrix is required. These calculations are used to program the robotic arm for the given trajectories. There are four trajectories for the all process, first trajectory is from home position of the end effector to the start position, second trajectory is for the adhesive applying operation, third trajectory is for the adhesive applying operation and four trajectory is from end position of the end effector to the home position. 3-D model of the Robotic Manipulator is made defining the dimensions of the Robotic Manipulator. Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) parameters are made as well as the Transformation matrix. Inverse Kinematics calculations are done, also the trajectory calculations are done. Torque calculation is done in order to select the appropriate Servo Motors as an actuator for the Robotic Manipulator. MATLAB Robot Toolbox is use in order to simulate the working of the Robotic Manipulator by writing a program which consist of calculations of Forward Kinematics, Inverse Kinematics and Trajectory Generation.Item Design & development of zero head horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbine(UMT Lahore, 2022-08) Usman Ilyas; Usama Shabir; Muhammad AliWith the exponential increase in energy demand, the forecasted value in 20 years is 260% of the present demand. Meanwhile Pakistan is still facing 5000MW of shortages of electricity. Pakistan has a great potential of renewable energy generation using dams, onshore and offshore wind farms and solar energy etc. Large investments, governmental unwillingness, lack of technological and manufacturing skills are the main hurdles. This research aims to overcome these hurdles by proposing innovative zero head hydrokinetic turbine design that can capture energy with no or little requirement of costly civil work and high skill labor to form turbine shape. This turbine is able to work at relatively flat areas of Sindh and Punjab Province having massive amount of unused water resources. From the perspective of increased usage of alternative energies, the focus has been diverted toward multiple renewable resources including Hydrokinetic turbines. Tig Welding done by using two different materials i.e. aluminum and stainless steel. To efficiently design the turbine, a CAD model has been presented to do the CFD analysis and for the development, a prototype has been constructed based on generated results.Item Design of low head vertical hydrokinetic savonius turbine(UMT Lahore, 2022-09) Shahzaib Shahid; Arslan Yousaf; Muhammad Ali SiddiquiVertical Axis Savonius Turbines (VASTs) have a significant potential to contribute to the ever-increasing need for green energy, which has the potential to have a significant impact on the global dependence on "GREEN ENERGY". Pakistan has vital resources of low head rivers and streams in southern Punjab. These areas are facing electricity deficiency due to vast consumptions. To overcome the issues of load shedding in these particular regions savonuis hydrokinetic turbine will be utilized that operates on low head and low velocity. Our main concern is to select suitable twist angle which could produce maximum Cp. We found that 90° twist angle of blade produce optimum results.Item Design and fabrication of geyser heat exchanger for room heating(UMT Lahore, 2022-09) Sajawal Hassan; Abdul Qudoos; Muhammad HamzaThe drastic energy crisis that Pakistan is facing and day after day augmenting fuel prices in international market, it pertinent to device such equipment, which can provide us with the fold with the same amount of energy, input. We have device such apparatus successfully. First cad model done on solid work software. Heat load calculation done on single story house for estimating heat load of that house. We tried our best to make a geyser heat exchanger, which will use the warm water flowing in the pipe of this apparatus to produce warm air we are using the heat energy of warm water, which usually goes useless into environment. The goal we set on the beginning we achieved it; the geyser outlet temperature is about 80-85C. The heat we are getting from duct is 30 to 35 C during prototype testing. The temperature sensor used so that room doses not over heat. It shows good result.