Department of Electrical Engineering

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https://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/1175

The mission of the electrical engineering program is to prepare its graduates for successful professional engineering careers by providing electrical engineering capabilities necessary to engage in service, research and development that serve the needs of their homeland Pakistan as well as the other parts of the globe.

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Use of optimal homotopy asymptotic method for fractional order nonlinear fredholm integro-differential equations
(Science International Lahore, 2015) Farah Sarwar; Shaukat Iqbal
In this study, optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM), a semi-numerical technique is formulated for solving nonlinear Fredholm integro-differential equations of fractional order to check the effectiveness and performance of the method. It is observed that the formulation is easy to implement, quite valuable to handle fractional applications and yield tremendous results at minimum computational cost. The computational results of some of the test problems reveal that OHAM is well-organized, very effective, and simple and are in excellent agreement with exact solutions.
Evaluating wind energy potential in Pakistan�s three provinces, with proposal for integration into national power grid.
(Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, 2015) Jameel Ahmad; Raheel Zafar; Muhammad Haris
Pakistan is facing increasing power shortage from the last two decades. The Government of Pakistan (GoP) has taken various remedial measures and is offering incentives for private investment to generate electricity at cheap rates. New hydropower dams were proposed in the past, such as Kalabagh Dam, but could not be commissioned to date. Fossil fuels are depleting and oil has to be imported for oil-fired power plants, which is highly expensive and a burden for the country's economy. This scenario has raised serious concerns among citizens. In this frustrating situation, there is dire need for exploration and installation of alternate renewable energy resources, in particular, wind energy and solar energy to augment the existing power generation and distribution apparatus. These then need to be integrated with the national power grid. Pakistan has enormous wind energy potential, especially in three of its four provinces namely, Khyber Pakhtun Khwa (KPK), Sindh and Balochistan. The country's multifarious terrain includes coastal and hilly areas suitable for installation of large wind turbines. The GoP has taken active steps towards measuring wind speed statistics in various parts of the country. In this paper, the authors analyze wind speed data for the mentioned three provinces. The fourth province, Punjab, has very limited wind energy potential and hence is not considered. Wind speed data for Jiwani (a reference site in Balochistan) was obtained from Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) as a case study. The paper attempts to assess how much wind energy can be harnessed from the three provinces. It then focuses on Jiwani whose specific power density is estimated for wind turbine sizing. Lastly, a practical scheme is proposed for integration of wind power output (from windy sites) with the national power grid.
A survey on waste heat recovery: electric power generation and potential prospects within Pakistan.
(Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, 2016) Kamran Zeb; Waqar Uddin; Aun Haider
Waste heat recovery system plays a pivotal role for heat extractions in every energy consuming sector. ThermoElectric Module converts this waste heat into useful work done as “electric energy”. Electric energy thus produced possesses many promissory benefits, such as: (a) energy storage in DC batteries, (b) running various loads in residential, commercial and industrial sector, (c) exporting power to grid, thus earning valuable revenues, (d) maintain economic growth of plant, and (e) environment friendly system. Recently, among various renewable energy technologies, Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) is paid much consideration in commercial, residential, and industrial sectors. In past decade, a number of WHR technologies are developed and improved. In this paper, relevant research works are reviewed regarding existing technologies of WHR. Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) is one of extensively emerging WHR technique among existing technologies. TEG with promising features, such as: simpler structure, vast scalability, solid state operation, the absence of toxic residuals, a long life span of reliable operation, no noise or vibration, and lack of chemical reaction or moving parts. Basic principle of TEG with its series and parallel arrangement for voltage and current enhancement is also reviewed. Our work described a standalone thermoelectric module generate 1–125 W whose modular arrangement produces ~5 kW and the wattage improvement is defendant on array size. The potential application of TEG in various applications are comprehensively discussed and described. A detailed description to Pakistan energy status and WHR potential especially in Cement Industry is assessed in this survey. Finally, the TEGs model in Matlab/SimScape for direct heat energy harvesting with DC/DC converter is simulated, as a case study of “Officer Colony, Abbottabad, Pakistan”.
To design & implementation of three phase power quality analyzer
(2017) Zakir Husnain; Saleem Kamran; Rehan Butt; Abubakar Mukhtar
This Project is to Analyze the three phase power quality to insure power reliability, this project is based on the concepts that now a days the main energy source is electrical power for the mass applications of industry and home appliances so the energy source is needed to be checked and maintained for good quality to achieve best results for which the power is used.
Analysis and comparison of cope’s performance for various network topologies
(Science International Lahore, 2015) Ayesha Iqbal
COPE is an architecture for wireless mesh networks that improves the overall throughput of a network using opportunistic coding. COPE’s performance has been analyzed by different researchers and modifications to this architecture have been proposed that further improved the throughput of a network. Two simple network topologies were analyzed using COPE in research work presented in [1]. In this research paper, this idea has been extended to three other network topologies. Coding gains for these networks are mathematically formulated and COPE’s performance is analyzed when applied to these networks. On the basis of this analysis, the gains of these networks, which are obtained as a result of opportunistic coding, are compared with each other. Simulation results also help to analyze the performance of networks in COPE and non-COPE cases.
On/off-board 42v switch mode-based charger for advanced vehicles
(Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles, 2015) Nauman Ahmad; M. Omer Abid
With the ever increasing demand of electrical loads in vehicles, shifting towards a new voltage system is inevitable as current 14V system is not meeting the needs. An efficient and cost-effective switch mode-based 42V on/off -board battery charger system using push-pull topology is designed. Pulse width modulation (PWM) based feedback circuitry is employed to regulate the output voltage. Circuit is simulated first, before implementing practically. Circuit is tested successfully by charging three 12V batteries connected in series. Final converter was able to produce and regulate the voltage to 41.6V which is enough for charging.
Achieving energy efficiency in manets by using load balancing approach
(International Journal of Computer Networks and Communications Security, 2015) Junaid A. Khan; M. Nasir Iqbal; Farooq Umer; Muhammad Adnan; Zeeshan A.Khan; Mustafa Shakir
Mobile Ad Hoc networks have no base station and use multihop routing for transmission of data from a source node to its destination node. To make this multi-hop routing mechanism possible we need a routing protocol. We have adopted load balancing technique that can improve the overall performance for communication in a network. We have presented optimum performance for our novel protocol i.e. Energy Efficient Load Balanced (EFLBAODV) and compared it to the traditionally existing reactive routing protocol Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV) thus using the load balancing technique to improve the node to node communication in our network. Also our routing protocol will be energy efficient as it will minimize the communication time and overheads thus utilizing the energy resources. Some important metrics like route discovery time, route errors, MAC delay, network load, end-to-end delay and throughput have been taken to evaluate the overall improvement in the novel protocol.
Ofdm based scm for multicast dual amplify and forward relays
(2015) Muhammad Adnan; Irfan Ahmed; Ishtiaq Ahmed; Chen, Shaohua; Wang, Yafeng; Yang, DaCheng
In multihop OFDM relay systems the end-to-end throughput can be increased by incorporating subchannel mapping (SCM) at the relay nodes. This helps in achieving high data rate requirements for live streaming applications. Average Symbol Error Probability (SEP) is an important measurement for investigating wireless communication systems. This paper presents the statistical and symbol error performance analysis of the 2-hop OFDM based multicast strategy with Amplify and Forward protocol and subchannel mapping scheme. Closed Form expressions for probability density function (PDF) and well-approximated symbol error probability of the signal to noise ratio (SNR) for the kth mapped subchannel pair link are provided
A novel approach to counter the low observable characteristic of stealthy targets by analyzing the radar cross section
(Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceedings, 2015) Faran Awais Butt; Ijaz Haider Naqvi; Ali Imram Najam
Stealth technology has added an inspiration in the ¯eld of electronic counter mea- sure and has brought out the ine®ectuality of the mono-static radars. The stealth aircrafts scatter very low intensity electromagnetic radiations due to its special geometry and absorbent material. However, if an electromagnetic wave is incident at `good' angles, stealth aircraft though low ob- servable cannot be called as invisible. In this paper, the results of the extensive simulations on a model stealth aircraft have been presented. Simulations are performed, on an aircraft model to prove the e®ectiveness of the proposed model. By energizing the aircraft at `good' angle(s) of incidence, signi¯cant scattering can be observed over a range of aspect angles. Thereafter, a multi-static approach is proposed making a polygon arrangement of radar transceivers in order to guarantee the detection of a stealth aircraft.
Active phased array radars as an effective eccm systems
(Progress in electromagnetic research symposium, 2014) Faran Awais Butt; Ahmed Malik; Madiha Jalil
Phased Array Radars have started to regain some serious attention over the past few decades owing to its high accuracy, efficiency and less susceptible characteristics. The most basic requirement that one could wish for in a good modern radar is its beam agility, low distribution loss, maximum bandwidth, lower cost, maximum efficiency and effective resource management. Modern phased array radars can be best utilized to achieve characteristics of an effective radar system with minimum tradeoffs. The most basic thing that it can achieve is, that the antennas can be arranged to get the desired radiation pattern. The characteristics and detection abilities of active phased array radar systems are discussed. Moreover, the paper suggests that active phased array radar can be best suited as an electronic counter-counter measure system.
Radar cross section analysis for an ogive target (around radome or a missile)
(15th International Radar Symposium, 2014) Faran Awais Butt; Madiha Jalil
Radar cross section and its reduction is an area, which has a lot of room for research and over the past few decades, this particular area has gained significant importance in military and defense applications. Radar cross section is dependent on a number of parameters including shape, orientation, operating frequency, aspect angle, permittivity, permeability, transmitted power and related aspects. The research presented in this paper investigates the radar cross section of an ogive shape structures, which is related to missiles and aircrafts. Simulations for radar cross section are performed for different aspect angles and frequencies. The results show that radar cross section is highly dependent on the aspect angles and hence, significant counter measures can be achieved by using ogive and alike structures.
Biologically inspired self-reconfigurable hexapod with adaptive locomotion
(16th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference and Exposition, 2014) Ammar Akhlaq; Ayesha Umber; Jameel Ahmad
This paper describes the implementation of biologically inspired self-reconfigurable control system for a multivariable hexapod robot having gait switching ability. It focuses on the control; based on forward and inverse kinematics for systematic locomotion and navigation of robot. Electronic system have the capabilities to measure physical variables. Force and pressure sensors are mounted on each end of the leg to provide the necessary sense of touch. The paper also explains the reconfiguration ability of the robot in case of any damage to its leg and its capacity to change the walking pattern according to the malfunction caused. The system implementation using multiple microcontrollers in master-slave configuration to produce and control 18 DOF is also shown in the paper.
Efficient solution to physical cell identity assignment problem in 3gpp long term evolution
(6th Joint IFIP Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference, 2013) Muhammad Basit Shahab; Ayesha Iqbal
This paper presents an efficient solution to physical cell identity assignment problem in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE). The technique takes advantage from the concept of graph coloring and is quite efficient in the sense that minimum number of colors/PCIs is utilized in achieving a collision and confusion free Physical Cell Identity allocation throughout the network. The method has been thoroughly explained using an example, and it has been shown how the technique works and accomplishes the required results. This method is also very much helpful in situations in which somehow a conflict of PCIs occurs between two or more cells. Simulations are performed on a large scale network during initial network wise configuration stage, in which all the cells are without any PCIs assigned.
Smart grid architecture and communication using heterogeneous communication techniques in different tiers
((POWERENG), Turkey, Istanbul., 2013) Waqas Tariq Toor; Muhammad Basit Shahab; Muhammad Shoaib; Asif Hussain; Mashood Nasir
This paper discusses different communication techniques in different tiers of architecture of smart grid. Communication is what differentiates between conventional and smart grids. Existing communication techniques can be used for the communication among different grids. Each communication technique has some pros and cons. If same communication technology is used for the whole network, it may be advantageous in certain scenario or tier but may not be beneficial in other tiers. This paper presents the idea of using different communication techniques for different tiers. The main objective is to use the advantage of a communication technique in a certain tier without bearing its disadvantage in any other tier. Different topologies of grid connectivity are discussed and communication techniques are also proposed and discussed accordingly. Priority and data rate for the data sent by the grids is also taken care of in proposing these techniques. Since different communication techniques are used at each level, interoperability is an important issue. Different problems are addressed and solution are proposed.
Forward fly-back voltage balancing circuit for series connected super capacitors using digital control
(International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications, 2013) Asif Hussain; Muhammad Basit Shahab
Supercapacitor is an electrical energy storage device which offers remarkably high energy density when compared to conventional capacitors and high power density when compared to batteries. While using the supercapacitors for energy storage, the main disadvantage is their limited voltage due to contemporary technology restrictions. Therefore, for higher voltage operation supercapacitors are connected in series to achieve the appropriate voltage level. Because of the difference in the magnitude of capacitance of cells, local over-voltage appears on one or more supercapacitor cells. This over-voltage decreases the lifetime and energy storage efficiency of the associated cell, which can be improved considerably by balancing the voltages across each supercapacitor. This paper presents an active voltage balancing approach using a forward fly-back power converter. In the proposed balancing scheme, cell with the higher voltage is selected to extract the extra energy and then a proportion of this extracted energy is distributed to other supercapacitors via the proposed circuit. The feasibility of the proposed balancing scheme has been verified by computer simulation and experimental results.
Spectrum scheduling: the key factor for maximum throughput and optimal resource utilization in cognitive radio netwok
(Science International Lahore, 2014) Muhammad Tahir Mushtaq; Muhammad Shoaib Hanif; Muhammad Saleem Khan; Koudelka, Otto
The problem of spectrum scarcity becomes with the new devices and applications of wireless communication. The solution of this problem is the cognitive radio Networks. This paper presents the different scheduling techniques for the secondary user and evaluated the results of maximum throughput and optimal resource utilization based on evaluation results of different scheduling techniques introduced at that time for cognitive radio networks. The research proposes one of the key challenges in spectrum sharing that is spectrum scheduling. And on the base of these results we evaluated that spectrum scheduling for secondary user is the key factor for maximum throughput and optimal resource utilization in cognitive radio networks.
Frequency analysis and selection for cognitive radio using fuzzy logic system
(Pensee Journal, 2014) Muhammad Tahir Mushtaq; Muhammad Saleem Khan; Sarwar Ehsan; G.Jaffar; I.Khan; S.B.Nasir; Koudelka, Otto
The spectrum scarcity is a great challenge in the future development of wireless communication devices. The idea of Cognitive radio was proposed for the solution of this problem. The research work presented in this paper addresses the Frequency Analysis and Selection for Cognitive Radio (CR) using Fuzzy logic based Adaptive Control System. Fuzzy logic controller FLC is designed for this purpose to optimize the use of available radiofrequency (RF) spectrum resources while minimizing the chances of interference due to primary users. The FLC is used to deal with the incompleteness, uncertainty and heterogeneity of a cognitive radio scenario. Two cascaded fuzzy logic controllers are used. The first fuzzy inference system takes four inputs i.e. environment condition, distance between primary user and the secondary user, speed of secondary user and signal power received at SU (Psu). The only one output of FLC-1 is Psu, which is the signal power of secondary user (SU). The second fuzzy inference system FLC-2 will take four inputs i.e. transmission power of SU (Psu), signal to noise ratio (SNRpu), used frequency spectrum and duration of used frequency. The result of FLC-2 is appeared in the form of available frequency hole.
A vision based approach for Pakistan sign language alphabets recognition
(Pensee Journal, 2014) Nabeel Sabir Khan; Adnan Shahzada; Saleem Ata; Adnan Abid; Yaser Daanial khan; Muhammad Shoaib Farooq; Muhammad Tahir Mushtaq; Inayat Khan
There is a persistent communication barrierbetween the deaf and normal community becausea normal person has no or limited fluency with thesign language. A person with hear-impairment hasto express himself via interpreters or text writing.This inability to communicate effectively between thetwo groups affects their interpersonal relationships.There are about 0.24 million Pakistanis who are eitherdeaf or mute and they communicate through PakistanSign Language(PSL). In this research work a systemfor recognizing hand gestures for Pakistan Sign Languagealphabets in unimpeded environment is proposed. A digitalcamera is used to acquire PSL alphabet’s images withrandom background. These images are preprocessedfor hand detection using skin classification filter. Thesystem uses discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for featureextraction.Artificial neural network(ANN) withbackpropagation learning algorithm is employed torecognize the sign feature vectors. The dataset contains500 samples of Pakistan Sign Language alphabets withvarious background environments. The experimentsshow that the classification accuracy of the proposedsystem for the selected PSL alphabets is 86.40%.
Transformer less design of polymer exchange membrane fuel cell based uninterruptable power supply
(University of Management and Technology, 2013) Mohsin Ali
This research work presents a transformer less model of fuel cell powered uninterruptable power supply (UPS). The design consideration of this research includes the utilization of Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell ( PEMFC) market available stack model and designing of an efficient, low loss, cheap and high power design of a transformer less inverter model for 6kW UPS. This model is controlled with the help of embedded controller which ensures ripple and glitch free voltage regulated inverter providing pure sine wave as an output. This efficient inverter uses high frequency ferrite core transformer which would have a very small size and high efficiency. This model also ensures a very low total harmonic distortion. The proposed model utilizes a super capacitor module to overcome the electric transient conditions for the instantaneous power fluctuation, slow dynamics of the fuel cell and idealizing the overload response. Finally with synchronization techniques this UPS is connected to AC supply mains, also the calculations of fuel required for one hour continuous operation of 6kW UPS is formulated. The model proposed in this research work is implemented in MATLAB – SIMULINK environment.
Smart meter prototype design and implementation for smart grid based future energy systems
(University of Management and Technology, 2013) Sumaira Latif; Aman Fatima
Efficient use of energy becomes more crucial when increase in the cost of energy is observed. Since energy management is required to define the amount of consumed energy in a specific period of time, utilization of Energy Meters is essential. It is possible to measure the consumed energy by using a simple energy meter. But sometimes the limited functionality of these meters restricts their area of application; especially in inaccessible positions or in the situations where visibility of the meter is poor, it is not possible to use such an appliance. A possible solution is to design digital Energy Meter (DEM) which is able to send its data via serial communication to a PC where monitoring and analysis of the data will be easily made. This measurement system is aimed to be used in measuring energy related quantities at remote locations. This document describes the design and implementation of a Digital Energy Meter (DEM) based on PIC micro controller. Calculation of Active power, Reactive power, apparent power and Power factor is a distinct feature of this project.

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