Department of Operations & Supply Chain

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https://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/412

Operations & Supply Chain serves as the backbone of any business organization, be it a manufacturing facility or a service provider. It enables organizations to achieve their objectives through providing effective and efficient solutions to customer needs.

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Analysis on the Supply Chain of A.T.S Synthetic Pvt. Ltd.
(University of Management & Technology, 2017) Ismat Butt, Ammar; Zahidi, Syed Imran; Jamil, Badar; Ahmaad, Shafqaat
This project covers the correction of process which starts from procurement of materials from vendors globally and produce finished goods and delivery to customers. This process includes Sole Manufacturing and Synthetic Leather Manufacturing by reducing shortage of materials in warehouses. Elimination of lead time increasing steps (Non value added). Process optimization of Logistics (Warehousing, Distribution, Transportation, Customs Clearance), Planning (Production Planning, Stock Planning, Material Planning). Process standardization by benchmarking from different logistics bodies. E.g. FBR (Federal Board of Revenue). Furthermore addition of latest technology E.g. online information portal.
Achieving supply chain resilience
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2017) Sohail, Abdul Rehman
Crafting Humanitarian Supply Chain Management Framework For a Developing Nation
(University of Management and Technolog, 2017) Rabiyya Shakeel
Natural disasters have started increasing both in terms of frequency and magnitude. Most of the Asian countries, including Pakistan, are very much prone to natural disasters especially to the floods and earthquakes resulting in extremely vulnerable aftermaths. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of existing disaster management approaches in context of a developing country and to propose a systematic Humanitarian Supply Chain Management (HSCM) Framework in order to overcome the challenges faced regarding relief operations management. Case study methodology has been adopted for detailed examination of phenomenon of interest. A single case of HSCM has been selected along with embedded units including NGO, Government Disaster Management Authority (GDMA) and disaster victims. Data has been collected from multiple sources in order to triangulate data including primary and secondary sources. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted to collect primary data from sub-units of case. It has been found that poor mechanism has been prevailing in Pakistanin terms of pre-disaster contingency planning, disaster time emergency response and post-disaster consequence management. Such erratic and unsystematic approach drives reactiveness and ineffectiveness of disaster management. This study proposes a comprehensive HSCM framework to address underlying endogenous and exogenous challenges. The significance of this study is that it will add to the scarce literature available on HSCM from perspective of developing countries. Secondly, this study will also facilitate all involved parties including those that act voluntarily as well as those that are liable for relief operations management, as it lays down basic foundation for all stakeholders of HSCM to understand factors that hamper their abilities to manage natural disasters as well as guide them to treat such events in ex-ante manner in the light of proposed holistic and flexible HSCM framework.
To analyze the impact of supply chain practices and tools used by DHL to manage its operations
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2017) Tariq, Umair
Every business has a concern with supply chain irrespective to its size, nature and age needs an adequate concentration on its supply chain to carry out regular business operations and survive in the international business competition. A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, technology, activities, information and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer. Supply chain transform natural resources, raw material and components into finished product that is delivered to the end customer. The project report title “Analysis of Supply chain practices and tools used by DHL to manage its Operations” deals with this matter and is based on the supply chain management of DHL Global. This study encompasses comparison of ‘best practices’ of global companies with the DHL Global practices locally. DHL Global is worldwide organizations which always enforce its global strategies on local sub offices. So practically if one sub office can be analyzed, we can generalized outcome of that particular study on the overall functions, strategies and operations of DHL Global. Particularly this study focuses on DHL Global strategies, functionalities and operations under the global umbrella of DHL. In this study I tool best practices in supply chain management and compare it with DHL practices and found that DHL is almost following all best practices prevailing in the global market. To complete the objective of this study, data has been collected by primary and secondary sources. Information on IT investment, supply chain practices and operations of DHL to meet customer demand, has been collected by semi structured interview. According to the result, DHL is currently considered the number one logistic company on the basis of supply chain management practices related to customer service management, IT investment, logistics operations, procurement, customer service management and order fulfillment. Moreover the claims of DHL to be the first organization which not only implement global best practices but also sustain it over the period of time. There are some constraints in the implementation of such strategies and they are well explaining in suggestion part of this study.
Impact of supply chain management practices on organizational performance
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2017) Javaid Iqbal
With increase in globalization, competition in the local markets has also increased significantly, therefore, companies cannot remain competitive through production of quality products or services only rather they need to implement such policies and supply chain practices that could distinguish them from the other peers or give them competitive advantage in the market. The main purpose of this study is to identify the impact of supply chain practices over the performance of the supply chain partners including retailers, distributors and manufacturers in the pharmaceutical industry of Pakistan. The study has been conducted to evaluate the impact of supply chain practices like supplier's relationship, customer relationship, quality of information sharing and information sharing over the supply chain partners. The quantitative information for the execution of this study has been collected through establishment of self-administered questionnaires, which was used through both the interactive and non-interactive channels for collection of required information. A Sample of 150 major manufacturing organizations along with all the major retailers having more than three branches in Pakistanand major distributors was selected among which 121 responses were obtained. Before proceeding towards the detailed research, pilot study was conducted. Data was analyzed through cross-sectional research approach and quantitative methodology was followed for utilization of both the primary and secondary data. The study concluded that the supply chain practices like customer relationship and quality of information sharing has significant impact over the performance of a single supply chain partner only, i.e. manufacturers, while the other two supply chain practices, i.e. supplier's relationship and information sharing shows no affect over the performance of manufacturing organization. However, the all the four supply chain practices showed no effect over the performances of the other two supply chain partners, i.e. distributor and retailers.
Framework of Performance Measurement System for Material Supply Chain Case of Pakistan Railways
(University of Management and Technology, 2017) Abdus Salam, Muhammad
The study defined the basic performance measurement system framework for Pakistan Railways Material Supply Chain. An important aspect of the study is; the focus is kept on Public Sector Supply Chain. Public Sectors are thought to be non-profit organizations. But in the today’s competitive world the whole dynamics of various organizations have changed including Public Sector Organizations. There is a constant pressure on organizations whether public or private to evolve and improve on regular basis. The issues like accountability, transparency and profitability are constantly being raised regarding Public Sector Organizations. This requires continuous improvement which in turn is not possible without the provision of an efficient and effective performance measurement system. The study is of qualitative nature and triangulation was used to verify the results. Industry related expert interviews were conducted and matched with department’s source documents, participant’s observation and with the literature review as well. The research has addressed the basic questions of why Performance Measurement System is required in Pakistan Railways or the drivers of Performance Measurement in Pakistan Railways. Secondly, it addresses the issue of identification of the problems that may be encountered in the Performance Measurement of Pakistan Railways. And lastly a framework is developed for the performance measurement of Pakistan Railways. This framework is divided into strategic, tactical and operational divisions. The Railways Material Supply Chain is divided into three sub-categories namely In-Bound Material Supply Chain, Internal Material Supply Chain and Reverse Material Supply Chain (Reverse Logistics). It is noteworthy that no major study has been performed in the Public Sector that includes the role of reverse logistics.
Assessing the impact of green supply chains on competitiveness and economic performance
(University of Management and Technology, 2017) Maham Majid
Purpose This aim of this study is to identify the link between green supply chain management initiatives and increased competiveness and economic performance in the context of Pakistani industrial sector. Design/methodology/approach A theoretical model was developed for this purpose by reviewing the relevant literature. Then, a questionnaire was mailed to manufacturing companies in Pakistan. The data collected was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Findings The results of this study show that greening of the inbound and production function leads to competitiveness and economic performance. However, the relationship between the outbound function and increased competiveness and economic performance is not significant. Future research could include an empirical assessment using a larger sample covering a wide geographical area. Significance of the study This study provides an empirical evaluation using a sample of Pakistani companies.
Impact of Customer Relationship, Quality of Information Sharing and Level of Information Sharing on Operational Efficiency of Freight Forwarding Industry of Pakistan
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Awan, Ali Haider
SCM is considered as a perquisite for success of any company, now all MNCs and progress companies are highly dependent on SCM. SCM helps organization in identifying gap and lead to ways to fulfill those gaps. In current era when business has not border lines and flourishing globally, it has become very important for companies to meet customers’ demand at low cost through giving them high quality of services in delivering products at their door step. This has become a big challenge for freight forwarder to meet these requirements. To achieve this level of service, freight forwarding companies has to increase efficiency of its operations. Just by increasing operational efficiency of internal functional is not enough to survive in market. Freight forwarders have to look its operations in the context of SCM. Since Freight Forwarders are acting as an intermediary between shippers (suppliers) and consignee (customers), so its operations are highly effected by its partners. This effected operational efficiency of freight forwarding companies will lead to success or failure of its partners which are suppliers and customers. So there is highly need to see operational efficiency of Freight Forwarding organization in context of SCM. For this study, after having discussion with practitioners and from literature, three SCM practices have been selected which are Customer Relationship (CR), Level of Information Sharing (LIS) and Quality of Information Sharing (QIS). The aim of this study is to see impact of selected SCM practices on OE of Freight Forwarding Industry. The target of this study is PIFFA registered companies and sample size is 115. The data was collected through questionnaire and SPSS was being used to conduct results. Key words Supply Chain Management, Logistics, Freight Forwarding Companies
The impact of different dimensions of risk on supply chain performance in textile industry of Pakistan
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2017) Qadeer, Abdul Wahab
Textile Industries around the world are progressing by leap and bound. For the progress of any country’s economy it is very important to have such types of industries in the country to process its resourcesinto the finished product. Pakistan is agricultural economy and cotton is one of its major crops and there are over 6000 textile industries currently working in Pakistan.This research highlights some of the critical risks which can affect any company in Pakistan. By ignoring these risks duringthe currentperiod of time,a company can incur huge losses which cannot be recovered even after decades, since the global competition is at its peak and every country is striving to get more global market share. It is important to have the knowledgeaboutthese risk when developing business strategy. A model is developed of different dimensions of risks and the supply chain performance. The risks involved in the model are demand side risks, supply side risks, infrastructural risks and macro risks.To measure the impact of these risks on Supply Chain Performance, one controllable variable was included i.e. risk management.Based on this model which is adopted from the literature, four hypotheses were developed.Quantitative research strategies were followed along with cross sectional data. One hundred and fifty four responses were collected from the textile industry of Pakistan,out of which only one hundred and thirty five are selected.OLS is used to measure their impact on Supply Chain Performance. After the analysis of the data, only one hypothesis was supported. Intheend, discussion based reasons are given which support the results presented in the research.
Impact of supply chain management practices on performance of SMEs related to chemical industry
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2017) Muhammad Adnan Irshad
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to measure the relationship between SCM practices and the performance of SME related to chemical industry. This study is done to empirically test a framework identifying the relationships among SCM practices, Supply Chain Performances, Strategic Collaboration and Lean Practices (SCLP), Outsourcing & Multi Supplier (OMS), Operational Performance (OPER) & SCM Related Organizational Performance (ORG) with special importance on small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) related to chemical industry. Methodology: Data was collected through survey from the supply chain experts of different chemical companies all over Pakistan, a total of 781questionnaires were sent out of which 115 responses were collected. The research framework was tested using the regression & co relational analysis. Findings: Based on the descriptive research, the result indicates that strategic collaboration and lean practices have positive impact on operational & organizational performance of SME's related to chemical industry. Also the direct & significant relationship found between the variables of study. No insignificant and negative impact were found. Limitations & Implications: Perhaps the major limitation is that supply chain management is considered to be a new area of study in Pakistantherefore exact knowledge of supply chain management practices in a single respondent is rare. The sample size is also limited so for further research larger sample size should be required to confirm the relationship. The current study just confirms the relationship and impact; future research should consider the more organizational performance practices to show the broader picture. Originality/Value: This thesis report enhances the body of knowledge by adding new data and empirical insights into the relationship Supply Chain Management practices on performance of SMEs related to chemical industry in Pakistan.
Logistical factors that affect the performance of supply chain in textile industry of Pakistan
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2017) Ali, Faryad
Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between logistical factors i.e. Organizational Factors (OF), Managerial Factors (MF), Structural Factors (SF) and Technological Factors (TF) with Supply Chain Management Performance (SCP) in the Textiles industry of Pakistan. Research Design/Methodology: The data for this study were collected from the 120 companies that are working in the textile sector in Lahore and Faisalabad region. Hypothesis had been developed to test the model and for the analysis purpose the Partial Least Square were used. Findings: The findings shows that Managerial Factors, Structural Factor and Technological Factors have a significant positive impact on the Supply Chain Management Performance. While Organizational Factors have a negative relationship with Supply Chain Management Performance. Research Limitations: This research only focused on the companies that are working in the two geographically different regions. In future, this model can be applied to different industrial sectors or regions to understand their supply chain performance with respects to the logistics.
Role of management accounting in supply chain Functions
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Akhtar, Saqib
Over the long time there have additionally developed some worthy theoretical inputs in which Management Accounting (MA), buying and Supply Chain Management (SCM) has been linked. However, MA and SCM still give off an impression of being a generally disregarded field, both as to practice and academic examination. In this study efforts are made to provide some inputs in the field of MA and SCM. It particularly examines the role of MA in Supply Chain (SC) function and for this purpose some MA techniques i.e. Open Book Accounting (OBA), Target Costing (TC) and Activity Based Costing (ABC) are highlighted with regards to SCM. A case study of manufacturing company is conducted with the aim of understanding the potential role that MA plays in SC functions. The main source of data/material gathering was through exercise of semi-structured in-depth interviews supported by workplace observation and document review. The results indicate that linkages of Management Accounting Practices (MAPs) with SCM provide great edge to organization. It creates superior inter-organizational relationships and integration capacities across the SC. Thus the management can use the information provided by MAPs for the creation of effective and efficient SCM environment which will leads them towards improved costs, quality and relationship. The results obtained from this research are not only beneficial to academicians in further investigating and analyzing relationship between MAPs and SC functions, but also helpful to professional in directing the successful implementation of SCM practices and the assessment of supply chain performance. In future research studies, more companies can be considered and by using different research methodologies the generalizability of research study can be further increased and concept can be explained more clearly.
Impact of green supply chain management practices on corporate image
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) khurram, Muhammad
The research was conducted to analyze and evaluate the impact of the green supply chain management on the corporate image. The data collection utilized quantitative methods in which the self administered questionnaires were used to collect the data by utilizing both the interactive and non interactive tools of data collection. The sample size was 120 companies from the manufacturing sector and all the companies were listed on Lahore Stock Exchange and belonged to manufacturing sector. Before preceding the research the pilot study was conducted. The data was analyzed by using the deductive research design and the methodology being followed in this research was quantitative, which utilized both the primary and secondary data. The study determines that the corporate brand image developed by the green supply chain management is affected by the green purchasing, the customer cooperation, Eco Design, internal environment management and investment recovery extent. .
The Role of external integration on supply chain performance in manufacturing companies of Pakistan
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Abid Mansoor
Purpose- There is a very limited research on measuring supply chain performance with respect to external integration in Pakistani manufacturing companies. Purpose of this research is to depict the role of external integration on supply chain performance Design/Methodology/approach- Research design is quantitative. Research strategy is Survey based. Findings-By using Survey Method, it was found that external integration positively affect supply chain performance. Originality/ value-This research adds value in literature by explaining supply chain performance with respect to supplier integration and customer integration. Practical implications of this research are enormous. This study reveals that manufacturing companies of Pakistanhas achieved the average level of integration with their suppliers and customers. The finding also reveals that external integration has the positive correlation with supply chain performance.
Role of dealer selection process (a case study of foam industry of Pakistan)
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Muhammad, Ikram Ali
The purpose of this thesis is to highlight the importance of dealers for manufacturing firms and the benefits can only be gained with the right selection of dealers for a company. The thesis will represent the influencing factors in dealer selection process that can affect the business success in a worse way. The manufacturing company’s use of intelligent selection process can help in handling the key challenges to balance the risks of securing a company’s position in a market. In order to explain dealer’s selection and evaluation criteria, a qualitative research is conducted on case company named“Master’s MOLTY foam Pvt. Ltd”. The results were drawn from the interviews conducted with the company’s professionals and direct observations through the company visits and a detail literature review on similar topics of dealer’s selection process. The use of right dealers to sell Company’s product can lead an entire organization to the next level. The literature review done in this research supported this study in various manners and further qualitative analysis is done to highlight the barriers during selection of right dealers. In this study, the suggestions regarding the dealer’s selection are presented in concluding remarks of the study. All the information and data used in qualitative analysis is completely based on literature review, semi structured interviews and facts about international standards of selecting a dealer for manufacturing companies.
Developing a framework for RFID implementation in the supply chain:Developing country perspective
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Sanaa Hameed
There has been an increasing trend of studying RFID and its applications indifferent sectors & industries in developed countries. But unfortunately there is a scarcity of research studies in literature regarding developing countries. This study is an effort to contribute in literature of RFID implementation in developing countries like Pakistan. The focus of the study is to explore and explain the different aspects of RFID implementation and also explain the success factors of RFID implementation in Pakistani environment.
Effect of strategic purchasing practices and buyer-supplier integration on supply chain performance: A study of fan manufacturing SMEs of Pakistan
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Tahira, Sayda Uzma
Strategic considerations towards the purchasing function are significant not only for large organizations but also for small and medium sized business establishments. Small and medium sized companies are significant part of any economy and are basically responsible for growth and development in the economy. They are the backbone of economy because they generate income and employment opportunities. For all SMEs it has become significant to improve their purchasing practices because through this they can achieve competitive advantage. This study focuses on the fan manufacturing SMEs of Pakistan. Purchasing performance of SMEs and the supplier relationships are closely interrelated and therefore are the main theme of this study. Previous research mainly focuses on achieving competitive advantage through strategic purchasing as firms can achieve competitive advantages by combining their own core competencies with the capabilities of their suppliers and maintaining long term relationships. This study is backed by the relational aspect of the Resource Based View focusing on the collaborative advantage along with the competitive advantage and examine the combined impact of strategic purchasing practices and buyer supplier integration on supply chain performance of fan manufacturing SMEs. Cross sectional field survey research design was used to conduct this research. Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the hypothesis. SmartPLS version 2.0 was utilized for data analysis. Process MACRO designed by Prof. Heys was applied to test the mediation. The results of the study indicate the positive impact of strategic purchasing initiatives on buyer-supplier integration at operational, informational and relational levels and a significant indirect ii impact on supply chain performance. The findings of the study are useful for SME managers and owners for developing effective purchasing strategies.
Application of value stream mapping tool in the beverage industry ( Soft drink company) of Pakistan
(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Shafaq Ajmal
The purpose of this thesis is to show the application of VSM tool in the beverage industry. The approach used is case study. Data has been collected through semi structured interviews. Data validity has been done using the secondary documentation and plant visits. The study starts with introduction of VSM and highlights its importance in big as well as small manufacturing firms, offices, service industry and healthcare sector.. It also shows that the previous studies have been done using VSM and significant decrease in lead time was observed. The parameters used are efficiency, effectiveness and lead time. The second portion shows the literature review on all the parameters used in this study. The third portion elaborates that qualitative research using case study has been done. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling and the unit of analysis is managers at strategic and tactical level. Four in depth interviews have been conducted. Data triangulation has been done using semi structured interviews, direct observation and document analysis. The results reveal that VSM is not implemented in beverage industry and lead time is the major issue company is facing and to overcome this problem safety stock is kept. Uncertainty and space constraints are other issues. The current state and future state map have been drawn which shows a significant reduction in lead time.
Implementation of CPFR model in the food manufacturing industry
(University of Management and Technology, 2014) Asif, Muhammad
Purpose This study examines the collaborations by downstream and upstream partners of food companies supply chains. This research covers the implementation of CPFR model in food manufacturing. The idea behind this process is to make collaborative actions on all members of the supply chain to come up with a shared vision and objective. Based on the core concept of this process partners along the supply chain share information based on customer trends and needs to create a single forecast that is visualized at all times by its members to act accordingly to sudden changes in demand. In the literature discussed of collaborative supply chains to enhance the efficiency of supply chain management and alignment of supply chain partner. The implementation of CPFR enables the food manufacturer to tie up with its supply chain existing partners and potential partners as an entity toward the same objectives, and brings maximum benefits to each participant. Design/methodology/approach This is a case based research. For the deep understanding of this phenomenon qualitative research was conducted. The second approach was to contact the companies involved in the research and use semi structure questionnaire to identify the relationship and the problems involved in their supply chain structure. Primary data was collected through semi structured interviews with supply chain managers, documentations and also made through direct observations in the focal firm. Interviews are conducted from 9 supply chain managers. Further for data analysis Flow Model is used and validity and reliability of the data improve the quality of this research. Findings The supply chain management researches indicate integration/collaboration in the business process. Yet, despite positive attitudes towards collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR) and several pilot implementations undertaken in the beginning of the millennium, significant implementations of collaborative forecasting are still scarce. In this paper shows the high contribution of collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR) model in the food manufacturing industry such as accurate forecasting, reduce bullwhip effect by the collaboration of partners, to achieve the better visibility within the supply chain. This research is focused at the implementation of SC strategy yet in the food industry not implemented the CPFR in their process. Finding tells us focal firm working at the VMI strategy and used forecasting technique for their internal process. Focal firm used CCM for communication with internal and external business process. Practical implications This model is based on collaboration among the partners and some modification for the food industry in order to achieve great benefits in the supply chain. We draw upon finding and literature from both successful and less successful implementations to illustrate which factors contribute less successful implementation of CPFR model in the companies. Originality/value This study aims to not only discover the gaps present in the food manufacturing supply chain performance measurement but endeavors to fill up the knowledge gap to suggest which business strategy is facilitating the development of food manufacturing supply chains and enhance efficiency of supply chain partners. Keywords: Collaborative planning, forecasting, Collaborative replenishment, Case study.
Diagnostic study of supply chain management in master garments (Pvt) Ltd
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2014) Abdul Muneeb; Hammad Azhar; Abdul Hye Abid; Shahid Amin, Muhammad
We have done our project on the supply chain of Master Garments. Garments are the one of the most valuable products of Pakistan. It increases the economic growth of Pakistan. Farmers now days are keen to grow cotton as it is a profit making crop. Cotton is used to make fabric and then by further processes on it, garments are manufactured. Introduce new technology and awareness in farmers can boast up this industry. Garments industry can increase GDP level also if proper importance should be given to it. Pakistan is an agriculture country, but no proper importance and care is given to it. Farmers face many problems e.g. high cost of fertilizer, no cash payment on the spot, bad knowledge about sprays etc. People like commission agent, ginning mill owners and even government body is corrupt. Textile and garments industry of Pakistan canfulfill the needs of local as well as foreign customers if proper attention is given to them. We visited master’s garment and textile industry in Lahore and study their supply chain. As such no supply chain is implemented in this industry. We prepared detail charts of material flow, cash flow, information flow of this industry. By theses charts we identify major issues. End to end supply chain is also made by getting information’s from all the departments and suppliers of this industry Master garments manufacture gents, ladies and baby garments. Their main customers are Levis, CK etc. and also export their garments. Somehow they provide garments to local market but this ratio is less in number. Firstly customer give design and company prepare a sample and if approve by the customer, production is start. Fabric is purchased from master textile which is located in the same location where garment factory located. Fabric is then stored in garment factory store but problem which we identify is that these fabric remain there for long period. By studying all the processes about ginning, yarn manufacturing, fabric making and garments making we develop pipeline mapping. Form where all the problems can be identified easily. Order fulfillment mapping is also made to show the process that how the master garment full the order of the customer. In value stream mapping we identified the value added and non-value added things and time occur in Master Garments. By preparing value chain analysis we identify primary and secondary activities in Masters Garments. As a result total supply chain and its process are studied and we gave detail information about every process. We gave recommendation and actions plan by applying these on regular intervals these issues can be reduced. We also proposed them the CPFR model.

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