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Item Impact of principal’s leadership styles on teachers' work attitudes(UMT, Lahore, 2003) Mrs. Abeeda AyazThe administrative and organizational behaviour of the Principal is long recognized as an important determinant of schools effectiveness. The leadership style of the principal shapes the teachers work attitude her, which is dependent upon provision of favourable working environment, salary structure, a concern for the personal problems of employees and feedback about their work. What are perceptions of teachers regarding leadership styles of their principals and how do their leadership styles impacted the work attitude of teachers was the focus of this study which was conducted in nine schools of Lahore cantonment area. Both the qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed to determine leadership styles and as well as their impacts on the work attitude of teachers. A detailed questionnaire for teachers was constructed to see their perceptions about the principals' leadership styles and their impact on work attitude of the teachers. The collected data was analyzed. The finding of the study brought to light some important points. In all schools of Cantonment area of Lahore city most of the teachers were provided with suitable working environment by their principals and were given positive feedback on their performance and they were getting reasonable pays. On the whole the leadership style of the principals could be termed as ' democratic'. The effect of their leadership style on the work attitude of the teachers working under them was found to be positive as reflected by their views regarding satisfaction with their salaries, high motivation, and acceptance of feedback on their work and a feeling of professional growth on the job.Item A study of Islamic concept of motivation in teaching-learning process(UMT, Lahore, 2003) Syeda Rakshinda MehtabItem A study of teacher quality against professional assessment standards set by university of Mississippi(UMT, Lahore, 2003) Mrs. Naheed MasoodStaff development is most effective when it is job-embedded and relates directly to the work teachers do in classrooms. The present research is a study of Teacher Quality against professional assessment standards set by University of Mississippi. Researcher has taken the observations of teachers in The Punjab School, Lahore. Researcher's observations against set standards measure the teacher quality in classroom teaching and provide a promising and practical solution to determine the strong and weak areas of the teachers. These measurements of teachers are both comprehensive enough to capture the essence of good teaching, and also provide opportunities for teachers to improve themselves professionally. The standards of teaching profession by University of Mississippi address these core elements that no other evaluation system possesses. The researcher then proposes that by assessing the teacher quality against standards of Teaching Profession by University of Mississippi, teacher quality can be defined, leading to targeted professional development to improve teachers' teaching practices and student's achievementItem Teaching language through literature as viewed by English language teachers of garden town Lahore(UMT, Lahore, 2003) Shahbaz Farooq KunwarPurpose Purpose of the study was to know the views of English language teachers of Garden Town Lahore regarding leaching language through literature. The study was focused around knowing differences between the views of teachers from public and private sectors, primary and secondary levels and the teachers having less and more experience. Procedure The study was focused around knowing the views of English language teachers of Garden Town Lahore regarding teaching language through literature. All the schools in Garden Town Lahore were included in the population.20% of the total population was taken as sample. The study was based upon hypothesis testing. There were three variables; private and public sector, primary and secondary levels, and less and more experience. Statistical analysis was done applying t test. The study was conducted through survey and questionnaire was used as research tool. Findings The findings of the study showed that all three hypotheses were rejected as null hyjiothesis were accepted .No significant difference was found in the views of public and private sector, primary and secondary level, more and less experienced language teachers of Garden Town Lahore regarding teaching language through literature. Conclusion Literature can play a great role in the development of language as it makes the language contextulized, motivates the language learners, and provides them opportunities to use language in the real life silualions. Moreover it is also beneficial in developing effective communicative skills.Item Development of teacher manual for grade 5 Punjab text board(UMT, Lahore, 2003) Asma SultanItem Dynamics of professional development of teachers at secondary level(UMT, Lahore, 2003) Zuhra SaeedThe primary purpose of the study v»as to know the perceptions of secondary school teachers towards professional development programs available in the forms of refresher courses, seminars, workshops, in-service training and short training programs, fhe aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of facts from teachers point of view. In order to explore the above-mentioned process, this study reveals the information about the areas of professional development programs, current standard of professional development programs as well as suggestions to improve the situation positively. Data analysis reveals that secondary school teachers attended the programs, which, were organized by school management. Quantitative data analysis reveals that there was no significant difference in the responses of male/ female, public sector or private sector, below thirty-five or thirty-five and above, teaching experience less than five years or five years and above. Frequency distribution shows that there should be increase in the content knowledge of the teacher in the relevant subject, individual needs analysis; classroom management skills and observations of other schools were the most significant areas for professional development programs. Qualitative data analysis strengthens the views further and teachers expressed their views in detail. Teachers discussed their needs and current situations. They wanted their presence in arranging these activities and full involvement, which could help them to walk right direction of professional growth. They want to participate by utilizing their full energy but due to lack of their participation, they don't achieve the goals. Though the scope of study was limited to the area of Allama Iqbal Town, Lahore, yet this study can be helpful for school management, administration and programs organizersItem Development a scheme of studies for master program of English language teaching in Pakistan(UMT, Lahore, 2003) Samreen ShahidThe leading purpose of the study was to design a scheme of studies for Masters Program of ELT in Pakistan. The scope of the study covered the faculty member of universities of Lahore, faculty members of International universities. Principals of Schools in Lahore, Alumni of MA ELT in Lahore and students of MA ELT in the Universities of Lahore.The views of faculty members, principals, students and,alumni were collected regarding the five subsidiary questions about the Masters Program of ELT. Qualitative survey was conducted for getting a general view. Survey method was taken up analyse the needs of students and alumni. The population consisted of Id. f teachers in l.ahore and abroad, principals of schools in Lahore, ELT students in Lahore universities and ELT alumni of Lahore. Three faculty members of Lahore. Three laculty members of International Universities, 15 ELT students, 5 alumni were taken as sample for the study.In-depth interviews were conducted with the faculty members, principals and alumni. The questionnaires for the students and alumni were prepared in the light ol studied material. The descriptive technique was used for summarizing and analyzing the data. The needs of students and alumni were analyzed by graphs as well. Each subsidiary question was taken up separately. The collcted facts from the mentioned research instruments were listed accordingly and definite recommendations were also made in the light of those facts.Item A survey of science laboratory facilities in government and private secondary schools(UMT, Lahore, 2003) Uzma SaleemThe leading purpose of the study was to know the laboratoi->' faeilities in seeondan sehools. The scope of the study covered the school of Allaina Iqbal Tow n, Lahore. The views of teachers were collected regarding the questions about the Laboratoiy faeilities. Quantitative survey was conducted for getting a data. The population consisted of Science teachers in Allama Iqbal Town, of Lahore. The questionnaires for the teachers were prepared in the light of studied material. The descriptive technique was used for summarizing and analyzing the data. The needs of teachers were analyzed by graphs as well. Each question was taken up separately. The collected facts from the mentioned research instruments were listed accordingly and definite recommendations were also made in the light of those facts.Item The role of parents in school improvement at primary level(UMT, Lahore, 2003) NABILA KOKABChild education is a joint responsibility of the school and the parents. Although there are other stakeholders as well but the parents among them are the most significant and important. No literature on education the world over is without emphasis on the parents' role in the educational development of children and improvement of the school. The primary purpose of the study was to acquaint the beliefs, opinions and involvement of the parents for the improvement of school at primary level. The school chosen for the purpose pf this study is customs public school junior branch situated 19 H Gulberg 2 Lahore .It houses children from play group through prep to class four. It has about 300 students on roll with 21 teachers. The school is precisely 22 years old and offers a career to its faculty with clearly laid down post retirement's benefits. This facilitates a long stay of teachers at the school with the visible sense of ownership. This also lends to the school a long living relationship between school teachers and the parents. In this research. Case study method was adopted. Population consist on the Questionnaire of Head teacher and parents of the Customs Public School Junior Branch Gulberg Lahore. Questionnaires Was the main research instrument. The parents are generally satisfied with the behavior of the school administrators and the teachers but they are worried that the school does not inform the parent of school programs and policies efficientlyItem Uses of audio visual aids in elementary school(UMT, Lahore, 2003) Shazia AshrafThe major purpose of the study was to determine the range of teachers' view points about the uses of audio-visual aids and their status in the schools of Lahore. The scope of the study was limited to all the elementary school teachers who have been teaching English and working in Govt. Semi Govt. and private schools in different areas of Allama Iqbal Town, Lahore. Two general and seventeen specific hypotheses were framed and for their analysis seventeen questions were developed to focus on these hypotheses. The population of the study was consisted of 48 govt., semi govt. and private schools both female and male. Stratified cluster sampling was used and 15 schools were selected to administer the questionnaire. In these fifteen schools sixty teachers were given with questionnaire to know the actual status of A.V. aids in these and how teachers use these aids in their teaching. In the responses of the teachers to the questionnaire. It was found that there was no significant difference in the opinions of more qualified, less qualified, less experienced, more experienced, professional, non-professional, English subject teachersItem The identification of writing difficulties in English Language at 8 grades(UMT, Lahore, 2003) Humaira KhanThe primary purpose of the study was to know the views of elementary school teachers and students towards English writing skills. The study was aimed at knowing the facts form both the teachers and students perspective. For the purpose of data collection of this study, an action research was conducted in 8 branches of one school of Lahore. Qualitative data analysis reveals that teachers in the mainstream use Grammar Translation method for teaching English writing skill because of lack of awareness about new teaching methods. Students also explained their view about the teaching of expository text. They expressed their view about needs. They wanted communicative teaching, use of A.V aids and their participation in the class. It was concluded that professional developments programs for the teachers should be arranged to make them aware about the new methods and techniques of teaching of writing skills so that positive change can be brought in the scenario of language education in Pakistan.Item The role of multiple intelligences in English language learning at secondary level(UMT, Lahore, 2003) MISBAH RASHIDThe primary purpose of the study was to determine the various IQ levels in a classroom, and also to observe different types of learning that took place in the classroom in order to render cognitive acceleration, e.g. erroneous learning (learning through errors), and vicarious learning (learning through observation- Albert Bandora). The population of the study was approximately 400 students, 27 teachers, and 10 members of the non-teaching staff of the school, viz.. The Educators, Marghzar Campus, 32 E Marghzar colony Lahore. A purposive sampling has been taken for this case study, in which the total sample size consisted of 71 students and 6 teachers. Two research instruments were used, i.e. unstructured interviews of teachers and students, and observations of classroom dynamics involving, generative learning and brainstorming etc. Qualitative techniques were used to analyze and present the data collected through interviews and documented observations. In the item analysis it was confirmed that, (1) there are sufficient physical facilities for teachers and students, (2) there are two term exams, the mid-term and the final term, (3) teachers give monthly tests to students, (4) weekly tests are conducted of all subjects, (5) a percentage of all tests and exams is calculated in the final result at the end of an academic session (6) note books are checked by the teachers and then counter checked by the subject coordinators, which is afterwards super checked by the school head (principal), (7) a variety of instructional materials are used during a lesson, (8) the school head, directors and teachers take interest in solving the students' academic and individual problems. (9) a student is given passing grades if he/she scores 40 % in a subject, (10) teachers and the school head remain in contact with the parents, (11) students and teachers are appreciated on a good result, (12) teachers cannot give corporal punishment to the students. In the light of the findings several concrete recommendations were made; (1) Senior and experienced teachers should be selected for teaching language. (2) Eftbrts should be made to improve the library to fulfil the present day's needs. (3) Teachers should be imparted with professional guidance and training. (4) Language classes should be interlinked with the electronic media, esp. the Internet. (5) Action research should be introduced to bring improvement in the language learningItem Implementation of curricula at secondary level(UMT, Lahore, 2003) Farah NazA curriculum plan is as good as its implementation since it is its actual achievement and not merely the objectives set and organizational mechanism provided that determine the impact of a plan. Without effective implantation the decisions of the curriculum planner are not to be carried out successfully. Since the people who plan the curriculum are not the same people who carried out it, there is a considerable room of distortion of the curriculum planner's intentions if the steps and action appropriate to the plan are not taken. Curriculum is construction and implementation involve an intricate set of positive actions on the part of many people such as educational planners, administrators, supervisors, teacher educators and persons serving in supporting services. It demands concentrated efforts by those who are responsible for planning and implementing at departmental and institutional levels. If a curriculum is inappropriate or if it cannot realize the goals for which it was designed, it will be a failure no matter how well it is implemented. A brilliantly conceived and prepared curriculum but poorly implemented is bound to fall to achieve the intentions of the curriculum planner. Many studies reveal a variety of elements affecting diffusion and implementation. Hence this area — the problem of curriculum implementation and the factors, which may affect it — becomes one of the major aspects requiring a thorough probe and investigation. In this process, there may be many factors which may come into the way and may either facilitate or hinder its implementation. Inappropriate implementation can scuttle the best-indented and handsomely designed curriculum. The purpose of study was to identify the factors which influence curriculum implementation at the secondary school stage as perceived by teachers, and principals. The study was based on the assumption that the curricula introduced were not fully implementedItem Educational climate of the Punjab school Kot Khawaja Saeed Lahore(UMT, Lahore, 2003) Sajid MasoodThe prime purpose of the study was to study die cultures, safety practices, and organizational structures of The Pimjab School Kot Khawaja Saeed Lahore The study addressed teaching practices, diversity, and the relationships among administrators, teachers, parents, and students, co-curricular activities, school building and other physical facilities, assessment and educational facilities. The population of the study consisted approximately 400 students, 25 teachers and 6 members of non-teaching staff. The total sample size consisted of 4 teachers and 30 students. Questionnaires as research instrument were administered. Both close ended and open ended questions were arranged in the questionnaire prepared for teachers and students. Apart from questionnaire interviews, classroom observations were also taken. The data was analyzed qualitatively. Both statistical and descriptive techniques were used for the analysis of data. The collected information were presented in the form of tables. Analysis of data revealed that the school educational climate is very positive and favourable for the academic and social growth of students. There is healthy interaction among different stake holders. School facilities have good impact on learning of students. Students feel more secure in school and enjoy the healthy environment. In the light of the findings several recommendations were also made. Teacher should use a variety of teaching methods other than traditional one in class. Student centred and interactive approaches enhance learning greatly due to more involvement of students. (2) Teachers should involve in action research to solve their problems within the school as they have support of professional development centre. (3) Teachers should bring more realia in classes. They should use projectors, real objects and should teach with more enthusiasm. (4) Internet has brought ocean of knowledge at our door steps. It should be used wisely in school. (5) Reflection is one of the most widely used strategies for professional development. It should be incorporated instead of traditional lecture methods, (6) Teachers should avoid aversive punishment as it hamper creativity among students moreover, students will start avoiding teacher and school, (7) Mentoring should be initiated so that newly appointed teachers feel no fear jfrom their first experience of teaching.Item Motivation level of head teachers read foundation school(UMT, Lahore, 2003) Muhammad Shafique KhanThe primary purpose of the study was to explore the motivation level of the head teachers of the READ Foundation. Four hypotheses were formulated for the study. All the hypotheses were related to demographic variables; marital states, experience qualification ^ and age .Item by item analysis of the questionnaire focused on the different factors ana dimensions of the motivation concepts have been tested. The population of study was consisted of272 schools' head teachers of READ the Foundation. Random sampling was used. The total sample size was consisted of 272 head teachers; therefore 30 were drawn as a sample. A questionnaire of 26 items was devised as research instrument. All the six hypotheses were accepted. It was found that most of the head teachers have reservations about the job security and they are not satisfied in respect of salary package. But head teachers feed great satisfaction in respect of improvement given by organization, independent actions, they take to improve school. Most of head teachers are highly motivated become community prise their work. It was concluded that significance was not found in the views of head teachers towards motivation level of primary, middle and high school of the READ foundationItem Job satisfaction of head teachers of read schools of Azad Jammu and Kashmir(UMT, Lahore, 2003) M. Irfan BashirEffective management of today's organization and the human resources that make them either go or not go is facing enormous challenges. Downsizing, diversity, the knowledge and information explosion, global competition, and total quality are not only some of the latest buzzwords, they are representative of the harsh reality facing managers now and in the future. There are many solutions being offered of how to deal with these complex challenges. It is reality that some organizational cultures could be labeled "strong", others "weak". The leaders and workers who highly satisfied with the organization, they shaped strong and positive culture in the organization. The organizations have strong and positive culture can go ahead. As a developing country, we have to manage the research which helps us to promote the satisfaction of our human resources and enhance the positive culture within the organization. The research "Job satisfaction of head teachers of READ schools of AJK" aimed at finding the attitudes of head teachers by asking them to state their views about various dimensions, components and factors of Job satisfaction. For this purpose a questionnaire was prepared. The questionnaire was prepared by the researcher himself under the guidance of teacher of the thesis. The researcher selected "The Rural Education and Development (READ) Foundation's schools of AJK as the area of his study. The number of head teachers thus selected 27 as a sample. After the collection of data the tabulation of the data was made. Some basic statistics techniques were used; t-test and chi-square tests were applied. This was calculated for each respondents and the total percentage was drawn for each aspect of the attitudes of interpretationItem Organizational commitment of read foundation's schools teachers(UMT, Lahore, 2003) Syed Khalid Hussain KazmiIn this study, it was tried to determine the teachers; level of commitment with regard to the commitment to vision and mission of the organization, commitment to teaching occupation, commitment to work group, and commitment to work place (organization) of Rural Education and Development Foundation (READ) in AJK, District Rawalpindi of Pakistan. Six hypotheses were formulated for this study. All the hypotheses were related to demographic variables, sex, age, marital status, experience, professional qualification and academic qualification. A scale with four dimensions including 25 items was administered for determining the level of organizational commitment. The population of the study was consisted 1711 teachers of READ Foundation from 372 from schools. Sample of 104 teachers was drawn by cluster sampling; dividing 372 schools in nine clusters and then selecting 3 schools by lottery from each cluster, finally 27 schools were taken, these schools have 104 teachers that were used as sample in the study. A questionnaire of 25 items was used as research instrument. All the null hypotheses were upheld. It was concluded that there was no significant difference in the level of organizational commitment of READ Foundation's teachers. Data was analyzed by 't' test and 'chi-square' test. In the item analysis it was found that: 1. Most of the teachers strongly believe that goals of the organization are clear to them; they strongly believe that their values and organizational values are very similar. 2. 3. 4. Mostly teachers think that they are pleased being in this organization, their working relationship with organization, among staff member is harmonious. Mostly teachers were proud of being teachers; they strongly believe that their school is the best one among others. Most of the teachers believed that they exerted great effort on behalf of the organization. Teachers were strongly in favor of their job in this organizationItem Organizational culture of read foundation's schools as viewed by read's schools head teachers(UMT, Lahore, 2003) Jamil AhmedThis study explores the organizational culture of READ Foundation on the basis of READ'S schools headteachers' views. The primary purpose of the study was to £issess READ Foundation's organizational culture of schools through four dimensions i.e. involvement, consistency, adaptability and mission. Five hypotheses were formulated based on demographic variables; age, marital status, experience, academic qualification and professional qualification. The population of study consisted of 278 READ'S schools and 27 schools' headteachers were taken as sample through stratified random sampling. A questionnaire comprising 28 questions was used as research instrument. All the five null hypotheses were upheld and it was concluded that no significant difference is found in the views of READ Foundation schools' headteachers about their organizational culture. According to the item analysis: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Most of the employees feel themselves involved in the organizational planning and other activities. Employees expressed that there is a characteristic management style and ethical code, however they face difficulties practicing it and reaching agreements. The adaptability aspect needs attention. Although things are done in a flexible way and improved ways are adopted, however it has been noticed that stakeholders' interests are often ignored and change meets with resistance. Employees have a clear sense of mission that fills their hearts with enthusiasm, but organization's clear future strategy and employees' shared vision about organization's future is missing to some extent. In addition, short-term thinking often preoccupies long-term vision. "t" test was applied to analyze hypotheses and "chi-square" test was applied to analyze items. Recommendations were made in chapter V of this thesisItem Styles of decision-making of federal government (Islamabad) principals as school manager(UMT, Lahore, 2003) Jawed Iqbal RajaThe primary purpose of the study was to determine the styles of decision making „r rctleral Oovcinmcnl Secondary Scliool hcadleaeliois of Islaniahail. Six ilypotileses were tormuiated ior the study. Aii the hypotheses were related to demographic variables i.e. sex, age, marital status, experienee. duty place and quahncation. Item by item analyses of the questionnaire focused on the twenty dimensions of the decision-making styles. The population of study consisted of 350 school headteachers of Islamabad. Random sampling was used. The total sample size consisted of 350 headteachers, therefore 30 headteachers were drawn as a sample. A qtieslionnairc ol 20 items was ti.sed as a re.scarcli instiuincnt. All the liypothe.ses were upheld except hypothesis No.2. It was concluded that generally, there is no difference among decision-making styles of Islamabad headteachers.Item An evaluation of MA ELT program at EMT(UMT, Lahore, 2003) M. Kashif JaleelIn the present study, M.A ELT program of UMT is evaluated in the light of the opinions of the participants. In chapter 1, the situation of English language teaching in Pakistan i^ presented in broader educational perspective. This discussion is followed by a review of related literature (chapter!), where it has been found that program evaluation by participants provides an insight to assess strengths and weaknesses of the program. The writer has explored CIPP model of evaluation. As for as methodology is concerned, the writer has used a blend of qualitative and quantitative method. A structured questionnaire is prepared containing two parts. The first part is in quantitative mode and the second is in qualitative mode. In the first half of the questionnaire students are asked to fill the questionnaire on a scale from 5 to land the second half is in qualitative mode. The students are given a few open-ended questions. The analysis of the quantitive data is analyzed in the light of statistical tests; t and chi-square and qualitative data is analyzed by using coding scheme