Browse
Recent Submissions
Item Government and the management of security challenges(UMT, Lahore, 2021) ABDUL RAFAYThis project has discussed Government and the management of security challenges Since Pakistan came into existence, there has been security challenges always for Pakistan but from 1970 to onwards till now we entered into new form of security challenges. And what role government played since 1970 to till today to stop the terrorism, and the steps like NAP and others which were taken by government are all discussed in this research. This thesis is based on primary data as well as secondary and this data is qualitative as it was collected with interviews After that the data was further concluded This analysis provide guidance to the people about what work the government did for security in order to fight the terrorism and how we can prevent it in future. After research we can conclude that how government worked to fight against terrorism and how they made national action plan NAP to fight against itItem The Impact of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) on the Socio-economic Dynamics of Gilgit Baltistan(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Syed Yasir AbbasGilgit-Baltistan is one of the lesser-known regions of the subcontinent. Recently, global interest in this region has been stirred because of its strategic importance, its natural resources, and the Belt-and-Road (BRI) initiative of China, which includes the building of a passage through Gilgit-Baltistan to the Gwadar Port in Pakistan. The passage will link the Chinese mainland to the warm waters of the Arabian Sea for facilitating Chinese trade interest. The road linking China with the Arabian Sea will be built under the CPEC project. However, this project is not resulting in any significant improvements, socio-economic development, and employment generation for the local community. Besides, the region is also attracting global attention due to increasing human rights violations, sectarian strife, economic deprivation, and environmental destruction. The Pakistani state, including its armed forces, has yet to devise a comprehensive strategy to deal with these issues. CPEC project is also viewed in the Gilgit Baltistan region in a negative perspective. Especially, if the Chinese security personnel is deployed in the region for securing the construction activity, that may have further geostrategic international complications. Such a situation may lead to internal resistance which may hamper the progress of work. The persistence of discontent in the region is likely to affect the multibillion-dollar CEPC project. This Research will attempt to explain the impact of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) on the Socio-economic Dynamics of Northern Areas of Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan) and it will also present a proposal to reshape the socio-economic dynamics of Gilgit Baltistan to provide the local population prospects for better living conditions.Item CHILD ABUSE AND ROLE OF PUNJAB GOVERNMENT A CASE STUDY OF LAHORE(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Sana Arshad ButtChild abuse is a universal issue but continues uplift in the cases from the same city (Lahore, a city of province Punjab) made me worried about it and forced me to research this social issue as it is a very notable subject that is important to raise the voice on it. Cultural and national boundaries result in child harm that is proscribed and preventable. The neglect of the government in the policy-making for this issue has led the world to regard the issue as a worldwide concern. This paper has conveyed the current situation in policy making, decision making and the lack of follow-through are each widespread problem. As part of Lahore authorization, the study’s assessment is subject to the judgment of the government's engagement in educating child protection (province of Punjab).Item Public Misperceptions about Climate Change Impact Public Policy in Pakistan(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Sadia TufailPakistan as a country is indicant for excessive vulnerability and diverse effect as witnessed in severe climate change related activities. Pakistan was initiated with the goal of becoming a climate change-resilient country, and the National Climate Change Resilient Policy outlines the specific areas where climate change action will be focused. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to our understanding of how public misperception about climate change manifests itself in Pakistani society, as well as to determine the extent to which policies implemented in that country may be addressing those misconceptions, among other things. However, the study of climate change is one of the more delicate aspects of modern science; however, the subject has been around for decades, and a substantial amount of scholarship has been accumulated as a result of deliberate intent and unwavering belief. The ability to recognise and understand the public's erroneous perceptions of risk is critical in raising awareness of climate change obstacle situations and promoting climate change awareness. Considering social and cultural constituents, such as ideals, attitudes, and agreement on climate change exchange policies, there are a plethora of opportunities for policy design, implementation, and public support generation. It must apply the experience and expertise of people from the field in climate change and chance communication, as well as to the broader fields of public and environmental studies, politics, urban planning, and media and cultural research, in order to be considered relevant.Item The Impact of Transgender Act 2018 on the Status of Transgender- An Assessment of the Law and Social Reality(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Rida QureshiA trajectory was set up by the turning and powerful decision of the Pakistan Supreme Court for the future of transgender community back in 2009. It is considered as a first step which have motivated the transgender community of the country to fight for their necessities and rights in the country where they are considered as nothing. In Pakistan transgender have faced a lot because they have been always marginalized since independence, the society have always discriminated, rejected them and the community have faced violence, stigmatization and a sense of loneliness which tells them they are alone in the society. Transgender community have never considered as individuals who are also humans like others and have needs this society has always considered them abnormal or threat to the community and this behavior is a year's practices which have make transgender thinks that this is their fate and they are not going to upgraded ever. The aim of this article is to explore and analyze the impact of transgender act 2018 on the status and condition of transgender community of Pakistan. It also put light on the actors who have played an important role in the bringing the change in the transgender status. The activism which was led by the community of transgender and the other important actors in the last decade have shown that there is a mountain of gains and achievements of transgender (which were legal). In the present structure of society by the state instead of being called out as outcastes the state is now considering them as a society's an important part like other human beings and many efforts are being made for their rights.Item MEDIA FREEDOM IN PAKISTAN, A CASE STUDY OF PEMRA REGULATION(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Anood Naseer MalikIn Pakistan, Media has developed rapidly because of liberalization strategies during Musharraf's period. Media has witnessed revolutionary changes in Pakistan from last 10 years. But unfortunately history of Pakistan is full of numerous unjustified rules and regulations forced on media at the name of getting “National Interest”. In Pakistan, freedom of expression and freedom of speech is the constitutional right of each and every citizen. Freedom in expressing opinion and thoughts are necessity for a flourishing democracy. But PEMRA is always became a barrier in a way of news, and entertainment. PEMRA has instructed by the government to reexamine a couple of strategy and policies related with the cross-media proprietorship, licensing, regulations and restrictions of new television channels. This research study conducted to explore the current status of freedom of media in country with the aim to identify different cases of banning and restrictions. Further, this research adopts a qualitative approach and studies the main issues and reasons behind banning and restrictions of PEMRA. This research paper conclude that freedom of speech and expression is assured to each and every individual but with certain restrictions that include glory of Islam, law and order, and national security.Item Voting Behavior of Pakistan Rural Population in 2018 Elections : A Study of Feudal Influence in Toba Tek Singh(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Saqlain ArifIn the case of Pakistan, electoral system process and behavior of casting the vote is remain a complex challenge for the population since a long decade of democratic history of the Pakistan. This research paper is emphasizing the voting behavior of Pakistan rural population in 2018 elections and specifically a case study of feudal influence in Toba Tek Singh locality is focused in the study. This study analyzing the Toba Tek Singh rural population vote caste with respect to its narrative highlighting the influence of land feudal over the rural population as similar on the democratic system of Pakistan. Meritocracy in the free and fair election system has derail by the rural population voting behavior due to the Barbarism influence which have dominant power over the village or whole locality of that particular place. The study highlighting the key facts leading to the issues behind the voting behavior of rural population. Focus of this research is entirely determined to explore afore-mentioned voting behavior scenario in Toba Tek Singh which influence by the feudal lord power. This research is explaining the insights perspective and scenario of voting behavior of rural population with prospects that enable the population of Pakistan to understand and analyze the entire situation of electoral system of Pakistan in the rural areas in order to providing the awareness and in-depth analysis for the rural vote casting system to approach right voting behavior for the population betterment and wellbeing.Item PEMRA AND MEDIA FREEDOM: A STUDY OF THE PEMRA AND FREEDOM OF MEDIA DURING 2010-2020(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Mujtaba KhanThis research paper discusses the role and the responsibilities of the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory & Authority (PEMRA) on media in Pakistan. It highlights the weaknesses and loopholes in PEMRA which prevent it from becoming an effective monitoring authority of digital and print media. This research paper reveals the details of problems occurring in society due to the media and also the constraints faced by the media in expressing the truth. The youth who want to work in the media face new technical, political, and ethical pressures. The research will attempt to bring out the truth as against myths regarding PEMRA and media freedom, the deception of media, and the limitations of PEMRA. The discussion uncovers the role of political parties and the vested interest groups using media power for their purposes during the recent decades. It reveals the significant influence of some sociopolitical factors and elitist power centers that possess the capacity to coerce and intimidate honest journalists, causing them psychological stress. The study discovers that the media profession is being misused and abused by the ruling elite for protecting, projecting, and perpetuating their self-interests despite the existence of PEMRA.Item EFFECT OF TERRORISM ON THE PAKISTAN ECONOMY(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Hafeez UllahTerrorism is one of the biggest challenging problems for Pakistan and in the recent years has made the threat of terrorism much worse for the country’s economy. Terrorism damages the economy by causing a slowdown in the economy's growth due to terrorist activities in the threatened region. The research paper is emphasizing on the terrorism effects by which the Pakistan’s economy is impacted, as the increasing influence of terrorism on the economic condition. Pakistan's economy has been disturbed by various challenges taking place due to the terrorism problem. The socio-economic structure of Pakistan has been seriously damaged by terrorist conflicts. Pakistan is basically affected by the ongoing war, which led to a rise in the severity of the conflict. With relevancy to this in-depth analysis, the results reveal that terrorism has badly impacted Pakistan's economy. At this point, the research paper is evaluating that the terrorist attacks have hindered Pakistan's economic progress, devastated its social structure, and negatively affected the country's economic growth. A considerable negative effect has been highlighted between terrorist actions and economic growth in Pakistan, resulting in an adverse impact on the economic status.Item SINGLE NATIONAL CURRICULUM IS EDUCATION A TOOL FOR ERASING DIVERSITY(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Muneer HussainEducational equity is requisite for a viable growth of the society. Single National Curriculum promises to end educational disparity by introducing one curriculum for all eliminating class based education system. For a diverse state introducing a specified version of education can prove to be loathsome with a concern for an identity crisis. This paper explores the pre-eminence of diversity and language and how a single curriculum is effacing or risking the diversity in long term. How Pakistan is testing out to maintain a hybrid between global and national policy by risking its regional stability. An educational apartheid that is beyond class difference and more about quality and uniformity of education that SNC shuns. Initially explaining the educational policies, diversity and historical antagonism and role of provinces in education. Further by using an explanatory research method the results were indeed in favor of introducing bi-lingual system to save nation from an identity crisis and policies designed to subsume social justice and acceptance towards the identity they already have.Item Impact of ethnic diversity on community development A case study of Tehsil Ahmadpur Sial, Punjab(UMT, Lahore, 2021) USAMA RASHID MEOThe caste, ethnic and sectarian-based diversities are very strong in rural areas of Punjab Pakistan. The Tehsil is divided into sectarian lines as well, other than the caste and Biradri based divide. Ahmadpur Sial and many other such areas with sharp social divisions have been left backward and underdeveloped and there is a need to understand the factors responsible for it. This study will try to understand the overall impact of caste, sectarian and ethnic diversity on the development, economic prosperity, and improvement in living standards of the community in Ahmadpur Sial in particular and rural areas of Punjab in general. A qualitative methodology was adopted to conduct the research. This methodology allows for bringing in the perspective of participants who are actors in the problem setting. The interview method was adopted. An open-ended interview template was prepared drawing constructs from the literature. The highlighted issues can only be solved through good governance and accountability. It is found that alongside ethnicity and sectarianism; the worst sewerage system, safe drinking water, corruption and the Patwari system are the major issues in Ahmadpur Sial. The distribution of resources and jobs is based on factionalism and favouritism. These results suggest that there is an urgency for an effective local government system to eliminate all kinds of violence and conflicts from the society that should be implemented in an actual way. Education is adverse to feudal dominance, corruption, poverty and discrimination in society. False ego, racial discrimination and pride that are major hindrances in way of collaboration with other groups are secondary things when it comes to a great purpose of collectivism.Item FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN PAKISTAN A STUDY OF THE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN PAKISTAN(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Natasha ShoaibGiven the fragile balance of payments situation and the inevitable increase in industrial production, the Asian country should pointedly increase the resources of foreign mobilization. However, semi-permanent endorsed aid will convert gradually, although encouraging giant selection investment is not a realistic strategy opportunity due to Pakistan's narrow and undeveloped capital marketplace. A substantial rise in industrial borrowing per unit area is also small. Therefore, it is imperative to prioritize overseas straight investment. Previous inflows of overseas straight investment to the Asian country were inadequate, counting for only 0.20 percentage of the total on the planet and lower than the total percentage of the Asian subtotal annually during the 1990s. The urban violence is the main obstacle included, territorial integrity, and uneven economic policies and forms of government. The therapeutic strategy of action is the basic unit of space. Another major obstacle is concentration of overseas straight investment in the capacity sector, which is a domestic market-oriented sector, resulting in huge exchange and remittance costs. This has serious implications for the stability of costs. Learning by the experience of the Asian countries are as follows: Developing countries should give temporary attention to attracting overseas straight investment in the overseas interchange earning sector, or at least in every income sector of the stock market and other sectors at the same time. Trilateral organizations, together with the Bank of Asian Development, should jointly take this into account in their operations in the isolated sector, primarily in build-own allocation, for the development of economic infrastructure in developing countries.Item CHILD ABUSE AND ROLE OF GOVERNANCE A CASE STUDY OF KASUR(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Iqra Binte FaisalChild abuse is a global issue but continues raise in the cases from the same city (Kasur, a city of province Punjab) made curious to do the research on this social issue as it is a very significant subject that tremendously ensures an important part in the growth of the nation. Cultural and national boundaries result in child harm that is proscribed, proximate, and preventable. The neglect of the government in the policy-making for this issue has led the world to regard the issue as a world-wide concern. Concerns over environmental damage, led by a number of national and international organizations, have risen to a critical level and are now calling for the adoption of urgent action. This report critically examines the state's policy on child protection in Pakistan, as set out in the country's constitution. This research paper highlights the failure of the Punjab government's child protection policy, while this paper is about government performance. This research will focus on issues the government faces in school child protection implementation. This paper has shown that current policy decision making and the lack of follow-through are each widespread problems. As part of KASUR mandate, the study's appraisal is subject to the evaluation of the government's intervention in educational child protection (province of Punjab). The purpose of interviews and questionnaires is to examine current government practices in regard to child protection to gain an understanding of the current situation of child protection and how the government is performing. Findings provide insight into government's assessment of school child protection policies. Without the requisite protection, parents are afraid to allow their children to go out into the community and interact with others. This study explores the concept of helping children by fostering improved protection for them.Item Anti-labor legislation and its impact on the efficiency of workers; case study of small industry in Changa Manga(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Taswwer RazzaqThe study explores the chronological development of labour laws in Pakistan during different military and democratic governments. Serious Occupational and health concerns are visible in the work environment. This resulted in the loss of several valuable lives. The low level in trade union organizations is mainly due to their thought and fear of union leaders. The report diplomacies to work with a serving of the common public as a watchdog for fundamental freedoms identified with Work and work environment. Constant awareness and monitoring of labor violations can help. The body for the struggle to support the rights protected in the Constitution, general legislation and universal obligations and guidelines. The representatives of small urban areas reliably noted violations of labor laws and their negative consequences in favor of state aid to workers. Our understanding of the industry is limited: it uses the most modern workforce, the level of restless tolerance, working conditions - not quite the lowest wages allowed by law, with almost zero safety from various types of abuse and openness to risk, without any components of change, inflexible institution and little to no interest in improving human resources and supporting the needs of older people. There is no main reason why a public authority should not take some or all of the proposed measures. Failure to do so may leave no response, except for those related to political and social activism, beyond the really necessary changes. This research paper try to look inside the small industries and evaluate the legislative obligations that have been followed, and it can be seen that government lack in providing a comprehensive and protective environment to the labor initiating a capitalist norm within the industrial system.Item Streamlining Water Charges (Abiana) Function in Punjab(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Muhammad Hassan RizwanDue to rapid increase in the population, high demand of water, system inefficiencies and low turnover of revenue (Water Charges/Abiana), the overburdened century old irrigation system lead to poor service delivery. In order to improve the system efficiency and streamlining Abiana recovery, a comprehensive Reforms Program in irrigation sector was introduced with the approval of Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority (PIDA) Act in 1997. Subsequently, PIDA at provincial level, 5 Area Water Boards (AWBs) at main canal command level and 402Farmers Organizations (FOs) at Distributary level were established and assigned them all functions of irrigation management including Abiana assessment, bills distribution, collection and deposition into bank account. The overall purpose of this research work is to study the matrix of Abiana function performance status in irrigation sector reforms process, Punjab. The results have highlighted that the Abiana performance of 4 AWBs-FOs during first tenure of 3 years was reasonably good with an effective recovery as about 80% but declined to 50% over time in almost all AWBs. FOs in D.G Khan performed poor as 33% recovery of Abiana due to its socio-economic settings. The accumulative Abiana recovery for total period of PIDA-FOs system was 61%. After completion of tenure of FOs LCC-East Faisalabad, prolonged Administrator’s department consequential period affected recovery system of PIDA reforms. FOs did not accept various amendments in legal frame work of FOs during their tenure. Consequently, in almost all the AWBs-FOs went in litigations and recovery substantially decreased. FOs were involved in misappropriation/embezzlement of Abiana money due to which PIDA reforms vision was paralyzed. The Government as a way out decided to induct Khal Panchayats system with advisory role under reforms model and the Abiana function reverted back to the department. At present, the Irrigation Department is responsible for preparation of Abiana assessment, bills delivery to Lumberdars for collection under land revenue procedure. In this system the Revenue Department is responsible for collection of Abiana. Most recently, a new mechanism of digital E-Abiana system is launched by irrigation department in four areas i.e. Sheikhupura, Kasur, Khanwa and Layyah which will be extended all over Punjab soon. Further new Rules with advanced approach are under process for streamlining irrigation management functions including Abiana recovery mechanism.Item The Nexus of Poverty and IMF SAPs in Pakistan(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Muhammad Fahad AzamThe Structural Adjustment Program is the top-line policy framework of International Financial Institutions like International Monetary Fund and World Bank to promote Trade Liberalization, Financial Deregulation and Privatization in Third World countries like Pakistan. These all terms belong to the Free Market Capitalism based on the Neoliberal agenda which revolves around cutting back of powers of State and the Government in any given Country and diminish it’s hold gradually on the private sector so that the Capitalists enjoy no interference whatsoever in the wealth creation and profit maximization and Government only take minimal tax according to certain percentage but not according to propionate of their income and also incentivize them in doing their business as it help economic progress of the country according to the development Utopia. This policy agenda largely contributes to the poverty, exploitation and unequal resource distribution among the established classes of the society. This regressive intervention made by Free Market Capitalism is hidden under the garb of beautifully constructed policies of Structural Adjustment Program that is directly responsible for the majority of World's economic violence and poverty but still it is dictated and promoted by IMF and World Bank as an alternate policy for economic development for Third World. The neoliberal agenda Aka Free Market Capitalism suits the stakes of the Multinational Companies (MNCs) which let them exploit the market of Third World Countries through trade liberalization by having these policies intact of Structural Adjustment Program that is being referred to post-imperialism.Item Insurgencies in Baluchistan: Implication for EducationSector A Way Forward(UMT, Lahore, 2021) ShahzaibTo commence with, the bulk of Baloch see the current state of education as a loss of the government's academic strategy in terms of kind, efficiency, availability, as well as tools and services. For instance, in Baluchistan, when it comes to employment, it has lagged behind in a variety of areas of state planning and policy. Baluchistan's educational system is plagued by a significant lack of materials, inadequate school administration, teacher and school shortcomings for both boys and girls, and lack of resources. Secondly, many Baloch people condemn Pakistan's unjust wants to undermine its culture, language, and extremist religious ideas on them. Likewise, official publications are utilized to promote the state's policy of misrepresenting the Baloch and its history, culture, and language. Baloch education, especially in state-run schools, is in short supply, is severely slanted against Baloch culture, history, and political hierarchy, due to the development of vengeful conduct among Baloch students. Baluchistan is a province in the Pakistani province of Baluchistan. Children are brainwashed with a foreign language, culture, and history as a result of their university education. According to numerous experts, limiting education hinders Baloch national objectives, contributing to bloodshed and escalating rebellion in Baluchistan.Item DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN PAKISTAN A CASE STUDY OF KARACHI FLOOD(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Amina LashariThe study aims to examine the process of institutionalizing disaster risk management in Pakistan. The original case was built on Pakistan's vulnerability to natural disasters, and represented a risk profile and flood support for Karachi. An attempt was made to study the historical development of institutional structure DRM. There is critical analysis of the new institutional framework. The study focused on the problems and gaps in the institutional structure. The method used in this descriptive study was research and analysis, using secondary sources. In August 2020, heavy rains created emergency in Karachi due to heavy rains. New areas were affected by the urban flooding including the Korangi, Karachi east, Karachi West and Malir. For allocation of budget based on urgent humanitarian needs, government-defined priorities and a rapid assessment of the DRM needs affected by monsoon floods. Disease outbreaks and natural disasters have been frequent, in recent decades with severe health and economic implications. Secondary sources include Pakistani disaster laws and policies, research literature and other stakeholder reports obtained from More than ten interviews with officials at the national and state levels were done as primary data, and nationwide periodicals and databases were examined. The Covid-19pandemic further complicated the situation in flood-hit Karachi. The study is a contribution to future institutional reforms at the national and regional levels to establish a proactive, efficient and effective institutional framework for disaster risk management in the country.Item PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN AN ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT RESPONSE TO COVID-19(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Aiman HassanMedical care, as a result of COVID-19, in Pakistan, received enhanced attention of the government. While public health in Pakistan has been by and large neglected over decades, the pandemic forced the government authorities to deal with the emergency with unprecedented focus. Protection and immunization efforts were increased with assistance from the World Bank, China, and WHO. Pakistan had to grapple with its limited testing facilities and inadequate hospital-bed availability. Therefore, the vast majority of the population could not be tested or treated for COVID 19 as the infection spread. Selective use of smart lockdown, vaccination drive, and administrative measures are centered on the areas in which infected groups can be distinguished. Large parts of rural areas remain by and large outside the government health care efforts. Health experts argue that the government has a duty to act prevent the spread further and to provide medical services to the people. In February 2020, a full-blown pandemic of the C0VID-19 strain broke out in Pakistan, causing widespread death and illness. This paper describes the administrative and institutional response of the Pakistan government to COVID-19.Item STREET LEVEL BUREAUCRACY A STUDY OF DOLPHIN FORCE IN LAHORE(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Abubaker IsmailIn case of Pakistan, risk of social securities or protection to individual free lives in a society due to high crime rate and other relate unethical or negative activities is on the rise and this can be linked to the population boom in the country over the present era. Thus, in order to meet the rise in crime percentage, a fresh and updated form of innovation is required. The security of a free life is essential for a stable and strong nation. In Punjab Pakistan, the crime rate is intentionally underreported due to the conflicting ideas. The intention of this study is about to analyze Punjab's Governemnt policy for security of Lahore residents under the Punjab Safe Cities Authority (PSCA). The results obtained from the structured questionnaires sent to officials of Lahore Development Authority (LDA) as well as structured and unstructured interviews with gated and non-gated communities shed light on the relevant gaps and needs for amendments in PSCA, which are of primary importance in the development of safe cities in Punjab. The research aims to identify current problems and difficulties the PSCA is facing while implementing a resident security policy. This paper has shown that current policy decision making and the lack of follow-through are each widespread problems. The analysis of the study comes close to executing the policy mandate for evaluating the results of the PSCA activities in the city of Lahore. Interviews are employed to study the current security practices of PSCA to investigate their efficiency and security situation. The assessment is explained by the research, which states that planning layouts for residential communities help reduce crime in the city. When it comes to education, the Dolphin Police in Lahore Punjab is missing practices that fit the requirement and demand for providing access to quality and safe life for each individual. This study looks into new ways to assist citizens when it comes to security.