Thesis

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1 ASTROTOURISM: A COSMIC WALK OPPORTUNITY PLANETARIUM, SPACE MUSEUM AND RESEARCH CENTER
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) FARHAN AHMED
This thesis explores the design of a Planetarium and Space Museum in Lahore—a space where science meets imagination. Located on Raiwind Road next to Riphah University, the project aims to spark curiosity about space through interactive exhibits, a digital dome, and educational spaces. Inspired by global examples like the Shanghai Planetarium and AHHAA Science Centre, the design blends modern architecture with local context. It’s a place for learning, wonder, and connection where people of all ages can explore the universe from right here in Pakistan. By combining contemporary design with sustainable and passive environmental strategies, the project not only addresses the functional and symbolic needs of a space museum but also positions itself as a public interface for science communication in Pakistan. The thesis explores how architecture can become a vessel for curiosity, wonder, and education— connecting the earth to the cosmos.
18th Amendment
(UMT.lahore, 2022-12-19)
Pakistan travels the long journey for attainment the position of successful democratic country many steps were taken and many amendments were made to achieve the desired goal. The researcher examined the faults and barriers in the democratization process in this research. It highlights the different aspects of weak democratization, like free and fair elections, participation of people in this process, and the role of education and the rule of law in the country in the contest of the 18th amendment. Moreover, political parties are also discussed in detail as the main character of democratization, as how they benefit from amendment and the reason behind weak democracy in the country, the invalid democratization between political parties, and the lack of democratic culture between them. To acquire data, qualitative research methodology was used, including interviews with political leaders of two major political parties and members of civil society, content analysis of secondary material within the democratization theoretical framework; this research uses reports where democratization and solid political parties play their role in achieving democratization in the country.
2nd Life
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Akasha Bashir, Amna Malik, Maryam Sheraz and Ahsan Javed
Globally people are suffering from Drug diseases. There are two ways to cure drug diseases i.e. Medication and Therapies. Only medication is not enough to cure drug patients. Therefore, patients need therapies along with regular treatment. These therapies require at least 6 to 10 contact hours per day with patient on regular basis, which needs a lot of time and human resources involvement. Giving dedicated time with full attention to a patient for the sake of their improvement is the biggest challenge for clinical therapist as well as patient’s relatives. Therefore, it is very important to design a new method for therapies. This work is designed to help therapist as well as relatives of such patients. This system can help conducting therapies in focused environment and generate regular assessment reports. This system can remarkably improve the rehabilitation process of psychiatry patients and assist psychologists and patient relatives in performing this challenging task. The main advantage of this platform is that the patient can access it anywhere anytime as it’s a online platform which would give certain benefits.
4 feet wingspan replica of Wright Brothers First Flight
(UMT, Lahore, 2022) Saad Ashfaq; Kinza Khan; Mahnoor Raza; Aqsa Sanaullah; Kashif shehzad
The replica of Wright Brother’s First Flyer of 17th December, 1903 has been assembled for the knowledge of upcoming and future students and also for the awareness of general public. It is difficult for the majority to visit Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, USA and Smithsonian aviation museum at DC Washington, USA and witness such historical and valuable artifacts. This miniature replica will prove itself a permanent asset for IAS, UMT for the faculty to demonstrate on it whenever and wherever it is required to them during imparting knowledge to their concerned students. The dimensions and data of actual first flyer has been collected from the up-to-date blueprints design. Mild steel has been used for the manufacturing of replica
5 and 4 Star Hotel Occupancy by Airline Crew in Lahore
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Hassan Nasir ,M. Talha Bilal and Hamza Alam Virk
A Bidirectional Long Short Memory Network for Roman Urdu Using Novel Dataset
(UMT, Lahore, 2022) Muhammad Awais
The introduction of the internet made possible the quick and easy dissemination of information about a wide variety of topics, including products, administrations, events, and political hypotheses, among others. Although there has been a rapid increase in the number of research undertaken on sentiment analysis, the majority of these studies have focused on issues associated with the English dialect. It is more challenging to do sentiment analysis in Roman Urdu than it is in English for a number of different reasons. Due to Roman Urdu's lack of distinct lexical resources, there is a possibility that information might get mixed. The primary purpose of this study is to build a large dataset for doing sentiment analysis in Roman Urdu, and a secondary objective is to evaluate several approaches to implementing such analysis by making use of machine learning and deep learning models. The approaches for analysing Roman and Urdu sentiments that are highlighted in this research are the ones that are used most often and extensively. The findings of this research will enhance the resource that is Roman Urdu as well as the methods that are used in sentiment analysis. For the sake of study on Roman Urdu, a dataset is generated. In order to achieve the highest possible levels of accuracy and performance, a combination of machine learning and deep learning algorithms is used. Our proposed approach achieves an accuracy of 83% in machine learning and 70% in deep learning, respectively, on the test data
A BIOPHILIC HAVEN WHERE KNOWLEDGE AND NATURE UNITE THE LIVING LIBRARY
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Muhammad Farzam Aziz
The topic I have decided is Biophilic design, it is not really an entirely new concept in the world of architecture and interior design. But its application is now on at top of its existence for very first time. It involves implementation of natural elements to improve the work flow, life style and productivity of human's day to day life. If we talk about its function and implementation in library we can easily see it working and having a very positive impact on the lives of users and public in general. It will create a balance between a working life and beauty & relaxing of a natural environment. In this abstract, we will explore the concept of blending a library's architecture with nature to create a whole different experience of learning and leisure. "Biophilic design is the idea that human possess an innate connection to nature". Main elements of Biophilic designs are Air, Organic elements, Natural light, soft lights, neutral tones and vegetation. Such environment will offer not just learning and studying but it will inspire people to new experiences and ideas. The interior is very accurately designed to bring communities together through space planning, ambiance and material selections. The idea is to have a free-flowing interior, huge spaces, huge walkways. Big windows are given in order to reduce the use of artificial light which is sustainable too. Cross ventilation and cooling systems ensure that air circulates properly giving an experience of being outdoors, green plants and vegetation inside helps enhancing the air quality. Talking about materials, it’s very clear that any interior theme has its specific kind of material. When talking about Biophilic theme we will have naturally existing materials like Wood, stone and clay, they are to evoke warmth. These materials are not just for functional and environmental purpose but rather for their soothing experiences. Other things like Earthy tones and organic furniture, texture and shapes enhance the experience inside the library even more, giving it a natural and aesthetically pleasing look and design. The library's layout is designed to help a variety of user needs. I have implemented quite areas for reading and study, they are positioned near windows to give out a look of outside landscape that will make the experience of reading even better, this also helps user in concentrating on whatever the work he is doing. There are communal spaces also like Community Lounge, Conference Rooms and even Atrium designed at the heart of layout to facilitate collaboration. Sustainability is one of huge requirements in today's design so I have implemented that too, since my whole idea is based on organic interior. The materials, the furniture everything is environment friendly. The wood is not just sustainable but it will help in noise cancellation too. More use of natural light than artificial lights will save cost and help environment too. In summary, the whole concept offers a transformative and sustainable experience. By adding sustainable and natural materials, library also becomes a place of emotional and intellectual well-being of human beings in addition to being a place of learning.
A BLOCKCHAIN BASED FRAMEWORK FOR POTATO SEED TRACEABILITY IN AGRICULTURE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
(UMT, Lahore, 2023) FATIMA NAWAZ
A Blockchain-based Framework for Distributed Agile Software Development
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Zareen Kalim
Distributed Agile Software Development (DASD) has been widely adopted by the offshore software companies which completely rely on trust, transparency, security, traceability, effective communication, and coordination. However, failing to sustain all these characteristics can lead to project overdue or failure, payment clashes between customers and developers, project deal cancellations and customer dissatisfaction. Most of the current available frameworks and tools solve the communication issue but they do not use blockchain technology in order to overcome other major issues which include trust, traceability, security, and transparency. In this paper, we have proposed a blockchain-based framework named as AgilePlus which integrates a private ethereum blockchain to solve all these challenges by executing smart contracts. These smart contracts execute in testing layer for acceptance testing to verify whether all the terms and conditions set by customers have been achieved. Smart contracts also execute in payment layer to verify the payment requirements of developers and automatically distribute payments between them. AgilePlus also assign penalties to the customers for late or non-payments while developers receive a penalty for each overdue task. Moreover, we have solved the blockchain’s scalability issue by using Interplanetary File System (IPFS) as a secondary off-chain storage which results in the fast performance of AgilePlus transactions. Finally, the experimental evaluation proves that AgilePlus successfully overcomes the issues of transparency, communication, coordination, traceability, security and solves the trust issues between customers and developers in DASD.
A Blockchain-Based Framework for Distributed Agile Software Testing Life Cycle
(UMT, Lahore, 2024) Fatima Ahmed
A blockchain-based architecture optimizes the distributed agile software testing life cycle. Previously used communication and collaboration methods in software testing lacked trust, traceability, and security. Developers' failure to complete unit testing resulted in delayed testing, a major cause of project failure. This study explores how using blockchain technology in software testing addresses concerns about coordination, communication. trust and transparency. I suggested Testing Plus, a blockchain-based architecture. The Testing Plus framework uses blockchain to establish a transparent and secure platform for verification of payments and acceptance testing. Moreover, incomplete unit testing by developers contributed significantly to the project's failure by delaying testing. This paper discusses the blockchain technology integrating in software testing and addresses important issues with collaboration, interaction, transparency, and trust. We proposed Testing Plus, a blockchain-based platform. The Testing Plus offers a transparent and safe environment for acceptance testing and verification of payments by utilising blockchain technology. A private Ethereum blockchain network is used by TestingPlus. Private blockchain networks provide greater control and privacy compared to public ones. Implementing private Ethereum blockchain smart contracts, Testing Plus will verify that the development and the testing crew are both aim towards the same objective and receiving just compensation for their services
A BLOCKCHAIN-BASED FRAMEWORK FOR DISTRIBUTED DEVOPS
(UMT, Lahore, 2023) USMAN ALI
Distributed DevOps is a software development methodology that aims to integrate the work of development and operations teams without being bound by geographical constraints. This methodology excels in enhancing collaboration and the speed of software development. However, it does suffer from a lack of security, transparency, and traceability, which can result in project delays, a lack of trust between stakeholders, and even project failure. This paper addresses these issues of Distributed DevOps by implementing blockchain technology. In this paper, we propose a framework that utilizes the benefits of blockchain technology to eliminate the shortcomings of Distributed DevOps. We present performance results that show the effectiveness of our framework in a real-world scenario, highlighting its ability to improve transparency, traceability, and the security of the DevOps pipeline. In conclusion, our research contributes to the growing literature on the intersection of blockchain and DevOps. It provides a practical framework for organizations looking to leverage blockchain technology to improve their development processes.
A CASE STUDY OF COLONIAL LEGACY AND PRACTISES OF POLICE IN KARACHI
(UMT.Lahore, 2023) Sher Muhammad
Karachi with over 18.6 million population has been in constant state of political, administrative, and social instability (Dawn, 2021). Living in Karachi has become a nightmare with its high crime rate (crime analysis, 2018). The organisation of police plays a vital role in maintaining peace and security. However, the Police in Karachi is mired in the allegations of ineptness, corruption, and political patronage (Waseem, 2021).
A CASE STUDY ON FLOODS AND ITS IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK AND INFRASTRUCTURE IN BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN
(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Sarbuland Khan
Examining the impact of floods on agriculture, livestock and infrastructure have often been recommended as an international research paradigm. This study is grounded in the Pakistani rural region to evaluate the impact of floods on agriculture, livestock and infrastructure. Floods are a worldwide issue. Based on the previous research studies, this study hypothesized that floods cast a positive impact on agriculture, livestock and infrastructure. By using the sample of 381 households, data was gathered using a cross-sectional method. The responses were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social sciences (SPSS). The SPSS was used for descriptive analysis. The findings of the study unveil that the floods had a significant impact on agriculture, livestock and infrastructure. As the result shows that floods are the key determinant that impact on agriculture, livestock and infrastructure, hence it is recommended to the policy makers to develop appropriate strategies and make dams to save water and improve the canal system in Pakistan that focused on the development of the nation.
A CASE STUDY ON ROLE OF NGO’S IN EMPOWERING THE WOMENS IN HUNZA GILGIT BALTISTAN
(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Yousuf Ali
This research is conducted on the topic of role of NGO, S in empowering the women a case study of Hunza Gilgit Baltistan. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between women empowerment and women entrepreneurship, vocational training and rural supports programs which increase the women empowerment in any society by giving them appropriate resources and trainings as per need of time The statements of problem is to point out or highlights the contribution of NGO’S in empowering or enhancing the women empowerment in Hunza. Before the intervention of NGO’S there were very low ratio of women empowerment and women were stick to kitchen only and were not even allowed to participate in any economic activity due to cultural and norms of society and due to male dominancy the major jobs used to perform by male NGO’s in the area are much more concern about the participation of female in economy. In result of conducting a survey three major organization seem to be much more concern toward the content, which are AKRSP, CIQAM and KADO. These non-governmental institutions initiated and processing various projects to empower the leading skills of women in particular area. research data were collected through cross sectional method and the sample consisted is 381. the data were interpreted using SPSS. the findings of this study shows that there is a significant relation between women empowerment and entrepreneurship, women entrepreneurship and vocational training and rural support programs
A CIPHER PROPOSAL BASED ON A NOVEL TRIGONOMETRIC CHAOTIC MAP
(UMT, Lahore, 2023) UMER NAWAZ
In the ever-evolving digital era, the sharing of information has become commonplace across numerous platforms and channels. However, this widespread exchange also exposes data to potential vulnerabilities and threats. To counteract such risks, the implementation of a cipher algorithm becomes imperative. Modern ciphers utilize substitution boxes to introduce chaos and fortify data security. In this study, a unique substitution box is constructed utilizing trigonometric functions. To assess the effectiveness of the substitution box, its properties are thoroughly evaluated. Additionally, a novel block cipher is introduced, utilizing the substitution box to encrypt 128 bits of data. The cipher consists of 16 encryption rounds and necessitates a 128-bit key for executing multiple operations. Each round involves the generation of a distinct key for encryption purposes. Comprising four primary functions and a pre-function, the cipher incorporates the designed substitution box to offer substantial complexity, thus ensuring a high level of encryption standard through its chaotic behavior. To validate the efficiency of the proposed cipher, the constructed substitution box undergoes meticulous evaluation using various metrics, while the cipher itself is extensively tested. The obtained results unequivocally demonstrate that the proposed cipher outperforms traditional ciphers, significantly enhancing data security. Furthermore, the proposed cipher exhibits scalability and can be tailored to specific requirements, thereby offering versatility in its application.
A Class of Generalized Estimators of Population Mean Under Ranked Set Sampling Schemes
(UMT, Lahore, 2022) Asad Ali
An efficient estimate of the population mean plays an important role in the field of sample surveys, especially when population is heterogenous. The main focus of this dissertation is to enhance efficiency of mean estimators for the heterogenous populations. In Chapter 1, a comprehensive discussion about the Simple Random Sampling (SRS), Stratified Random Sampling (StRS), Ranked Set Sampling (RSS), Stratified Ranked Set Sampling (StRSS),Extreme Ranked Set Sampling (ERSS), Paired Ranked Set sampling (PRSS), Median Ranked Set Sampling (MRSS), Double Ranked Set Sampling (DRSS), Stratified Extreme Ranked Set Sampling (StERSS), Stratified Median Ranked Set Sampling (StMRSS), Stratified Double Ranked Set Sampling (StDRSS), Paired Double Ranked Set Sampling (PDRSS), Stratified Paired Double Ranked Set Sampling (StPDRSS), Extreme-cum-Median Ranked Set Sampling (EMRSS) has been given. In Chapter 2, the literature on ranking schemes of RSS and estimators with one or two auxiliary variables have been discussed theoretically. Research gap and objectives of this dissertation have also been identified in this chapter. In Chapter 3, notations, symbols and different mathematical relations have been given. Mathematical forms of existing estimators have also been discussed in this chapter.
A Clustering Method for Portfolio Optimization The Case of Pakistan Stock Exchange
(UMT.Lahore, 2020) Rafia Ghulam Ali
Extantevidence shows that clustering analysis can improve portfolio selection and performance. This study aims to improve portfolio performance using K-means clustering technique in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). For this purpose, using daily return for the period of January 2010 to December 2018, the study develops three stock clusters based on Firm Size, Return on Equity and Return on Assets. The findings reveal that the clustering technique out performs naïve portfolio strategies in traditional Markowitz mean-variance framework.
A COGNITIVE FRAMEWORK FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF LEARNING ANALYTICS EFFICIENCY IN INTRODUCTORY PROGRAMMING COURSES
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Uzma Omer
Learning analytics (LA) has become a popular discipline among educationists and researchers as it has a potential to reveal new facets of teaching and learning that could be utilized to improve the efficiencies of related learning environments. Introductory programming courses (IPCs) hold special significance as these courses lay down the foundation for subsequent higher level courses in computer science and associated disciplines. The LA studies in IPCs are mostly anecdotal as less or no attention is given to examine learning at various cognitive levels. This research is designed to find improvements in learning analytics in IPCs by evaluating the cognitive aspects of students’ learning. It aims to explore more granular technique of LA that could lead to enhance the efficiency of LA in IPCs. The objectives of this work are addressed by proposing a framework for cognitive learning analytics in IPCs which serves as a platform that provides structure to the concept data using the technique of concept mapping and examines proliferation of cognitive learning on related concepts using assessment data. The framework is evaluated by predicting performance of learners on a number of IPC concepts through the metrics established from cognitive maps of learners, acquired by deploying the related layers of framework. It was identified that performance predictions through proposed metrics helped in improving efficiency of learning analytics performed in existing work. The research is concluded by presenting prediction accuracies acquired while evaluating the framework which are comparable to the related studies where the proposed technique showed better accuracies as compared to most of the related work. This work contributes by proposing a framework of cognitive learning analytics in introductory programming courses and presenting metrics to measure the cognitive performances which predict the learning performances with improved accuracies.
A COMMUNICATION EFFICIENT FEDERATED LEARNING FOR VANETS A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
(UMT, Lahore, 2023) SAMREEN ANWAR
The functions of steering, braking, and acceleration that are typically carried out by human drivers are all included in the design of autonomous cars. They are able to identify pedestrians, traffic signs, road markings, and other cars by analyzing and interpreting their surroundings. Autonomous cars are able to make decisions in real-time to safely navigate through different traffic circumstances and arrive at their destinations through the use of artificial intelligence and advanced algorithms. Federated learning (FL) empowered machine learning (ML), particularly in cases where data is coming in distributed manner while preserving data privacy. Existing federated learning typically uses a network topology centered on a central server. Centralized ML may not be appropriate in certain cases such as, highly mobile scenarios, dense sensor locality and when there is big data coming from heterogeneous devices.
A COMMUNITY RECREATION AND EXPERIENCE CENTER A MULTISENSORY URBAN OASIS
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) AMNA KHALID
Social spaces contribute so much towards the unity of the communities, interaction within the society, as well as physical and mental wellbeing through physical activities. The present thesis proposes a sole design proposal with an aim of Recreational Hub of Community Interaction in the premises of Kanaan Park, Sahiwal, Punjab Pakistan. This proposal is regarding usage of a non utilize park to a vibrant and encompassing park which shall be focused towards the needs in recreation of the surrounding society in Sahiwal. But Kanaan Park is located in one of the core portion of Sahiwal city which can be easily approached by people and also the smaller villages along Sahiwal also could be reached. It has been ignored over the years without facilities and proper infrastructure. This Thesis is devoted to the renewal of the park by the means of sustainable design strategies.The given Design is separated into the various primary areas. It will comprise Sports and Fitness Zone and has space both inside and out to do different sports activities. The Community Zone which is going to offer areas of collection and meeting rooms where the community can interact. There will be recreational zone with playgrounds, picnic areas and rest places. Finally, there will be the Cultural Zone which will present the heritage of Pakistan in the form of various art galleries and performance stages. These four neighborhoods shall be united through routes and green places, which will facilitate interactions with the community.Building design depends on the important aspect of sustainability. To achieve the environmental impact, the v plan will incorporate sources of renewable energy, which include solar panels, rainwater harvesting systems, green roofing, and energy-efficient technologies to increase the sustainability in recreational hub. The project will also serve the various design principles, where everyone will have accessibility, all classes of people will be served including the people with disabilities and handicaps. One can attribute features to ensure that it is convenient to all. The thesis also concentrates on the need of having the community in the planning and make it functional as is required. Possible exploration in the future is the growth of the hub, as well as incorporation of additional community-oriented programs.This Thesis Projects is a composition of sustainable design, innovation and a community engaged approach to lay a framework of outlining recreational space developing in low developed regions. The overall idea is to influence the development of similar projects in other parts of Pakistan and transform various urban areas into thriving places encouraging engagement and the feeling of belonging among members of the community.

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