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3-phase protection scheme
(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Areebah Rana; Hafiz liquat; Kashif raza
Engineering is not only a theoretical study but also the implementation of all that knowledge for creating new and making things more easy and useful for humans.Now a day a very common issue created by Wapda is not only the load-shedding but also the over-load and under-load voltage issues that harms the house hold electronics badly that made us think to make a protection scheme that protects the house hold goods from damaging .As its purpose is to protect any of house hold etectronic to get into an overload or under load conditions. By disconnecting the supply voltage through a relay and this is how we can save our etectronic machiens by getting replaced.
3D Modeling of parabolic concentrator
(UMT.Lahore, 2019) Samter Ahmad
Due to the increased need for energy and the energy crisis which the world is facing the renewable energy istaking place to full fill the need for energy with an alternative that is feasible and less contaminating and canhelp in minimizing the pollution which is caused by those sources of energy production which are notrenewable. This thesis is aiming to present a solar energy collection system that is full-spectrum and aimingto deliver variable electricity and heat according to demand. To focus on solar radiations, we are aiming toutilize a photovoltaic PV system that is concentrated. A CPV (Concentrated Photovoltaic) segment andvigorous aquatic cooling system have been industrialized which is meant to test the performance of the PVmodule while considering different parameters which include operating temperature, power output, andefficiency. The research is aiming to offer an auspicious scheme which is for illumination and controlling ofhightemperatureofaconservatoryschemeandtherooftopsofthebuilding.Itisanovelkindofconservatory which has lined Fresnel lenses within the shelter which is executing the role of a focusedphotovoltaic system. For the simulation, we have utilized COMSOL software. The system is trying to offerboth electricity and heat and this will provide enough energy requiredfor the heating of the isolatedgreenhouse. To increase the efficiency of the hybrid concentrated thermal photovoltaic parabolic trough isutilized. PV solar panels are installed which will convert electric energy into solar energy. The proposedtechnique is extremely useful as it results in improvement of the efficiency and reduces the cost of the PVmodule,easy to install, and has alow maintenancecost. Keywords:PV,Improved IC(IntegratedCircuit),Hybridphotovoltaicsystem,Fresnellenses.
42v switch mode-based charger for advanced vehicle
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Saad Abdul Basit; Syed Irfan Hayder; Muhammad Zuhair Ammar; Muhammad Naeem Waris
As the demand in electrical loads increases in today’s advanced vehicles, there is a need to replace current 14V system to a new voltage system because the current system is not enough to meet the load requirement. To resolve this problem, an efficient and cost effective switch mode based 42V battery charging system using flyback topology is designed. TL494 PWM controller is used to design gate drive circuitry. Design is first simulated on NI Multisim software. Then, it is tested practically by connecting three 12V/ 4Ah batteries in series. Final converter circuit is successfully charging the batteries as desired. Keywords: battery charger, low cost, new voltage system for advanced vehicles, flyback, SMPS, TL494
A hybrid mppt technique for solar photovoltaic system under partial shading
(UMT.Lahore, 2019) Tayyab Raees
For energy production, renewable sources are prevailing than non-renewable sources because of their non-polluting and less contaminating characters. Solar energy is emerging as a greater source of electricity production. By using PV solar panels, solar energy is being converted into electrical energy. However, to examine the maximum power point and to overcome the limitations of environmental change is the major problem in this photolytic system. The purpose of this research is to resolve the limitations of different techniques with high convergence rate, low complexity, and fewer fluctuations as compared to other techniques. There are two different techniques, one is incremental conductance (direct tracking technique) and second is fractional open-circuit voltage (indirect tracking technique). This research provides the hybrid technique of FOCV and IC, which works in partial shading, uniform, and the static environment as well to maximize the power output. The proposed technique is extremely useful as it results in improvement of the efficiency and reduces the cost of the PV module, easy to install, and has a low maintenance cost. The whole algorithm has been implemented via two steps. In the first step, fractional open circuit voltage divides the whole power voltage curve into many sections and then estimates the section in which the global maximum point is possible to achieve. In the second step, incremental conductance run and find out the exact peak. The efficiency of this module is checked by comparing its results with other MPPT methods by using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Comparison has clearly shown that Improve Incremental conductance is more efficient and suitable in different shading conditions. Keywords; FOCV, Improved IC, Hybrid MPPT model.
A military spy robot
(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Muhammad Haseeb; Sultan M.Salah Ud Din; Muhammad Bilal Shafiq; Ibtesam Ellahi
A spy robot is a robot which is used to gather the required information. Spy robot that is designed in this project is able to move on any kind of surface. The chassis used very is powerful. It can run smoothly and unhindered on rough paths. The front part of the chassis can stand freely, according to the angle of the car ramp to adjust the overall balance of the chassis. It is flexible. The robot can also avoid the obstacles. If an obstacle will come in-front of the robot while driving then the ultrasonic sensor will indicate that there is something ahead. Solar cells are used in this project. Solar Panel is basically a panel that absorbs the sun rays as source of energy for producing an amount of electricity. Solar cells are placed on the plastic enclosure and a servo is attached with round wooden block, it will help in opening and closing of the wings. In this way battery will be charged with the help of sunlight. Battery can also be charged with the charger. So, we can say that this robot is hybrid. The camera used in this project will give the output in HD. The camera will move in 8D with the help of servo motors. The robotic arm holds the camera. Four servo motors are installed in the arm so they can rotate it in any direction. PIR sensor is also used to detect the motion of human moves in or out of the sensor range. Bluetooth is used for short range operation while HC-12 is used for long range operation of the robot. Video recorded by the camera will be received on the LCD with the help of RF transmitter and receiver. An android app is designed to control the robot using mobile phone serial communication. Arduino serial monitoring is used for long range operation.
A new proposed eight bit hybrid mash-efm multi-order sigma delta modulator for audio dac
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Khalid Ijaz
Digital-to-Analog (DAC) Converters manifest a very imperative role in many applications where data is interfaced with real analog world. The occurrence of some problems like jitter, quantization errors, integral nonlinearity and conversion time reduces the performance of DAC. One of the most efficacious ways to combat these problems is the use of Sigma Delta Modulation (SDM) in DAC. This work emphasizes on the designing of Multi-order SDM to achieve high resolution DAC consuming low power and high SNR. The increase of oversampling ratio (OSR) requires the high speed DAC, overloads the quantizer, eventually reduces the DAC speed and increases the power consumption. Similarly, the complexity of the transistor circuitry in VLSI technology implementation increases as the order of SDM increases. Hybrid MASH-EFM architecture is used to overwhelm the above two conditions. MATLAB simulation will be used for comparison of different Multi-order SDM architectures to study the effect on DAC performance. Different performance parameters are recorded at different OSR’s of different architectures (MASH, EFM and Hybrid MASH-EFM).1st order Hybrid MASH-EFM SDM achieves high SNR equal to 131.7 db and ENOB of 16 bits at OSR of 5. These results reveal that the proposed architecture (Hybrid MASH-EFM) is superior to two existing architectures.
A novel algorithm for opaque-array concentrator photovoltaic (oa-cpv) to reduce mismatch losses
(UMT.Lahore, 2021) Naveed Aftab Khan
The renewable energy sources are taking a great part along with the conventional sources for the production of increased power. Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) is showing great signs in terms of energy conversation to produce electricity. Because of highly concentrated non-uniform emissions, the opaque array photovoltaic concentrators experiences exceptional mismatch losses. Mismatch losses can also be minimize by, a proposed new hybrid strategy. The contrast of 4 traditional approaches with suggested algorithm’s output performance will be achieve through two-stage simulation procedure.
Advance wireless power transfer system
(UMT Lahore, 2022-05) Sadaqat Ali; Shoaib Zafar
The transfer of power energy from source to load for a distance without any conducting wire or cables is called Wireless Power Transmission. The concept of wireless power transfer was realized by Nikola Tesla. Wireless power transfer can make a remarkable change in the field of electrical engineering which eliminates the use of conventional copper cables and current carrying wires. Day by day new technologies are making our life simpler. Wireless charging through resonance could be one of the next technologies that bring the future nearer. In this project it has been shown that it is possible to charge low power devices wirelessly via inductive coupling. It minimizes the complexity that arises from the use of conventional wire systems. In addition, the project also opens up new possibilities of wireless systems in our other daily life uses. The transfer of power, the primary thought of sending power without utilizing wires. It is exceptionally important to compose that the electrical wire network has reached each side of the world, so these days the remote exchange framework is a vital framework. The fundamental reason for this review is to examine an ideal remote power move conspire with greatest transmission productivity. Another point is to discover the boundaries which influence the power move and how to expand proficiency. Wireless transfer the power over a distance of 50cm with 85% proficiency. Each individual required a strategy which moves the power with high productivity. So the Wireless exchange framework is the most ideal choice which satisfies our prerequisites. The remote exchange framework is utilized without the wires and rises the effectiveness by decreasing power misfortunes. Along these lines, the methodologies, the wellspring of separating, the moving the size, distance, value, viability, and wellbeing are the fundamental premise. Likewise, we examine the new innovations on the remote exchange framework. The fundamental reason for this review is to examine an ideal remote power move conspire with greatest transmission productivity. Another point is to discover the boundaries which influence the power move and how to expand proficiency.
Advanced driver assistance system using NVIDIA JETSON NANO
(UMT Lahore, 2022-06) Amna Noor Ul Huda; Ahsan Fiaz; Ahsan Islam
An advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) collects environmental data from a vehicle’s surroundings by using sensors. In the case of any hazardous situation detected by scanning roads, early warnings are generated to the system to make driving safe and prevent the uncertain situation. It helps the driver maintain a safe distance from their neighboring vehicles to keep the car in an appropriate position. In this project, we proposed the implementation of three functions of ADAS: Lane detection, traffic sign recognition, and forward-collision warning using Nvidia Jetson Nano. It provides assistance to assist in different operations, i.e., ADAS monitor calculation; footage of all the recording and all the features present in one unit, secondary camera for a driver facing, Hub for powering it up, GPS Antenna for speed data or location of the data. The LCD will show the hurdles in front of the vehicle and generate warnings for both the display on the screen. With a great divergence in the area of ADAS, if we move towards machine learning for ADAS, then there we might face some complexity, but machine learning is used to precise the output after compiling the data on run time or memory-based data. Nvidia Jetson Nano is a mini-computer that is powerful enough to allow you to perform multiple tasks like image classification, segmentation, and speech processing simultaneously.
Advanced real time automation using system software control
(UMT.Lahore, 2018) Muhammad Taimoor Hassan; Muhammad Umar Qayyum; Zain Ul Abideen; Ahsan Ahmad Ajaz
A sensor based operating system that automates appliances according to the physical environment. This project provides insight to what can be achieved through the use of simple sensors operating simultaneously. This technique can be used to save energy and provided convenience for the daily use of appliances. The use of this particular form of automation is practical, advanced and convenient. It provides easy remote access to the operation of appliances which is a technologically advanced form of using electrical engineering knowledge for implementation anywhere. The software developed in the gateway for accessing the features of the entire system that include motion sensors and automatic brightness control mechanisms along with real time operations. The software provides the controlling of electrical switches from any given location provided that the device being used to access it is a part of the network to which the appliances are connected appropriately. This is a simple way of using technology to our advantage and makes use cheap equipment for our ease, comfort, security and also financial benefits in the long run.
AI based cleaning robot
(UMT Lahore, 2024-07-25) Muneeb Khan; Rameez Tariq
The AI-Based Cleaning Robot project aims to develop an efficient cleaning robot utilizing Raspberry Pi 4 Model B as its central processing unit. The project involves integrating key components such as a Raspberry Pi camera (5-megapixel), Lidar sensor, 5-V encoder motors (x2), caster wheel, chassis, 40-A BMS with a 36A battery pack, and an ESP module. The progress report details the team's journey in configuring the Raspberry Pi and selecting an appropriate operating system. Initially, Raspbian was chosen, but its effectiveness proved suboptimal. After an extensive review of literature, the team opted for Ubuntu 23.10, the latest version available. However, challenges arose as ROS packets necessary for operation were not yet released for this version. Consequently, the team shifted to Ubuntu 22.04, which supported ROS 2, providing a more feasible solution. Despite its complexity, the operating system was adopted for further development. Recognizing the need for a user-friendly environment, the team revisited earlier versions of Ubuntu and settled on Ubuntu 20.4 Mate. This version not only provided a friendly interface but also had pre-installed software and support for ROS 2. The Lidar sensor, a critical component, was successfully tested on the Raspberry Pi installed with Ubuntu 20.4 Mate, demonstrating optimal functionality. Hardware development involved the creation of a custom chassis with a circular design, boasting a 14-inch diameter. This chassis accommodates spaces for the placement of encoder motors and tires. Rigorous testing of the robot's movement with the integration of two encoder motors connected to an ESP module, wirelessly communicating with the Raspberry Pi, was conducted. The wireless connection aims to minimize delays by up to 50%. In summary, the team successfully navigated the challenges of selecting an appropriate operating system, tested the functionality of key components, and established a foundation for the AI-based cleaning robot. The integration of ROS 2, a user-friendly environment, and wireless communication showcases the team's commitment to creating an advanced and efficient cleaning solution.
AI based NOMA for Heterogeneous Networks
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Syed Muhammad Hamedoon
As wireless networks evolve to accommodate increasing user density, effective user clustering techniques are essential for optimizing resource allocation in Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) systems. Thus, as high-speed and quick data access becomes increasingly available, the need for a sophisticated and enhanced wireless network begins to emerge. NOMA-based heterogeneous networks are essential for the Internet of Things (IoT) era as they combine multiple wireless technologies and devices to enhance coverage, capacity, and user quality of service. In heterogeneous IoT networks with many users, exhaustively searching for optimal user pairs or groups becomes computationally infeasible. As user density increases, clustering becomes a combinatorial problem that demands scalable, low-complexity solutions. This research indicates various user partitioning algorithms that enhance network performance, spectral efficiency, and user fairness, particularly in dense scenarios with diverse channel conditions. We address the challenges of user clustering and power allocation in multi-carrier NOMA systems, emphasizing the importance of energy efficiency for IoT devices. A novel user clustering approach based on partial brute force search (P-BFS) is proposed, significantly reducing complexity while improving throughput. Additionally, we explore a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS)-assisted NOMA framework that optimizes power allocation and phase shifts through advanced optimization techniques, including deep learning and reinforcement learning. RIS-assisted NOMA systems designed for IoT networks make better use of spectrum, which saves power and keeps connections between many users stable. This system differs from conventional wireless communication systems. This research uses AI-based methods to find the best balance between sum rate and energy efficiency, finding the best RIS phase shifts and power distribution. The results demonstrate substantial improvements in sum rate and energy efficiency, highlighting the potential of intelligent clustering methods for future 5G and beyond networks.
AI powered health monitoring for electrical machines using machine learning
(UMT Lahore, 2025) Rabia Yasmeen; Abdul Rehman Atiq; Muhammad Anas
This project develops and demonstrates a low-cost AI powered health monitoring system for a single-phase capacitor-start induction motor using an Aurdino UNO microcontroller and sensors (ACS712 for current, ZMPT101B for voltage, DS18B20 for winding temperature and SW-420 for vibration pulses). The firmware acquires synchronized measurements in short sliding windows, computes electrical, thermal and vibration features, and applies a simple, interpretable random Foresto classify the motor state as healthy or faulty in real time. Sensor data and health status are streamed to a Google Sheet for historical logging and displayed on a Blynk mobile dashboard for remote visibility and alerts. Controlled tests with induced overload, restricted cooling and imbalance scenarios show that the system detects abnormal conditions within a few seconds, maintains stable readings during normal operation. The results confirm that an explainable edge AI approach can provide timely, reliable condition monitoring for motors without expensive industrial hardware, laying a practical foundation for future multi-class diagnostics and predictive maintenance enhancements.
An implementation of hybrid embedded system using CNC plotter and image recognition techniques
(UMT Lahore, 2020) M.Ibrahim; Hamza Amjad; Aazan Khalid
Increment in the quick development of Technology fundamentally expanded the use of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) frameworks in businesses. With the assistance of microcontroller (Arduino), including driver for stepper motors and G-Code file the whole procedure completes. In this manner, CNC plotter Structure is very not quite the same as the more established CNC plotter. It is competent to compose and draw the basic structures with the specific yield. The structure is amplified giving the bigger drawing surface zone and giving new look to the whole structure. CNC plotter depends on the open source equipment and programming. The work talks about the structure and usage of three-dimensional CNC machine utilizing off-the-rack segments. We constructed the mechanical framework, which contains three axis X, Y and Z where four stepper motors and their drivers were utilized to move it. Drivers for development (X and Y-axis) control these four stepper motors. The left and right movement controlled by X axis stepper motor, front-back movement controlled by Y-axis stepper motor and the pen is up down that is constrained by Z-axis servomotor. Microcontroller send guidelines to stepper motor after interpreting the streamed g-code got from USB/Serial port. The plotter also have an option of taking the picture on run time using raspberry pi and camera. This makes the plotter very different from other.
An intuitive approach for the design and implementation of omnidirectional telepresence robot
(UMT.Lahore, 2018) Zain Ul Abideen; Muhammad Husnain Javed
The telepresence robot is designed to set forth an economic solution to facilitate day to day normal activities in almost every field. The applications of this robot include the conference meeting, conducting interviews, distance learning, teaching, office meet ing etc. There are a number of proposed solutions to design telepresence robots e.g Skype and team viewer, but it is pretty silly to use Skype and extra hardware. Video transmission is achieved by using the WebRTC technology between client and user to interface the control commands. The user can log in to the website and the robot could be controlled using a GUI interface along with a separate window for video display. The hosted WebRTC and java scripts translated the commands to the microcontroller to translate the instruction. To achieve the efficient and reliable video transmission the influence quality factors like quality of service (QoS) and bandwidth are resolved using the WebRTC along with the integration of the communication protocols. To protect the data transmission we have implemented the SSL protocol and installed on the server125. To prevent the public access from the control panel we have designed a login page and linked with the Microsoft SQL server to enhance the authentication process. The biggest challenge was to make moving internet connection anywhere without any dependency. The problem of the movement is resolved by Omni wheels as it does not require steering angle. The telepresence robot could be controlled anywhere through the internet and smooth motion of the robot is obtained by omnidirectional control. The robot is mod elled as a holonomic omnidirectional and equations of the modelling are implemented in the microcontroller to obtain the omnidirectional movement. The whole process of the robot is accomplished by three phases; two phases of the programming and one phase of the hardware implementation. One phase is WebRTC integration with JavaScript programming, second for microcontroller programming to control motion and third for hardware implementation and software integration of the robot
An optimal energy management system for residential and industrial microgrids
(UMT.Lahore, 2022) Muhammad Bilal Nasir
This thesis presents an optimal scheme for the integration of renewable sources with utility grid to minimize the operational cost of the residential and industrial power systems. With the changing paradigm of solar photovoltaic in low distribution networks, utilities have allowed net-metering and Feed-in-Tariff through which residential and industrial consumers can substantially contribute to energy generation. However, in conventional settings system may underperform if resources are not scheduled optimally. For instance, with the time of usage pricing, it is possible to intake energy from the grid when grid prices are lower and supply to the grid when grid supply is higher. The proposed scheme will therefore allow the optimal resource utilization considering intermittent renewable generation as well as a time-varying utility tariff. The complete comparative analysis of on-grid and off-grid models is carried out. The results indicate that the annual saving is about 32.0% by using on-grid proposed scheme where Feed-in-Tariff is available
Analysis of garments defects and proposal for their remedial plan
(UMT Lahore, 2011) Aamir Raza; Asad Ali Raza; Abrar Ahmad
Android based home automation system
(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Salman Javid; Suliman; M.Irfan Bhatti
Home Automation System is a method of controlling your house and communicating with it. Updating the statuses of Lights, Fans, motors and other house hold appliances through Remote Control and Mobile phone. This provides user access to his house even from remote location, giving him peace of mind that his house is in his control all the time. In our project the same thing is implemented through an Android App instead of ordinary mobile softwares. The user would be able to access/control his house appliances through his Android phone from any remote location.
Animatronics robot with two arms
(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Ahsan Javed; Hafiz Abdul Hadi; Muhammad Ishaq; Zain-ul-Abidian
In these days in the world, there is an increasing need to create robotic or humanoid arms to do different human activities where human actions are difficult to perform or we can say impossible. It may involve pick and drop things, let’s say we want to serve a glass of water to a disabled person or diffuse a bomb, using a wireless control operation. Here we have proposed to build a robotic or humanoid arm controlled by different wireless means. Finally, this arm can avoid the problem such as picking or placing the harmful objects or non-hazardous objects that are far away from us and help to disable patients. The method used in designing and constructing the robotic arm is based on the operational features and characteristics of the microcontroller (Arduino), electronic circuit, servo motors and the programming of servo motors and Arduino microcontroller. The analog voltages received from the sensor (Infrared) are fed into the microcontroller, these analog voltages are converted into digital values using built in Analog to Digital converter of the microcontroller. The analog values from the infrared sensor fed into the Arduino and it is compared with stored reference values then appropriate signals are sent to servo motor 0controller, which actuates the motors to move the arm to the specified coordinates and grip or release the objects.
Antenna design for uwb
(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Muhammad Umer Farooq; Muhammad Yousaf; Bilal Tariq
This is the project report on the Final Year Project titled “Micro-Strip patch antenna (UWB)”. Micro strip patch antennas are gaining popularity day by day because they are very compact in size having low weight and easy for integrating with devices. Micro strip patch antennas can be designed in different shapes and configurations for different characteristics of band such as dual-band, multi-band, wide- band and ultra wide band for GSM WLAN, Wi Max and other wireless technologies. Ultra wide band antennas actually enable low power consumption, high data transmission rates in wireless communication application. In this project a simple micro strip-fed antenna is proposed with ultra wide band characteristics. The antenna is composed of circular patch converted into key like shape with help of slits and slots in order to improve results, and a partial ground plane having slit. The main emphasis was to design an antenna which covers the bandwidth of ultra wide band applications. This patch antenna is designed and simulated in Ansoft HFSS 11 (High Frequency Structure Simulator).

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