2017
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Item ANALYSIS AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LAHORE DOMESTIC WATER(UMT.lahore, 2017) AFSAH MUNIRWater Quality is monitored by many different test for kidney and carcinogenic components in water. The most prominent carcinogens in water supplies are hexavalent chromium and chlorine. As many other tests are also detected like TDS, TUDS is done by filtration. Specific gravity, Density is done by gravity bottle. Chloride ions, phosphate ions, Sulphate ions are checked by titration apparatuses and instrumentation. Chlorine component is monitored and the highest component detected in domestic water is in area Lahore cantonment. After that gulberg and upper mall. This research also involves the analysis of samples for many other parameters .instrumentation is being used in this research is mainly UV spectrophotometer and the peaks identified the amount of carcinogenic component in water.Item ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES(UMT.lahore, 2017) Anum AshrafThe antibacterial activity were studied by Agar well Diffusion, first copper nanoparticles were synthesized by wet chemical method using copper sulphate pentahydrate, sodium lauryl sulfate and hydrazine as reducing agent. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by XRD. To check the antibacterial activity of copper nanoparticles against different bacteria like Eschericia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus areus, Pseudomonas and Klebsiella pneumonia, slant, inoculum and petri dishes were prepared for this purpose. Amoxicillin was used as standard antibiotic and distilled water was used as a solvent. Amoxicillin is very famous antibiotic. Dilutions of 1%, 0.5% 0.125% 0.25% respectively. Copper nanoparticles have highest antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae for 1% concentration and lowest efficiency against Pseudomonas for 0.5% concentration. Therefore, it can be concluded that copper nanoparticles showed good efficiency against bacteria and can also be used as antibiotic in medicine.Item ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES(UMT.lahore, 2017) MEHSHAAR GULAntibiotic drugs are resistant against bacteria and there is need to search for new antibiotic drugs that are more resistant against these bacteria. Copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by using copper sulphate pentahydrate and sodium lauryl sulfate. To check the antibacterial activity of the copper oxide nanoparticles against different bacteria like Eschericia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus areus, Pseudomonas and Klebsiella pneumonia, petri dishes were prepared. Amoxicillin was used as standard antibiotic and distilled water was used as solvent. Amoxicillin is very famous antibiotics as compared to other beta-lactam antibiotics. It works against Gram‐negative bacteria more effectively as compare to Gram positive bacteria. Dilutions of copper oxide nanoparticles were prepared of 2%, 1% and 0.5% respectively. Nanoparticles were characterized by using XRD technique. Copper oxide nanoparticles showed the antibacterial activity against all of the bacteria by agar well diffusion method. Copper oxide nanoparticles showed the highest efficiency against Eschericia coli for 2% concentration and lowest efficiency against Pseudomonas and Klebsiella pneumonia for 0.5% concentration. Therefore, it can be concluded that copper oxide nanoparticles show efficiency against bacteria and can also be used as antibiotic in medicine field as well as in paints, coatings, and textile.Item ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CUPROUS OXIDE NANOPARTICLES(UMT.lahore, 2017) QURATUL AIN LIAQATCuprous oxide nanoparticles were prepared by using copper sulfate pentahydrate and small amount of hydrazine as reducing agent. The antibacterial activity of cuprous oxide nanoparticles was evaluated against different bacteria’s such as Pseudomonas, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus areus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Eschericia coli. For this purpose petri dishes were prepared containing inoculums and bacteria from slant was injected, amoxicillin was used as a standard antibiotic drug along with water as solvent. Amoxicillin is a famous antiseptic drug. Dilutions of cuprous oxide nanoparticles were prepared of 1%, 0.5%, 0.25% and 0.125% respectively. Properties of nanoparticles were studied by using XRD pattern. Cuprous oxide nanoparticles showed antimicrobial efficiency against all of the bacteria by agar well diffusion method. Results showed that cuprous oxide nanoparticles could restrain the growth of Pseudomonas, E.coli, St.aureus, K.pneumonia and St.mutans. Highest efficiency was achieved against Klebsiella pneumonia for 1% concentration and lowest efficiency was achieved against Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas for 0.125% concentration. Therefore, it can be concluded that cuprous oxide nanoparticles show efficient antimicrobial properties and could be replaced in antibiotic drugs as antimicrobial agent.Item ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ZIZIPHUS SATIVA(UMT.lahore, 2017) SONIA TABASUMZiziphus sativa is specie of Ziziphus that belongs to FAM .Rhamnaceae. Ziziphus sativa is a small tree. Jujube cultivated in china. It is growing more than 4,000 years. This tree cultivate all over the world. The fruit of Ziziphus sativa is very delicious. It is equally liked among younger and children. It has sweet taste. Ziziphus sativa is traditionally important plant for medical purpose. The antifungal activity of Ziziphus sativa was checked by disc agar diffusion method. Ziziphus sativa activity was checked against Candida Albicans and Sacchromyces cerevisiae. Four different solvent extracts were used to check the antifungal activity. Extract of plant in was ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-hexane and water were under study. All extract showed different effects against both strains. Ethyl acetate showed best results in both strains. 1% of ethyl acetate showed 25mm zone of inhibition against Candida Albicans and Sacchromyces cerevisiae. On the other hand n-hexane showed no results against both strains. So it is concluded that chloroform, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water were all antifungal agents.Item Evaluation of Arsenic from Drinking Water and its Treatment(UMT.lahore, 2017) Zeeshan Akhtar ChaudharyThis study was carried out to be another step towards betterment and development of new ways to treat perilous problem of arsenic in water which is causing many diseases and other problems to human life. As in this study various determination methods were utilized followed by each other in process, due to presence of arsenic in micro level, most of the processes were unable to show prominent results when quantified by mean of Jasco spectrophotometer. The only result bearing process was found to be calorimetric and spectrophotometric process of determination of arsenic by Molybdenum blue method (Vogel and Jeffery 1989). Fractions of Arsenic concentrations as, 20 ppb, 40 ppb, 60ppb and 80 ppb were prepared by dissolving Arsenic(III) Oxide in distilled water and all the concentrations were treated by the said method and their absorption were recorded as 0.0934, 0.2671, 0.322 and 0.4600 respectively. Graph was plotted against absorbance vs. concentration. Given results shown clear increase in absorbance exactly as the fashion of arsenic concentration. After the detection of arsenic the 80ppb and 60ppb concentration samples were treated by dipping bark of Vachellia karro (Kikar tree) and Azadirachta indica (Neem Tree) bark in the sample (respectively) for 3 hours and then resulted effluent was tested again by previously utilized method for arsenic determination.Item EXPLOITATION OF LOW COST ADSORBENT FOR PURIFICATION OF LEAD POLLUTED WATER(UMT.lahore, 2017) TAYYAB SAJJADWater is an essential component of our life. No plant, animal life should exist without water. Contamination in water is due to large number of pollutants present in it. When pollutants mixed in food it tends to be lethal across bio accumulation. Adsorption is an effective method for the purification of water from these toxic substances. Four different parameters such as effect of concentration on Pb(II) adsorption, effect of particle size on Pb(II) adsorption, effect of pH on Pb(II) adsorption and effect of temperature on Pb(II) adsorption were studied. Activated carbon having two different particle sizes 595µ and 149.6µ is used. Xylenol orange is used as complexing agent because lead forms stable complex with xylenol orange. Large surface area of activated carbon results in increasing initial lead ion concentration. When adsorbent particle size decreases density also decreases. Absorption capacity of lead is higher at pH10. Unadsorbed lead ions concentration were calculated by using UV-VIS spectrophotometer.Item NON-EXTRACTIVE SPECTROSCOPIC DETERMINATION OF LEAD METAL IN BLOOD SAMPLES(UMT.lahore, 2017) SAFIA BATOOLAbstract A validated, precised, accurate and simple spectrophotometric method has been worked out for the determination of Pb in human blood. Determination of Pb method is based on the reaction of lead with xylenol orange after the wet digestion of blood samples of HCV patients with HNO3 and H2O2. The absorption maxima occurred at 578 nm. This method is are alternative method for the amount of Pb in blood other than test methods applied in medical labItem Non-extractive UV-VIS spectroscopic method for determination of iron metal in blood samples(UMT.lahore, 2017) TAYYABA ARSHADA validated, precised, accurate and simple spectrophotometric method has been worked out for the determination of Fe in human blood. Determination of Fe method is based on the reaction of iron with ammonium thiocyanate after the wet digestion of blood samples of HCV patients with HNO3 and H2O2. The absorption maxima occurred at 475nm. This method is are alternative method for the amount of Fe in blood other than test methods applied in medical lab.Item PROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF ZIZIPHUS SATIVA(UMT.lahore, 2017) AMNA SALEEMZiziphus Sativa cultivated in Northern areas of Pakistan belongs to Rhamnaceae plant family. It has been use as a food source due to its Red and Green barriers like fruit taste. It is juicy and sweet in taste Sativa plant found to be a fruit which is in rich of Minerals, Vitamins, Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, Carbohydrates and Proteins. Proximate analysis performed by method of Association of official analytical chemist showed good result in Sativa plant. It showed good percentage of Dry mass (87.51 %), NFE (69.36 %), Carbohydrate (56.856 %), Moisture (12.504 %) and Fat Content (7.98 %).Item REMOVAL OF LEAD IONS FROM WATER USING BIO MATERIALS(UMT.lahore, 2017) SAROOR AFAQThe water which people drink or use must be clean and clear from germs, chemicals and a lot of other water pollutants. Waste water is routinely being discharged to outer environment from homes, agriculture runoff, industry and manufacturing process this water contain petrochemicals, phosphate, nitrate, and heavy metal like Cr, lead, Fe, Mg and loads of other hazardous materials. This water needs to be purify before its use. Pakistan is a developing country so we have limited source we need to find inexpensive materials and way of water purification .So my focus is on water purification by using cheap biomaterial as adsorbent. From bio materials we chose Gaozaban (Borago Officinels) as and adsorbent.Item STUDY OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ZIZIPHUS SATIVA(UMT.lahore, 2017) SAHER FATIMAThe scientists select the different plants for screening their components that helped to control the bacterial growth. Ziziphus sativa belonged to “Rhamnaceae” family. The common name of ziziphus sativa is berry in Persian it is known as ziziphus lotus. Ziziphus sativa is traditionally important medicinal plant. The antibacterial activity of ziziphus sativa was checked by the disc agar diffusion method. Four different solvents extracts (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous) was used to check the antibacterial effect. Two gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and three gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae) were used to analyzed the antibacterial effect. All the strains showed antibacterial effect except Streptococcus mutans. While the ethyl acetate showed the best result among all extracts. Ethyl acetate showed 70mm zone of inhibition in 1% of plant extract while n-hexane extract showed no results against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae strain. So it is concluded that ethyl acetate, chloroform, aqueous and n-hexane extract of ziziphus sativa can be served as antibacterial agent.Item STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ZIZIPHUS SATIVA(UMT.lahore, 2017) MAHRUKH FATIMAZiziphus includes famous specie like ziziphus sativa. Free radicals can cause diseases and also can create damage. It came to know that Ziziphus family is rich in antioxidant amount so its antioxidant activity is amazing. Ziziphus Sativa was extracted by methanol. Then the crude methanolic extract was further separated into four extracts which include ethyl-acetate, chloroform n-hexane and aqueous. The crude extract and all of its fractions were placed screening to study their antioxidant activities. It was done by using DPPH, Phosphomolybdenum and FTC assay methods. In DPPH Assay n-hexane gives 83.61%, chloroform 86.34%, ethyl acetate 91.35% and aqueous 94.90%. Aqueous extract gives the best result according to DPPH assay results. In Phosphomolybdenum assay n-hexane gives 121.81%, chloroform 108.3%, ethyl acetate 113.65% and aqueous 118.45%. According to this method n-hexane gives the best and least results are from chloroform. In FTC assay n-hexane gives 5.23%, chloroform 11.05%, ethyl acetate 10.15% and aqueous 3.73%. Lower absorbance indicates the higher anti-oxidant activity according to this assay. Aqueous is more antioxidant than others and chloroform is the least one here. Results shows that DPPH assay gives the best result as compared to others methods. Hence aqueous and n-hexane portion of the plant extract shows the great radical scavenging activities close to the reference standard BHT.Item SYNHTESIS AND SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBOXYLATE LIGAND DERIVED FROM p-TOLUIDINE(UMT.lahore, 2017) MUHAMMAD MOHSIN SIDDIQUEMany carboxylate ligands are derived from various amines and aromatic compounds. The carboxylate ligand that I have prepared is by reacting maleic anhydride with p-Toluidine which produces a light brown initial color and light yellow end product after continuous stirring on magnet stirrer overnight. It has very high melting point and is soluble and insoluble in different solvents. Its physical and chemical properties are tested by using different solvents like ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, ethanol, chloroform, n-hexane, DMSO, distilled water, glacial acetic acid. After obtaining the product I have calculated the %age yield of the product that I have obtained and characterized this carboxylate ligand by using FT-IR. This ligand have many applications as an intermediate, as antifungal, anti-bacterial active compound, antimicrobial compound, in the synthesis of MOF`s, as anti-drug, also as active catalysts.Item SYNTHESIS AND SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBOXYLATE LIGAND DERIVED FROM 2, 4-DNPH(UMT.lahore, 2017) ABUBAKAR ABDUR-REHMANMost of the ligands have been synthesized from different aldehydes and amines with the continuous magnetic stirrer method. The ligand in this study is synthesized from the reaction of Maleic anhydride with 2, 4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine, which gives the yellow solid product of 2,4DNPH-M-P, with a sharp melting point that is insoluble in most of organic solvents. The spectroscopic study helps to predict the structure of the product 2,4DNPH-M-P and confirm the results using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique which identifies the different bonding present in it. The pH and conductivity of the synthesized carboxylate ligand 2,4DNPH-M-P is checked in different solvents. It has different pH and conductivity in different solvents. Methanol and Ethanol has high conductivity compared to other solvents, and the pH of the solvents changes from basic to acidic medium. The synthesized carboxylate ligand 2,4DNPH-M-P has many important applications in biomedical, complexes formation, and Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs).