Phd DLC

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    Code-Switching by Phases: A Minimalist Perspective
    (UMT, Lahore, 2016) Nazir Ahmed Malik
    The study attempts to establish that there is no essential difference between bilingual and monolingual linguistic competence as the negative and positive Urdu/English code-switching data may satisfactorily be accounted for within the provisions of Chomsky’s (2000, 2001, 2005 and 2008) Phase Theory. The inability of the existing CS-models in accounting for the recurring switches in the data necessitates the minimalist account of CS offered in the study. It is proposed that both mixed and unmixed sentences are derived in a similar fashion in two distinct derivational chunks called Phases.
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    MORPHOSYNTACTIC DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN ACQUIRING URDU AND PUNJABI
    (UMT, Lahore, 2020) Tahira Khanam
    The present research documents the morphosyntactic development of children acquiring Urdu and Punjabi as first Language through quantitative and qualitative data within Generativists and usage based Constructivists’ frame works. A cross-sectional study of total 48 children including 36 Urdu and Punjabi bilinguals age ranged 3.0-6.0 divided into six groups (age wise) i.e. 3.0 - 3.5, 3.5 - 4.0, 4.0 - 4.5, 4.5 - 5.0, 5.0 - 5.5, 5.5 - 6.0, and one group of 12 monolinguals (6 Urdu and 6 Punjabi speaking) age ranged 2.5 - 3.0 participated in this study. They were non-randomly selected. Their acquisition of noun morphosyntax including gender, number and case categories and verb morphosyntax of present progressive and present perfect tenses was judged through picture description task. While for all past tenses including progressive, habitual and perfect and oblique case of infinitive, video clipping, for adjective-noun agreement live enactment and for present habitual, nominative, oblique infinitives and imperative (request form) interview techniques were used.
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    THE USE OF DISCURSIVE PRACTICES FOR THE PROMOTION OF POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF PAKISTANI PARLIAMENTARY DEBATE
    (UMT, Lahore, 2020) Mazhar Iqbal
    A language is a primary source of expressing and reshaping ideology (Fowler, 1985) and politicians use it as a power to put certain ideas into practice (Bayram, 2010). This study aims to highlight political ideology propagated through political language, especially, in the parliamentary discourse. Speeches of the fourteen parliamentarians representing four leading political parties from the third joint session of 2013-2018 tenure, were selected for the analysis. The study used CDA approach for analyzing the underlying ideology in the speeches and seeing the partisan effects in the selected speeches. To investigate an us-them strategy for in-group positive and out-group negative presentation, the study employed three discursive practices i.e. in-group positive presentation vs out-group negative presentation, proximization and clusivity.
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    A MORPHOSYNTACTIC DESCRIPTION OF DHANI
    (UMT, Lahore, 2022) WASIM HASAN
    This study aims to provide a morphosyntactic description of Dhani, a dialect of Punjabi language spoken in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Dhani is spoken in parts of the Rawalpindi Division (Pothohar Plateau), Chakwal, and southern parts of Jhelum and Attock Districts. The study is a field research. Data was collected from a sample of sixty Dhani speakers from three tehsils viz. Chakwal, Kallar Kahar and Choa Saiden Shah of Chakwal district, belonging to different social, regional and educational backgroundsselected through purposive sampling technique. Data was collected through text and discourse centered approach, communicative focus group discussions (FGDs) and direct elicitations which were recorded with the help of four native research assistants (RAs).
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    THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POWER, IDEOLOGY AND GENDER REPRESENTATION IN HILLARY CLINTON’S SELECTED DISCOURSES
    (UMT, Lahore, 2022) Safina Kanwal
    Foucault’s theory of power and discourse has opened new horizons in the various fields of linguistics. Discourse is a potent tool for exerting power (Foucault, 1998). Critical discourse analysis (CDA) reveals the ways by which discourse is manipulated for the construction of various issues such as identity, ethnicity, ideology, cultural differences and gender. The most wide-ranging and most influential work in CDA is of Norman Fairclough. He takes language as a social practice through which power and ideology are maintained and challenged.The present doctoral dissertation intends to investigate Hillary Clinton’s political discourses in terms of her tactical use of discourse to gain power, to build her gender identity and to depict her political ideology. The study aims to analyze the political speeches of Hillary Clinton to understand the role of discourse in gaining power and also its role in the representation of female gender.
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    PHONEMIC DESCRIPTION AND CODIFICATION OF SHAHPURI WITH REFERENCE TO MAJHI - A DIALECT OF THE PUNJABI LANGUAGE
    (UMT, Lahore, 2022) Muhammad Nadeem Chohan
    Punjabi, a language that belongs to the Indo-Aryan family of languages, is spoken in various nations around the globe, especially Pakistan and its province Punjab and Indian Panjab. It manifests itself through various dialects based on diversified geographical areas, clans, and contiguous dialects. The importance of Punjabi cannot be denied being the 10th most widely used language globally (Ghai & Singh, 2013). According to Ethnologue (2020), the number of Punjabi speakers is 125,326,840. In Pakistan, it is the language of the majority of the people residing in the most populous province of Pakistan, Punjab. In India, it is one of the 22 languages with official status. Unfortunately, no considerable work has been done on the phonology of its dialects.
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    MORPHO SYNTACTIC INFLUENCE OF L1 (PUNJABI) ON L2 (ENGLISH) IN ESL CLASSROOM IN PUNJAB
    (UMT, Lahore, 2022) Sarwar Khan
    The present Study investigates the Morpho Syntactic influence of LI (Punjabi) in the learning of L2 (English) as second language in ESL classroom in Punjab. It also focuses on the different types of influences at Morpho Syntactic level, the graduate learners show while acquiring L2. It further focuses out the impacts of cross linguistic influence at Morpho Syntactic level i.e. at structural level, prepositional level, clause level, and influence at subject- verb agreement, noun, pronoun, article, adverb, conjunction level and at syntactic level. Moreover, it explores the first language interference in the formation of syntactic patterns of target language. The study also discovers hegemonious hold of mother language in the making of morphological formations of source language. Cross linguistic influence is a major factor in the field of second language acquisition. It has many serious side effects on the process of learning of target language.
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    DYNAMICS OF WEBLOGS AS HETEROTOPIAN SPACES THROUGH DISCOURSE VIRTUAL APPROACH IDENTITY FORMATION OF PAKISTANI FEMALE BLOGGERS
    (UMT, Lahore, 2022) TABASSUM SABA
    Within the domain of the cyber world, this research discusses Weblogs as heterotopias. Heterotopias, in today’s world, are viewed in terms of different spatial fields which formulate alternative spaces or an ‘other’ space and a world that hinges on constant friction between the real and the unreal. As suggested by Foucault (1986), they are of two types – heterotopias of deviation and of crisis. Taking these ideas further, some researches refer to the internet and Facebook as emerging heterotopias (Sherman, 1998; Rymarczuk & Derksen 2014; Hope, 2016). This research interrogates how Pakistani female bloggers construct their own world which is different from their real spatio-geographical location. It also aims to scrutinize how this other world helps the females in (re) constructing their online identity, which may be different from their offline, real identity. The study also investigates how the weblogs offer hyper freedom to Pakistani female bloggers for identity formation through linguistic means
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    DEVELOPING COMPUTER ASSISTED READING MATERIALS FOR TEACHING ENGLISH TO PAKISTANI MAINSTREAM SCHOOL DYSLEXIC STUDENTS OF ELEMENTARY LEVEL
    (UMT, Lahore, 2023) MUHAMMAD ASIF
    The present study aims to develop and gauge the impact of indigenously developed computer assisted reading materials, based on the reading problems, reading needs and effective teaching strategies as perceived by the English language teachers and guardians of Pakistani mainstream school dyslexic students, on their English language performance. Four lessons from Punjab Textbook Board‘s English of class VI were purposively selected and the materials were developed under the guidance of Mayer (2005)‘s Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning. Reading disability checklist was used for the screening of dyslexic students and the purposively selected thirty students were further divided in two (control and experimental) groups homogenously. The control group continued learning through conventional methodology whereas the experimental group was taught through these materials for six weeks.
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    HYBRIDIZATION AND PHONO-SEMANTIC MATCHING IN URDU NEOLOGISM A CORPUS-BASED STUDY OF HYBRID WORDS IN URDU NEWSPAPERS
    (UMT, Lahore, 2024) Saadia Rasheed
    Borrowing English lexical items in Urdu is a frequently occurring phenomenon that often leads to new word formations which are called neologisms. This research aims to reveal the neologisms in Urdu from English through hybridization and phono-semantic matching. The study provides an overview of new word formations in the Urdu language and the structure of hybrid and PSM words. For this purpose, the study extracts data from Urdu newspapers’ texts and develops corpora of these words. Due to the absence of software for extracting and sorting hybrid data, all the words have been extracted manually. Parallel English and Urdu corpora were collected for dictionaries and translation purposes. The current study has employed a quantitative corpus linguistics methodology and qualitative interpretation to address the research questions.The analysis results in two major categories of hybridization; single hybrid words and compound hybrid words.
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    INVESTIGATING THE VERBAL CODES FOR FEMALE OBJECTIFICATION IN PAKISTANI URDU FILMS
    (UMT, Lahore, 2024) Rabia Sohail
    Cinematic language in Pakistan is culturally encoded with stereotyping notions and norms about women. Fewer studies have explored female objectification through a linguistic lens. So, this study looks for linguistic patterns to conceptualize female objectification. In doing so, Papdaki‟s Objectification Theory, Gambier‟s Verbal Codes, and Searle‟s Illocutionary Speech Acts are used as conceptual frameworks to seek commonly emerging categories and themes in the data. The data were collected in three phases. In the first phase, the period was finalized based on Erum Hafeez's era-wise demarcation of Urdu films from 1957 to 2019. In the second phase, the clusters of each year‟s most successful films were selected based on the reviews of Pakistan film magazine. In the third phase, six films, such as Arman, Anmol, Aina, Inteha, Koi tuj sa kahan, and Bol, were shortlisted for analysis.