2021

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Diagnosing the unassimilated wounds of partition’s trauma
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Mashal Mumtaz
The research paper aims to probe Cathy Caruth’s Trauma Theory in Khushwant Singh’s Train to Pakistan and Saadat Hassan Manto’s Khol Do. The objective of the research is to unveil the gruesome archives of traumatic happenings of partition through a comparative analysis of Sundari in Train to Pakistan and Sakina in Khol Do. Another objective is to unfold how trauma has influenced Singh and Manto to rewrite the history of partition. The study underlines the significance of trauma in shaping actions and individual and religious and national identities as the critical study traces individual encounters of characters with bleak conscious and poignant memories. The dissertation impregnates the gap in research on Train to Pakistan and Khol Do which have formerly not been dissected and scrutinized as a means of catharsis from trauma residing in the South Asian human subconscious. Psychoanalysis, with explicit emphasis on Cathy Caruth’s Trauma Theory, is the secondary source for this research paper. The study heightens the significance of trauma as an event which fragments human consciousness but is ripe with the potential to be shaped by language. Future researchers can question the idea of partition by exploring trauma in other post partition literary texts of South-Asian writers and draw a comparative analysis with the aforementioned texts. The research is qualitative and non inter-disciplinary which is conducted on a grounded theory.
Feminist slavery and fertility control
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Ayesha Mushtaq
The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood is a feminist novel that highlights the issues of female fertility, and emphasizing them from a feminist as well as colonial point of view. The novel is set in a dystopian fictional society in the 1980s, a society where the issue of female fertility is concerning. Since the issue discussed in the novel is slightly realistic, the question arises whether or not such a situation may occur in the future, or even near future. Which makes one wonder if a similar situation is even possible. The issue in the novel is that the women of higher class were unable to give birth, so they enslaved women who were already mothers and used them as forced surrogates. By using Qualitative method, the primary text taken is “The Handmaid’s Tale” which will provide the quality for the information for this thesis, and secondly, doctors (gynecologists) will be consulted to see if they think this infertility would get so common that this point could come in future. Surrogacy is very common in the people of elite class. Hence, the aim of this research is to analyze whether this is a possibility for the future or whether Margaret Atwood’s novel is merely just a work of fiction. The biblical concept of the Handmaids is also kept under consideration since the same concept is being used. The high class is even able to buy a woman for fertility. Would society accept this and make it a tradition? Or would it just remain a fad practiced by the elite? Some Christians would also be consulted, for the Biblical information regarding women as a breeding tool and if the puritan’s lied about this? Whether buying women is allowed in Christianity or not? And Is it actually written in the Bible?
The character of Kizzy in Haley’s roots
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) M Jahanzaib Bilali
This paper aims to talk about the excursion of Kizzy in Roots tale from the focal point of Kristen Holst Petersen and Anna Rutherford's idea of Double Colonization.This paper additionally intends to break down the battle of individuals of color in the white people society. It additionally inspect the concealment of individuals of color and guide the idea of Double colonization. The primary target of this paper is to investigate the character from the novel of Roots ' Kizzy' from the focal point of ladies concealment and the idea of Double colonization. The fundamental target of the paper is to examine the idea of twofold colonization and the excursion of Kizzy in the in the light of Kirsten Holst Petersen and Anna Rutherford's idea of 'Twofold Colonization'.This paper likewise means to zero in on the servitude and sexual bound( twofold colonized) and furthermore this will talk about the sexual torment of individuals of color and the expert of slaves too.
A feminist analysis of Margaret Atwood’s the edible woman
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Muhammad Kamran Noor
The Edible Woman is a novel by Canadian author, Margaret Atwood which was not much known when it was published but has become a feminist iconic novel ever since the movement of feminism has been at a rise. The paper is a study of the feminist critical examination of the novel under the theoretical framework of Othering. The character in the novel, mainly the protagonist is stuck in a world where women are consumed all their lives by both the society and by the men in it. The protagonist, Marian, tries to stand up to these patriarchal notions and to such people that put women down. This paper will focus on the study of the novel with different feminist perspectives and try to undermine the reasons why Marian starts to drown in a sea of depression, Anorexia, feeling split up. The psychological perspectives of being a woman in a deeply patriarchal society shall also be studied. Mainly, feminist theories like “the second sex” by Simone De Beauvoir and “a room of one’s own” by Virginia Woolf and other texts will be used to theoretically analyze the novel. The novel will also be discussed with reference to gender stereotypes and the gender gap that the society faces in a patriarchal and capitalist world. Also, another important element in this novel is that of food and its importance to the plot of the novel, such elements will also be discovered in this paper.
A study of poetic devices in selective poems of romantic poets
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Humna Rana
The aim of this research is to illustrate that romanticism appeared in Europe towards the end of the 18th century and continued into the mid-19th century. The major elements of Romanticism are nature, emotions, and imagination. Nature, with its unbound gloriousness, is an enormous element in the Romantic era. Nature is frequently viewed as something antithetical to the practical. In the Romantic period, the poets used individual experiences and the personal feelings and emotions they associated with the veneration of the surroundings. During the analysis of these selected poems by Wordsworth, John Keats, and William Blake, the researcher assures the reader that poetic language produces depth in poetry and a more vivid feel through the use of different poetic devices. The study explicitly highlights the attributes of the poems that use metaphorical language, poetic devices, and a selection of specific words to convey underlying messages to the readers. For instance, in Keats’s poem, "Ode to Autumn," the poet describes his personal feelings about Autumn and the celebration of the Autumn season by nature. The significance of the project work is to view the primary function of poetic devices in poetry during the time of Romanticism. The aims and objectives of this research are to know the use of poetic devices and their impact on the readers' minds. The use of imagery and poetic devices in the poems of William Wordsworth, William Blake, and John Keats creates a sense of understanding about the poets' abstract ideas. The study investigates the unique elements of poetry in the period of Romanticism, known to be distinctive in using personal feelings and individual experiences of the poets through figurative language and the frequent use of imagery to materialize abstract ideas.
Cinematic adaptation starring Henrik Ibsen's play a doll's house
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Maham Naseem
Social identity and ideology are the necessities in the process of adaptation. The process of adaptation demands in depth meaning and exploration to represent the cultural aspects in any piece of literature. By applying the theoretical framework of adaptation by Linda Hutcheon, this study focuses on the detailed analysis about the characters. Moreover, it portrays a unique trend of the practical approach to articulating ideas of what author holds in his story. Adaptation is a process that focus more on the characterization, delivery of the dialogues and setting which further interrogates how different piece of literature are being adapted and how cultural implication and representation work differently in this process. Study shows how the idea of Ibsen’s play A Doll’s House was presented in the several English adaptations. Generally, adaptations were used culturally to represent the settings, conflict, and plot of the play rather to exaggerate what is being seen in the play. Ibsen’s play A Doll’s House was adapted quite often and every adaptation presents a unique notion of culture with respect to the particular locality which further emphasizes on the audience who were adhering that particular culture.
Undercover eroticism-an expedition from classical to contemporary literature
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Zainab Humayon
Distilling explicit sexual imagery even in legitimate sexual relationships was depreciated; this verbal nakedness has always prohibited the initial Western literary canon to avoid such connotations. This accolades towards primitive mentality and religious principles too which offered no flexibility to shelter the obscene nature of sexuality. The dissertation explores the revolution in the fluency of sexual repertoire in the all-time advanced European culture by examining the text by the master of Pun Language, William Shakespeare. The audacity of Shakespeare to indulge the hints of desire and sexual eroticism keeping in view the disciplinary constitution is brave of his times. Ismat Chugtai’s audacity to uncover the same element of desire but loudly for the homosexual content yet subtly in her short story “Lihaaf” is rebellious of contemporary times yet the articulation is advanced at utmost level. Shedding light on the explicitness of sexual culture with the critical observance of progressive literary journey across the globe by taking two extremely contrasting geographical landscapes is the content’s intent. The research is not on grand level due to the restrictive allocated time span for its conductance. Yet, the aim is to contrive the theoretical framework of Queer Theory with dissertation’s statement as it too is neither supportive nor defensive of any particular gender but critiques the discourses which promote hetero-normativity.
Exploration of Daud Kamal’s before the carnations wither with the lens of mysticism
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) SyedaTathir Zahra
The research paper aims to explore Gerald James Larson’s Mysticism theory in Daud Kamal’s collected poems, Before the Carnations Wither. The objective of the research is to explore the facets of Daud Kamal’s poetry through images, symbolism, and themes used in the lens of mysticism and spirituality. The study highlights the poetry of Daud Kamal as a canvas rich interpretation of mysticism. Along with the different facets of tradition, culture, partition, and history with a focus on the writing style, images, and themes. The study fills the gap in research on Before the Carnations Wither which has hitherto not been deconstructed and critically analyzed in compliance to Mysticism. Mysticism theory, with a specific focus on Larson’s theory respectively, is the tool for this research paper. The study highlights the significance of Daud Kamal’s writings with different perspectives of culture, history, and religion in the light of a mystical and realistic theoretical lens. The future researchers can explore various other domains of Mysticism theory in the collection of poems and they can further explore the realistic theoretical framework in Daud Kamal’s poetry. It is a qualitative research with a special focus on grounded theory. It is not an interdisciplinary research.
Analysis of beloved by Toni Morrison with the implementation of trauma theory
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Sibgha Qamar
Beloved by Toni Morrison is taken under consideration, with thorough study of the novel and application of Trauma Theory is placed in order to clarify the protagonists view point and to justify her actions that took the readers by shock. The goal of this thesis is to emphasize and defend the causes of the protagonist's conduct as depicted in Toni Morrison's 1987 novel Beloved utilizing Trauma Theory. To grasp and link in a psychological perspective of slavery as trauma, Toni Morrison's tale about enslavement, Beloved (1987), this study is conducted to find the commonalities between the slavery myth and the clinical approaches on trauma and its ramifications. The purpose of this analysis is to depict the common challenges of trauma in order to examine how well Morrison portrays them in Beloved, as well as to highlight the worst features of slavery that force the main character to murder her child. The characters in Toni Morrison's novel Beloved are examined as representations of Sethe's wounded self in this study. Throughout the years, this family's suffering has been carried down, drawing the three major female characters together. Sethe and her daughters are bound together by the horrible murder of Beloved. As a result, this situation connects many of the puzzle pieces in this evaluation. This study investigates and extends on this subject, arguing that Beloved's role as a trauma emblem aids Sethe in healing from her trauma. Morrison's use of these literary methods forces the reader to participate in the journey of pain and its resolution.
Character study of feminine voices in Margaret Atwood’s the hand maid’s tale under the lens of l’ecriture feminine proposed by Helene Cixous
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Tasmeet Butt
This paper tends to scrutinize Margaret Atwood‘s novel The Hand Maid’s Tale under the lens of L’ecriture Feminine proposed by Helene Cixous. The novel consists of many patterns: direct demarcations of feminine voices, feminine texts, and feminine liberty. Historical records show how patriarchs have overpowered over the representations and cut the feminine voices out of that. The novel seems to be constrained by phallocentric constraints on the micro-level, but it consists of many root patterns of hidden female voices in its undercurrent. According to Cixous, "It is time for women to start scoring their feats in written and oral language. Every woman has known the torment of getting up to speak‖ (8). This statement highlights the incorporated injustice in the texts which have been produced so far. The text of The Hand Maid’s Tale encompasses the gruesome facts about feminine voice, which haunting patriarchal voices have subdued. To break the chains of patriarchal dominancy, Atwood liberates her female characters and, most formerly Offred, to be the spokesperson of these full feminine modes of representation. An effort has been made to carve out the concealed dilemmas of suppression, subjugation, and destruction. This study focuses on the preliminary marks of feminine voices and how Offred has set her apart from that particular circumference of patriarchy around her. Her mind, thoughts, actions, and experiences are all the representations of L’ecriture's Feminine mode of writing and speaking. Hence, a character study is carried out in this novel, with textual analysis as the research methodology.
Analyzing the hegemonic representation of class and culture in Mian Raza Rabbani’s short fiction
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) ZAINAB HAMEED
This study aims to provide an insight into the culturally conditioned, downtrodden, and neglected side of the society as portrayed in the short story collection Invisible People by Mian Raza Rabbani through the lens of Antonio Gramsci’s idea of Cultural Hegemony is a constituent of Karl Marx’s theory of Marxism. This research presents a case study of the ruling class ruling through coercion and consensus. It depicts betrayal, misery, and deprivation of the abandoned class at the hands of the elites in a collection of 11 evocative, fable-like stories. The beliefs and cultural values of the ruling class then become the cultural norms and depict the whole society including the underprivileged, from their perspective. The same scenario can be observed in the mentioned text. The worldview of a person from the ruling class -the author, becomes the voice of the poor. Moreover, as Mr. Rabbani himself belongs to an elite family, occupying a position of power, yet illustrating the underprivileged- This ignites a further debate on the dominant ideology of the society. The scenario of a socially privileged person providing an insight into the harsh realities of the underprivileged provides us with the opportunity to access the work under the umbrella of Marxism, Repression, and class structure as it tackles the same subject. Therefore, the degree of cultural conditioning class structure, repression, feminism, and power dynamics are the points that will be discussed under the umbrella of these theories.
Effects of female beauty standards in “the skin I’m in” by identifying social identity theory
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Faroza Hayat
The study aspires to carter itself as an eye-opener for the people who through their own uncertainties get influenced indulging in the perception of We and They as delineated in; “The Skin I’m in'' by Sharon G. Flake through the lens of Social Identity Theory by Henri Tajfel and John Turner. The two mental processes social-identification and social-comparison are inter linked to each other where social Identification talks about how we as humans have ranked our identity into two groups, the Out-groups and the In-groups. We adopt the identity of one specific group which gives us the sense of belonging. They use the Us vs Them mentality which reckons the sense of pride, honor and comfort in one group to make them feel special and worthy. Alongside this Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a physiological theory, whose model is taken as an example for analyzing the Social Identity Theory. Moreover, the idea of adding Phallus will give new insights to the word beauty as well as the study. The vogue from Self denial to Self-acceptance, appearance effect on the power image of beauty, patriarchal hold in setting beauty standards, social comparison and social identification would be discussed under the umbrella of Social Identity Theory. This research is completely based upon textual analysis consisting of qualitative methodology. Research articles, historical letters, documents, essays and novels were used as research tools. Moreover, this thesis project is performed at a bachelor level by an undergraduate student and was completed over a course of three months. It is a time constrained project which could give new insights to beauty in future.
American dream and social mobility in the great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Maryam Ashraf
Great American novel ‘The Great Gatsby’ is a perfect epitome of American Dream, reflecting the era of the 1920s after World War I when people began to dream of success, wealth and pursuit of happiness through social mobility. The dream of the future (American Dream) was the consequence of Capitalism, which brought materialism with it. The research is conducted with the support of the literary work of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s ‘The Great Gatsby’ along with Karl Marx’s theory of ‘Capitalism’. The research aims to analyze how materialistic approaches can no longer advance humanity within the context of the novel The Great Gatsby. The objective of the research is to explore the attitudes of numerous characters, from different socioeconomic classes, which are the corroboration of the theory of Capitalism. The aim of the research is to assess the scope of the dreams and desires of the characters within the context of the American Dream and the farfetched promises it entails. Using the Marxist approach, this research fills the gap in literature based on the theory of capitalism as it deals with the aspects of upward social mobility in the novel The Great Gatsby. Forthcoming researchers can question the idea of materialistic approach by exploring social mobility in literary works of other writers of American Literature. It is a qualitative research focusing on a grounded theory. It is not an interdisciplinary research.
An account of toxic masculinity portrayed in Henrik Ibsen’s a doll’s house
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Maha Shahbaz
This study is based on analyzing A doll’s house by Henrik Ibsen in light of socialist feminism and the second sex. It aims to highlight toxic masculinity portrayed by Ibsen and its impacts on women by their subjugation and marginalization. The impacts of toxic masculinity on women in Victorian society will be discussed along with factors causing this. It would focus on sufferings of women due to the dominant psychology and toxic masculinity. Moreover it would cover the practical inclusive socialist feminist approach towards this misogyny. The role of misogyny in giving birth to a gender bigoted society and treatment to women as second sex will be analyzed. As a theoretical framework for the present research Socialist feminism and the second sex by Simone de Beauvoir are used. This will help in discovering factors born on hands of patriarchy in causing women marginalization and the causes of toxic masculinity. Socialist feminism suggest the combination of capitalism with patriarchy as seen in play to be the subject of analysis in study. Qualitative method of research is used for the study and play is used as the instrument of this research. The findings of study aim at highlighting portrayal of toxic masculinity and its causes by explaining the marginalization of women due to it.
A new historicist study of mottled dawn portraying partition’s trauma
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Muhammad Zakim
The Partition of India became a catastrophic event that modified the social and cultural panorama of the subcontinent. This studies seeks to research communal riots and the general disturbance that become skilled with the aid of the humans of the subcontinent at some stage in partition from a new historicist thing with Manto‟s anthology Mottled Dawn being the number one textual content. Seeking the fact that Manto seeks psychological asylum through writing as a way to acquire catharsis of partition‟s trauma to express the „madness' of partition displays his trauma afflicted state of mind. Many of Manto's testimonies discuss with intellectual illness and depression, “Khol Do" " is one example. Through an in-depth observe of the Manto‟s series, this examine seeks to understand how Manto strongly criticizes religion by means of selling sectarian and masculine violence at some point of the separation. As a cultural representation inside the politics of segregation and poetry, Manto goals to focus on the significance of these cultural texts as separate historians of segregation and religion.
Introspection
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Ahsan Ali
Literature has a significant impact on human life, and its language has the ability to convey the inner world of humans. Memories, retrospection, introspection, foreshadowing, and flashbacks that are colored by the wound, trauma, and pain of gender disparity have a lot of space in literature. Now is the time to create the plot of fear, and Margaret Atwood has done an excellent job of raising these problems. In her writings, she criticizes the social, cultural, and political ties that bind a female character. In her works, she aspires to achieve self-awareness, identity, and self-confidence while depicting the sufferings and misery of female characters. This research focuses on the protagonist's childhood relationship, victimization, alienation, and rehabilitation in Margaret Atwood's novel Cat's Eye. This paper applies postcolonial theories of othering and cultural resistance to Elaine's sagacity of displacement and alienation. The emphasis then turns to Elaine's character development, with Abraham's objective approach serving as the theoretical structure. The method of research used in this analysis is library research. As a result, this research concludes that Cat's Eye reflects othering and character growth throughout her life. Finally, she developed into an independent young woman who, as an adult, let go of her past.
Oppression, injustice, and non-fiction
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) FATIMA NASEEM CHOHAN
Human rights is one of the most important concerns globally in the twenty first century, with injustices of different kinds under the spotlight. This is a subject that raises much concern when it comes to abuses in international and European contexts, but is often ignored in other domains. One such example is the Kashmir disputes and how the people of Kashmir have been facing social, political, religious, and legal discrimination for decades. Since the 1980s, Indian occupied Kashmir has served as the hotspot for the abuse of basic human rights which include sexual violence, killings of civilians, torture, and kidnappings. Considering the extent of discrimination this disputed area has faced by the Indian state, the neighboring country Pakistan, has itself tried to support its people multiple times across the Line of Control. The persistence of human rights violations can be easily blamed on India’s corrupt and broken justice system. Kashmir is the chief issue of conflict in South Asia and has been the primary bone of contention between India and Pakistan – two nuclear-armed countries. However, when it comes to actually taking actions to resolve the issue at the international level, after some key resolutions, no progress has taken place to give rights and privileges to the people of Kashmir. This thesis focuses on the book Kashmir- The Case for Freedom, and especially on an essay by Arundhati Roy in this edited volume, which talks about oppression and injustice in Kashmir and the neglect it faces by international stakeholders. Among the different authors, Roy’s essay has been selected not just because of its clarity, but also because of her own fame and influence. Being an Indian activist and writer known all over the world, she is an important voice from which to understand the circumstances and issues in Kashmir, which are either ignored or promoted by political parties and people in power. Finally, in order to analyze the injustice and violence in Kashmir through Roy and others, two theories are being availed – ‘Monopoly on Violence’ and ‘Social 2 movement theory’- in order to make sense of the situation in Kashmir.
Tracing the effects of trauma in Manto’s short stories
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Maha Fatima
The current research takes into consideration of Sadat Hassan Manto's short stories regarding the Subcontinent's partition. The purpose of this study is to reveal the psychological trauma narratives and war memories in Manto's damage characters as a result of the devastation of partition. Manto, a partition eyewitness, played a significant role in highlighting the brutality of partition with brutal honesty, reflecting all those events that propagated violence, murders, rapes, abducting, abusing, psychological scars, horrible emotionality, and the depressing social culture during the partition wartime in his short stories. This research provides a detail review of psychological trauma and war memories in Manto's selected short tales, highlighting those instances of sorrow that result in the victims of partition's unwritten recollection of the tragedy. The partition of India is the most major historical event with the biggest psychological and physical consequences. Freud trauma theory is used to explain the pre partition trauma by Sadat Hassan Manto in this research. Research states that Trauma is a two-fold term that refers to mental experience and ties an external incident to particular after effects on a person's psychic world. Trauma is one of the most prominent topics in modern literature.
Case study on pedophilic literature
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Khoula Asad Khan
Pedophilia is a psychological issue that has plagued the mindsets of many predators, but has not been publicly addressed by many people. It is the leading cause of child molestation, abuse, and even rape. Pedophilic literature explores not only the aspects, or process of pedophilia, but helps the readers explore deeper into the minds of those suffering from this disorder. It not only helps in the documentation of what and how everything happens, but also enlightens us about the future consequences, mental trauma/s it causes, and the psychological prospects of it all. As the topic implicates, this thesis will be a case study on Pedophilic literature from a general retrospective, with the consultation of the popular pedophilic novels that have been published so far. These include 120 Days of Sodom by Marquis de Sade, Demons (Devils) by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov, Nobody Heard me Cry by John Devane, The End of Alice by A.M. Holmes, A Little Life by Hanya Yanagihara, and My Dark Vanessa by Kate Elizabeth Russell. Apart from the case study, a sub-research will be conducted to as to how pedophilic literature helps in the formation of different opinions about pedophilia, the type of criticism that this type of literature has been subjected to, and the causes of stigmatization of this topic in Pakistan. The reason for conducting this research is to highlight the social context in which pedophilia is perceived, and to highlight the causes of why it is becoming such a problem, especially in Pakistan. Since it is a two part research paper, Triangulation method will be used. Qualitative methodology will be used to analyze the books, and quantitative analysis will be used in surveying the affected people.
The conflict between science and religion
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Shulammite Paul
Richard Dawkins the author of The God Delusion has different focuses from his scientific source. Through this book, I contend to unveil the aspects against Christianity by analyzing the writing of C.S. Lewis by applying the theory of Marxism by Karl Marx. New Atheism was coined by the American journalist Gary Wolf in 2006 to showcase the growth of prominent atheists of the twentieth century. One of them, Richard Dawkins, advocates the ideology of new atheism in the view that religion, irrationalism, and superstitions shouldn’t be tolerated. Through his book, The God Delusion (2006) Dawkins challenges religion as the indoctrination of children and the social harms caused by the perpetuating ideologies that humans believe in. This thesis discusses the scientific testing on Christianity, and the emergence of new atheism as a contemporary movement to attack religion. Reason and Logic are subjected to the authority of God.

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