2012

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https://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/17418

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Investigating the virtual efficiency of a PWM operated unidirectional DC motor through generated electrical power feedback
(UMT Lahore, 2012) Mr. Syed Humza Shah; Mr. Muhammad Amir
This project attempts to make a contribution toward a solution for Pakistan’s extreme shortage of electrical power. A unique method is investigated to potentially increase the efficiency of DC electrical motors without changing a motor’s internal structure. Motors operated by PWM (pulse width modulation) are considered and studied, as large motors in industry are powered through PWM. The devised method employs changes solely to the protruding rotor and the circuit providing power to the motor. Power is generated and fed back to the motor to fulfill its partial power requirement. Experimental data is extensively gathered and analyzed to draw appropriate conclusions.
Autonomous ball picker robot
(UMT Lahore, 2012) Walli Wajahat Bhatti; Muhammad Saad Khan; Muhammad Mohsin Bilal
The autonomous ball picker robot is a self-governing robot, intelligent in hurdle detection within the tennis court. The infra-red sensors are used at the front of the robot to avoid its collision with the walls of the court or any other hurdle in between its movement. While moving forward, when the front left sensor detects any hurdle or the wall, the robot will move back for one second and then turn to the right (90 degree) and then move in the forward direction. If the right sensor detects an obstacle, the robot will move back for one second and then have a left rotation (90 degree) and then move forward. If both sensors detect a straight wall in front of it, the robot will move back for one second and then perform an anticlockwise (180 degree) rotation and then move forward. The robot detects the ball using infra-red sensors inside the blades. Whenever the ball comes in between the blades, the IR sensor will detect it, and the blades will start their rotation for a second. Within this time, the ball is taken inside the cart, and the counter adds it and displays it on the LCD. The DC motors are driven using the L-298 H-Bridge driver, and the motor rotation depends upon the sensor output controlled by the PIC 16F877A controller, where ADC conversion is performed, and the whole program is written using PROTON IDE.
Prepaid digital energy meter with keypad interface
(UMT Lahore, 2012) Muhammad Subiyyal Fayyaz; Shayan Izrar; M.Ali Bokhari
The modern world is a challenging place. Ideas are polishing the minds of the engineers, scientists, and analysts who are involved in the development of industry as well as providing feasible products to the users. In the 21st century, everyone is talking about modernization and development, but without electricity, it seems to be unaccomplished. The users are growing exponentially, and the load on power-providing divisions (e.g., WAPDA) is increasing, so organizations as well as customers must be facilitated by giving them an innovative solution; i.e., the concept of a prepaid digital energy meter. As older technology-based energy meters get older, they may become less accurate due to their mechanical design (based on the Ferrari wheel principle) and are the main source of dissipating power, so it makes good prospective sense to move to this new technology. Collecting data from power meters is a laborious task. Conventionally, the meter is read by a human being and written onto a notepad. The data then has to be typed into a computer before it can be processed. By keeping all these things in mind, the idea of a prepaid digital energy meter has flourished, comprising three modules: energy calculation using metering IC (SA9903B), controlling module, and display unit. The system developed automates the whole process, that is, measuring the power from the digital electric meter, sending the consumed units (postpaid electric meter) and card number (prepaid electric meter) to the area substation, and the process of bill generation. It also eliminates human error in reading meters, improves meter reading accuracy, provides an accurate usage-based bill resulting in better customer satisfaction, and protects against electricity theft and meter tampering. This metering system is feasible for residential, commercial, and industrial applications because of the versatility and low cost afforded by the system design. The system design also changes the economics of manufacturing energy meters. Another consideration is the demand for mechanical-meter replacements that are as inexpensive as possible. In parts of the developing world where many new customers are being connected to the grid, the low cost of the project is its main attraction as well. In the first part, the energy calculation module was developed, which measures the current and voltage, converts it into a digital form, and then computes the instantaneous power. In the prepaid meter case, we interfaced the keypad to enter the card number. Every card number entered has some units against it. When the correct code is entered, the user gets a certain amount of units which they can consume further. When the units are less than a certain level, the system intimates the user to recharge the card/units by activating the buzzer to avoid supply cutoff. When all units are consumed, the controlling module switches off the supply by operating the relay. To avail of the electric power, the user must now enter a valid card.
Fire Extinguisher
(UMT Lahore, 2012) Sheikh Ali Asif; Tayyab; Mohsin Ashfaq
Design and Implementation of Control System for Inverted Pendulum
(UMT Lahore, 2012) Raheel Tariq; Sajid Ali; Saad Rasheed
The inverted pendulum is a classic control problem, which involves the development of balance the pendulum system. For display purposes, it is like trying to balance a broomstick on the finger. To study this problem, we have to take into account the experimental system which consists of a pendulum, which is free to rotate 360 degrees. This project involves the complete system including all mechanical hardware, software and design at minimal cost. Three major subsystems that make this design: (1) a mechanical system, (2) feedback network which includes sensors and methods for reading and (3) a driver and its interface with mechanical system. After determining a set of requirements between subsystems, each can be designed independently of the other two, simplifying the design process. We consider several models of stick-slip friction between the car and track and measure the parameters of the experimental friction.
Preamplifier and loudspeaker & muting design for a studio series stereo amplifying system
(UMT Lahore, 2012) Bilal Amjad; Hassan Tariq
In our final year project, we successfully amplified a random signal with less power dissipation and higher efficiency using a Class D amplifying system. Firstly, we implemented a Class A amplifier and calculated its power dissipation, which was too large. Therefore, we researched different classes of amplifying systems and selected Class D because it is a highly efficient amplifying class. For the analog Class D amplifying system, we implemented three blocks. Firstly, the modulation block takes the random audio signal, compares it with a triangular carrier signal, superimposes it onto the carrier, and generates a PWM signal. Secondly, the switching output block (inverter, gate driver, switching MOSFETs) takes the PWM output and amplifies it to the required level. The gate driver is necessary to operate the switching MOSFETs according to requirements, and the proposed gate driver consumes much less energy while minimizing conduction and switching losses (delay time, rise time, reverse recovery time, fall time, and decay time). Thirdly, the low-pass filter block is used to recover the original random signal. For the digital Class D amplifying system, we implemented three blocks. Firstly, the UPWM (uniform pulse width modulation) block takes the digital signal and converts it into a staircase signal, which is then fed into the switching output block. We implemented UPWM using the PIC 16F877A microcontroller
Implementation of Kalman Filter using Gyroscope
(UMT Lahore, 2012) Aqeel Tariq; Muhammad Waseem Asif; Mohsin Javed
The project serves the study of Kalman filter and its implementation on microcontroller. We have successfully developed its application by implementing it on microcontroller and developed a stable system by using MEMS-based accelerometer and gyroscope. Kalman filter is implemented for error compensation in the sensor values. This project has vast applications ranging from robotics to complete self-balancing and is a very important step forward towards the industry having motion-sensing-based applications. This is the era of automation; hence, autopilots, drones, and quadcopters are heavily using IMU to stabilize their system.
Implementation of 5S tools/ methodology in Rice Polishing Plant Engro Food (PVT) Ltd
(UMT Lahore, 2012) Abdul Aziz
Touch screen GLCD based electrical devices control system
(UMT Lahore, 2012) M Farooq Masood
The purpose of this project is to control electrical devices more efficiently and effectively with the help of “Touch Panel GLCD.” It is a user-friendly project. In this project, I have explored the idea of a reliable, simple, efficient touch panel to control different electrical devices using a PIC microcontroller. Loads to be controlled are light, bulb, and fan. Also, using IR for sending and receiving codes in bit format provides a remote control feature, though the user can control these devices remotely.
Biometric security
(UMT Lahore, 2012) Nosheen Tahir; Umair Shuja
Biometric technologies are on the verge of wide-scale deployment, with fingerprinting being the most researched and proven method in the field. We propose developing a system that can quickly identify individuals via a device using only a person’s fingerprint. The fingerprint identification system (FIS) is a database of digitized fingerprint files. It matches fingerprints submitted electronically (through live scan electronic fingerprint capture devices) against those in the system to assist in the accurate identification of individuals.
Noise Cancellation Controller on DSP KIT using LMS Algorithm
(UMT Lahore, 2012) Hassan Raza; Muhammad Arif; Ali Anees
This paper shows the implementation of a low-cost active noise control (ANC) system on the DSP Starter Kit TM6713. The system consists of an error microphone with a signal amplifier, two powered speakers (primary and secondary sources), and the controller (the DSP Starter Kit). The overall performance is limited by the DSK features, but it is possible to achieve up to 30 dB of acoustic attenuation in narrowband acoustic noise. The fixed-point DSP controller has been programmed using an assembler and a debugger supplied by Texas Instruments, and the final application is built on the Windows operating system environment, where the user can easily modify the parameters of the active noise controller (filter taps, convergence factors, and leaky factors) through a user-friendly control panel.
Mood changer using magnetic field
(UMT Lahore, 2012) Shoaib Nisar; Hafiz Muhammad Usman Riaz
The human brain exhibits electrical activity in the form of tiny alternating currents. Using extremely sensitive equipment it is possible to monitor these currents from voltages present at the skin surface of the head and it has been established that different frequencies correspond to some extent with the subject’s mood or mental state. An alternating magnetic field induces electrical currents in conductive material within range and brain tissue is such a conductor. So we have made a device called “Mood Changer” which generates magnetic field of some specific frequencies in order to change the brain states. The idea is quite simple. Firstly, there is a frequency generator in it which uses PIC microcontroller to generate digital sine wave at four different frequencies. Then, the wave becomes smooth and amplifies and finally magnetic field generates. This magnetic field, according to above phenomenon, changes the mental states.
Autonomous Robotic Car
(UMT Lahore, 2012) Muhammad Adeel Kamran; Muhammad Saqib Mukhtar; Asif Abbas
It is an anti-accident car which automatically deviates its path when any hurdle comes in front. The sharp IR distance sensor and camera is mounted at the front of the robotic car for this purpose. The sharp IR sensor is used to detect the obstacles while the camera is used to avoid that obstacle. While moving forward, if the IR sensor does not detect any hurdle, the robotic car is going to its normal speed. If the IR sensor detects any hurdle, then the robotic car slows down and takes the decision to overtake that hurdle by camera. The back motor speed is controlled by PWM that depends on the IR sensor’s output, while the front motor is a bidirectional motor and controlled by H-bridge that depends on camera image processing data. Both sensor and camera output is controlled by PIC16F877A microcontroller. ADC is used for sensor output, and level converter (MAX232) is used for PC to PIC interfacing. Whole PIC programming is done in PROTON Basic language, while image processing is done in MATLAB.
Anti collision mechanism in cars
(UMT Lahore, 2012) Muhammad Awais Murtaza; Muhammad Umer Sadique
This project focuses on the implementation of an anti-collision mechanism in vehicles that is readily implementable in the current scenario. During the course of study and fabrication of a small scale prototype, various related literature and statistics were consulted to provide relevant data on which to most effectively design our anti-collision mechanism. The proposed solution was based on the braking distance of a car, which varies with speed and road conditions. After accounting for variables that affect the braking distance, a relation was derived between braking distance and the speed of the car. It was realized that if there was sufficient distance for the car to brake, no collision would occur. Hence the mechanism was based on the fact that the car must maintain a minimum braking distance at all times, otherwise it must either slow down its speed or come to halt.
Simulation of inverter with different types of loads using Matlab/Simulink.
(UMT Lahore, 2012) Kashif Saleem; H.Sajid Riaz; Mohammad Zohaib.ul.Husnain
This project is about modeling and simulation of three phase pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter with different type of loads. The model was implemented using MATLAB/Simulink with the Sim Power Systems block set. The insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) model was used as switching device. This project is purposed to use MATLAB/Simulink software to design, analysis and evaluation of power electronic converter and their controllers. For modeling, Simulink provides a graphical user interface (GUI) for building model as block diagram. Simulink includes a comprehensive block library of sink, sources, linear and nonlinear components and connectors. The pulse width modulation technique is used to control the closing and opening switches. The PWM signal is used to control on/off switching state of the IGBTs, which functions in driver model that is created to control the switching scheme.
Tire pressure monitoring system
(UMT Lahore, 2012) Basit Ali; Bilal Akram; Usama Jameel
We live in a world where numbers guide us to better outcomes and results. The numerical representations along with artificial intelligence have brought us new possibilities to make our life comfortable and safe. Safety in our road trips has always been an attraction to ambitious engineers. TPMS is one of such safety devices now being widely used all over the world. Tire Pressure Monitoring System – TPMS, as the name suggests, monitors the tire pressure of a vehicles and displays the results on the dashboard along with alerts in case of a deviation from the set value. In this project we have tried to lower the cost and make the device versatile for different kinds of vehicles and environments. Our design can be used as a principle unit in many industries where pressure measurement is vital and need frequent results.
Electronic time table display board using XBEE
(UMT Lahore, 2012) Haji Muhammad Usman Rashid; Muhammad Tahir Sattar; Muhammad Abdul Rehman Khalid
Metal detecting robot using RF communication
(UMT Lahore, 2012) Farooq Khaliq; Khawaja Salman Rasheed; Abdul Wahab; Arslan Mahmood
Surveillance Car
(UMT Lahore, 2012) Hussain Mustafa Kamal; Sajid Nawaz Tarar; Syed Hateem; Furqan Arshad
In this report, working of surveillance car is proposed. In this project, a machine is made to read and then follow the path provided to it and avoid collisions, get off the path and then return to it. Moreover, it SMSs the temperature rise in its vicinity. Microcontroller serves as its brain that continuously guides the robot. Report describes the major areas relevant to the project. A discussion of the project working, as well as component selection and hardware implementation, is also present in the report.
Smart energy meter reading and monitoring system through GSM/GPRS
(UMT Lahore, 2012) Naveed Aftab Khan; Mohsin Asif; Atif Akbar
The monitoring of energy meter at distant or sitting at head office using GSM/GPRS module. Thus it is necessary to develop an accurate and real time monitoring of an energy meter. In this project energy meter parameters like voltage, load current, temperature of energy meter outer side, units consumed and apparent power in watts. Temperature sensor (LM35) and internal interrupt of micro controller respectively. Then these parameters are monitored by applying limitations and using LED’s to show system status and LCD is used for the digital display. After this the parameters are sent by GSM/GPRS module. At the other end we have another GSM/GPRS module which receive the parameters and show and save the parameters in the software made in Visual Basic6.0.

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