Department of Social Sciences

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https://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/668

Department of Social Sciences was established in 2008 in the School of Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH) at UMT. The idea behind the launch of DSS was to cater to the needs of participants who have a keen interest in joining this realm of knowledge.

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Browsing Department of Social Sciences by Author "Fatima, Sana"

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    Level of Ignorant Behavior among Breast Cancer Female Patients
    (University of Management & Technology, 2018) Fatima, Sana
    Introduction: Breast carcinoma is the most prevalent malignancy among women in the world. Among Asian countries, Pakistan has highest prevalence of breast carcinoma. The breast cancer diagnosis in majority of the cases is delayed owing to numerous factors like ignorance, lack of knowledge regarding symptoms, females’ hesitancy to get examined themselves by a male health care provider, shyness to talk about problem with family members or spouse and poverty. The Pakistani women, particularly those living in rural areas mostly ignore this health problem and prefer to visit hakims (herbal medicine practitioners) tioners) or spiritual healers instead of allopathic doctors. Illiteracy, poverty, ignorance, disease stigma, lack of resources, poor access to hospitals and alternate use of medicine are the leading factor responsible for the delay in breast cancer diagnosis (Iqbal et al., 2010; Ayaz et al., 2016). Objectives: The objectives of the study are to assess the awareness of women regarding breast cancer and to know the reasons of ignorance about the disease. Methodology: It was experimental studyin which 100 women having breast canvcer of f Lahore were included. Systematic random sampling technique was used.Data was collected through questionnaire, which was entered in to computer using SPSS 20.0. Frequencies and percentages were calculated and data was presented in tables and figures. Chi-square test was used to find out association between categorical variables. Results: Among 100 women, 44.0% were 21-40 years old and 65.0% living in urban areas while 30.0% had done their graduation and above. Among the women, 76.0% were strongly agreed that poverty is a leading cause of ignorance and increases the prevalence of breast cancer among females,62.0 were strongly agreed that illiteracy is associated with breast cancer among females,56.0% were strongly agreed that hesitation in discussion with spouse or family members exacerbate the condition of breast cancer,57.0% women were strongly agreed that early detection and proper treatment play an important role in reducing morbidity and mortality among females of breast cancer and 65.0% were strongly agreed that women should self-examine to assess lump or swelling in the breast or in any other body area while 87.0% were strongly agreed that women should discuss their problem with family and qualified doctors should be visited instead of quacks. Among these women, 65.0% were strongly agreed that breast cancer is a silent killer and 71.0% were strongly agreed that breast cancer is associated with ignorance while 79.0% women were strongly agreed that religious and cultural values are responsible for ignorance among women regarding breast cancer.