2021

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Marginalization of women through the lens of Ismat Chughtai and Sana Munir
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Fatima Ijaz
This thesis explores portrayal of two women from different eras. Short stories written by Ismat Chughtai Chauthi ka Joda, the Mole, The Homemaker and Sana Munir Unfettered wings; Farida, Emaan and Reema will be discussed in this paper. Social exclusion is not a new coined word in South Asian literature. Women have been marginalized for ages. It was propagated that woman is not exploited with patriarchy. Ismat Chughtai shed light on voices of muted group of society. Sana Munir takes over this discussion by portraying modern women muteness (Fatima). Aim of this research is to compare two writings from different era from feminist perspective which covers muted group theory because it presents the idea of marginalized groups who are muted and excluded thru the use of language. This research was introduced by Edwin Ardener and Shirley Ardener and further evolved by Cheris Kramarae. This paper will discuss submissiveness, muteness, oppression and commodity of women under patriarchal dominant society. This research concludes that woman of pre partition to post partition are not only oppressed but also have been marginalized since forever. Ranting is still the same but with modern problems.