Temperament, family functioning, nostalgia, and self-harm behaviors Among university hostelites and day scholars
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Date
2025
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UMT Lahore
Abstract
In the present study, university hostelites and day scholars were studied to find the association of temperament, family functioning, nostalgia, and self-harm behaviors. The study employs a cross-sectional research design with a sample of 400 participants both males and females (200 hostel students and 200-day scholars). Standardized scales were used to measure temperament, family functioning, nostalgia, and self-harm behaviors. The Temperament Scale for University Students (TSUS) by Durrani et., 2018, Family Functioning was determined using the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (FACES IV; Olson et al., 2011) that included subscales of family communication and family satisfaction, Nostalgia in Hostel Students Scale (NHS) by Kazmi & Mahmood, 2018 and Self-Harm Behaviors Scale (SHBS) by Naeem et al., 2021 were used to assess them. Correlation and regression analysis, independent sample t-test found that there are significant correlations between temperament traits, family functioning, and nostalgia and self-harm behaviors. The protective effect was seen as extraversion and cautiousness. Homesickness was tied to nostalgia but was not related to self-harm behaviors. Family communication appeared as a significant negative predictor of self-harm; participants were inherently against self-harm because of the sense of connection that they shared with the other family members. The study highlights the roles of temperament and family factors in determining mental health outcomes and offers directions for how to tailor interventions to create a beneficial intervention for university students who live away from home.