Efficacy of low intensity psychological interventions (LIPIs) in reducing emotional dependence among university students
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Date
2025-10-07
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UMT Lahore
Abstract
The current research study aimed to explore the relationship between Emotional Dependence, Self-Esteem, Depression, Anxiety and Stress in University Students (N=200), along with the efficacy of Low Intensity Psychological Interventions (LIPIs) for reducing Emotional Dependence, aged 18 to 25 years (N=20). Study I and II followed Cross-sectional Correlational Study and Quasi Experimental Study Design respectively. Data were collected using measures: Emotional Dependence Questionnaire (EDQ; Lemos & Londono, 2006), Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSE; Rosenberg, 1965) and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). Pearson Product Moment Correlation, Hierarchical Multiple Regression and Hayes Process Mediation Analysis were carried out to determine the relationship among study variables; to find out the Emotional Dependence and Self-Esteem as significant predictors of Depression, Anxiety and Stress; and to evaluate the mediating role of Self-Esteem between Emotional Dependence and Depression, Anxiety and Stress in university students respectively. Non-parametric tests such as Mann Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was conducted to check the effectiveness of Low Intensity Psychological Interventions (LIPIs) for reducing Emotional Dependence, Low Self-Esteem, Depression, Anxiety and Stress in University Students. Findings revealed that Emotional Dependence has positive relationship with overall Self-Esteem, Depression, Anxiety and Stress. Self-Esteem and Emotional Dependence were significant predictors of Depression, Anxiety and Stress. In addition, Self-Esteem served as a significant mediator between Emotional Dependence and Depression, Anxiety and Stress. Results showed significant improvement between experimental and control group and with pre and post scores after the intervention.