Utilization of waste cooking oil for manufacture of sustainable biodiesel
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Date
2017
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University of Management and Technolog
Abstract
Biodiesel is a renewable diesel, fuel of domestic source it is obtained from fats and oils either by chemical or bio-chemical means. Biodiesel consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the chemical formula and carbon/hydrogen ratio is different for each biodiesel and depends upon source from where it is obtained. There are four process by which oils and fats can be converted into biodiesel, namely, Trans esterification, blending, micro emulsions and pyrolysis. In this work biodiesel was manufactured from waste cooking oil by three steps method. Three samples of Waste cooking oil (WCO) were obtained from local restaurant of Lahore city of Pakistan. The acid value of used oil was 1.3. The first step was saponification, in which stoichiometric amount of NaOH was treated with oil. Second step was acidification in which soap solution was treated with stoichiometric amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid to produce free fatty acid. The last step was esterification, in which free fatty acid is reacted with methanol. All these reactions were performed at optimum temperature 70 oC. The best molar ratio of oil to methanol used was 1:6. Concentrated hydrochloric acid was used as catalyst and its concentration was 5% of free fatty acid. The maximum reaction yield was 85%. Finally several physical and chemical properties of biodiesel such as acid value, saponification value, ester value, viscosity, density, cloud point, and flash point were examined and compared with biodiesel standard values. The viscosity of produced biodiesel ranged from 5.7mm2/s - 6.13mm2/s. Saponification value found within the ranged from 182 - 188.2. The acid number limits were from 0.8 - 1.3. Densities of produced biodiesel were ranked from 0.67g/ml - 0.989g/ml. Cloud points ranged from -7 oC to – 8oC. Flash points ranged from 89 oC - 170 oC and ester values ranged from 181.1-188.2. Values of properties of synthesized biodiesel were under the tolerable limit. The manufactured biodiesel from WCO in this research can be effectively used as diesel fuel for commercial application.
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Supervised by: Dr. Ayesha Mohyuddin
Keywords
Maximum reaction yield was 85%. Finally several physical, Cloud points ranged from -7 oC to – 8oC. Flash points