Evaluation & controlling of oxidation in vat dyes (Indigo) for denim processing

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dc.contributor.authorZain Qazi
dc.contributor.authorArham Saeed
dc.contributor.authorMuhammad Uzair
dc.contributor.authorHaris Abdullah
dc.date.accessioned2014-11-28T11:56:16Z
dc.date.available2014-11-28T11:56:16Z
dc.date.issued2014
dc.description.abstractDenim is one of the world largest wearing stitched fabrics which are extensively not used in European countries but also in all Asiatic &Middle East states like India, China, Iran, Jordan,Saudi Arab, Pakistan, Malaysia etc. Denim has grown just about the most used outfits on the globe. Today jeans are an essential part of our lives. They are almost always washed a few times before being sold to give them their faded appearance. Indigo islike a soul of the body in denim industry, without“indigo dye” denim is almostimperfect, having no look as compare to well indigo dyeddenim. Now-a-days there are uncountable varieties and styles of denim, which are manufactured in all over textile sector of the world by keeping in view the increasing demand of fashion designers, brands and trend setters.Use of natural indigo is expensive and it is not easily available for the fulfillment the demand of denim manufacturing industries so researchers manufactured Indigo synthetically.Synthetic Indigo is reliable, easily available and most importantly it is cheaper than natural-indigo. The denim is actually the combination of warp and weft, in which the warp is mainly dyed with indigo in the form of rope. These ropes are arranged before the dyeing machine in the form of balls(on 12-36 beams) and then passed from the rope dyeing machine before further processes. Indigo Dyeing of rope is not an easy task for the dyers. It is performed under controlled conditions.This form of dyeing is also called ring dyeing because the yarn in the ropeis dyed just from the outer side not from the center. The main color of denim is actually depends upon the amount of indigo penetration in the fibers of the yarn (rope), with the help of airing (skying) or oxidation process in air. As long as the dyed yarns ropes are remain in contact with air after dipping in indigo, the oxidation or airing occurs, as the result, the indigo fixation on the surface of yarn is more lasting. This procedure (oxidation) decides the color of the fabric; either it is darker or lighter one. For more rigid shades the ropes will have to be in contact with air for longer time period as compared to the non-rigid shades. For better oxidation the regulation of air in indigo dyeing section/department is veryessential. For the sake of regulation of air in dyeing department big fans, air blowers etc. can be placed which can regulate the air around the dyeing section.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/1328
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherUniversity of Management and Technologyen_US
dc.subjectBS Thesisen_US
dc.subjectTextile and Designen_US
dc.subjectOxidationen_US
dc.titleEvaluation & controlling of oxidation in vat dyes (Indigo) for denim processingen_US
dc.titleEvaluation & controlling of oxidation in vat dyes (indigo) for denim processingen_us
dc.typeThesisen_US
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