A comparative study on strength
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Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
UMT. Lahore
Abstract
Concrete is one of the most commonly used construction materials, and its properties can be
modified using additives like air-entraining agents (AEAs) and supplementary cementitious
materials. This study focuses on the effects of AE192, an air-entraining agent, on the mechanical
and physical characteristics of ceramic concrete blocks, comparing them to traditional first-class
bricks. The objective was to evaluate how different percentages of AE192 (5%, 8%, and 10%)
influence compressive strength, weight, and workability, while also incorporating fly ash and
ceramic powder for sustainability. A 1:2:4 mix design was used, with Bestway OPC Grade 43
cement, Lawrencepur sand, and 9.5 mm coarse aggregate. Fly ash replaced 20% of cement, and
ceramic powder replaced 15% of sand. Two sample sets were tested at 7, 14, and 28 days for
compressive strength and weight, following ASTM standards for slump, specific gravity, bulk
density, and compression testing. Results showed the control mix (0% AE192) had the highest
compressive strength (2030.56 PSI in Sample 1 and 1269.44 PSI in Sample 2), making it suitable
for structural applications. The 5% AE192 mix showed balanced strength and reduced weight
(1841.67 PSI and 733.33 PSI), making it ideal for semi- structural use. Higher AE192 levels (8%
and 10%) led to reduced strength but improved workability and freeze-thaw resistance, useful for
non-structural applications. Ceramic- enhanced blocks, especially with 10% ceramic powder,
achieved 1186.11 PSI, offering a sustainable option. Although first-class bricks had higher
strength, they were less sustainable. The study concludes that 5% AE192 offers an optimal
balance of strength, workability, and sustainability.